Question 1

Which of the following is correct about a woman's energy needs during the first trimester?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only a very small additional amount of energy (150 to 250 kcal) is typically needed. 
B)  They are approximately the same as those for a nonpregnant woman. 
C)  The energy needs are the same as what is needed in the second trimester. 
D)  No additional energy is needed if a vitamin and mineral supplement is being taken. 
E)  Energy needs are the same across all three trimesters. 
A)  Only a very small additional amount of energy (150 to 250 kcal) is typically needed. 
B)  They are approximately the same as those for a nonpregnant woman. 
C)  The energy needs are the same as what is needed in the second trimester. 
D)  No additional energy is needed if a vitamin and mineral supplement is being taken. 
E)  Energy needs are the same across all three trimesters.

Question 2

Which organ system is most vulnerable to adverse influences during its critical period?

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiovascular system 
B)  circulatory system 
C)  digestive system 
D)  nervous system 
E)  endocrine system 
A)  cardiovascular system 
B)  circulatory system 
C)  digestive system 
D)  nervous system 
E)  endocrine system

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct statement about calcium during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium intakes usually meet the recommendations. 
B)  The RDA for calcium is the same as before pregnancy. 
C)  Calcium absorption efficiency is the same as before pregnancy. 
D)  Adequate intake prevents the calcium from being taken from the mother's bones. 
E)  The body prioritizes the mother's need bone calcium over that of the fetus. 
A)  Calcium intakes usually meet the recommendations. 
B)  The RDA for calcium is the same as before pregnancy. 
C)  Calcium absorption efficiency is the same as before pregnancy. 
D)  Adequate intake prevents the calcium from being taken from the mother's bones. 
E)  The body prioritizes the mother's need bone calcium over that of the fetus.

Question 4

Preparation for breastfeeding includes acquiring and learning how to___________

Accepted Answer

A)  use a breast-pump 
B)  weighing the baby 
C)  measuring the quantity of milk 
D)  testing the nutritional quality of milk 
E)  all of these are correct 
A)  use a breast-pump 
B)  weighing the baby 
C)  measuring the quantity of milk 
D)  testing the nutritional quality of milk 
E)  all of these are correct

Question 5

What is the recommended range of weight gain for a mother at healthy BMI at conception who is pregnant with twins?

Accepted Answer

A)  28 to 40 lb 
B)  31 to 50 lb 
C)  37 to 54 lb 
D)  50 to 70 lb 
E)  There are insufficient data to make a recommendation. 
A)  28 to 40 lb 
B)  31 to 50 lb 
C)  37 to 54 lb 
D)  50 to 70 lb 
E)  There are insufficient data to make a recommendation.

Question 6

___________ are two nutrients required in higher amounts during pregnancy due to their roles in the synthesis of red blood cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein and iron 
B)  Folate and vitamin B12 
C)  Calcium and vitamin A 
D)  Calcium and B6 
E)  Selenium and iron 
A)  Protein and iron 
B)  Folate and vitamin B12 
C)  Calcium and vitamin A 
D)  Calcium and B6 
E)  Selenium and iron

Question 7

Jennifer craves a bowl of ice cream every night while pregnant and has heard that this craving may be due to her body's need for additional calcium. What would you tell her?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cravings usually suggest the body's need for particular nutrient in the food being craved. 
B)  Cravings usually suggest the body's need for additional protein. 
C)  Cravings do not seem to indicate a physiological need for a nutrient 
D)  Cravings usually suggest the body's need for additional energy due to rapid growth spurts in the fetus. 
E)  Cravings suggest physiological need for a nutrient and should be given in to. 
A)  Cravings usually suggest the body's need for particular nutrient in the food being craved. 
B)  Cravings usually suggest the body's need for additional protein. 
C)  Cravings do not seem to indicate a physiological need for a nutrient 
D)  Cravings usually suggest the body's need for additional energy due to rapid growth spurts in the fetus. 
E)  Cravings suggest physiological need for a nutrient and should be given in to.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of macrosomia?

Accepted Answer

A)  a neural tube defect in a fetus 
B)  a baby born at 37 weeks' gestation 
C)  a mother gaining excessive weight during pregnancy 
D)  a baby born after the fortieth week of gestation 
E)  a baby born weighing 9 lb 6 oz 
A)  a neural tube defect in a fetus 
B)  a baby born at 37 weeks' gestation 
C)  a mother gaining excessive weight during pregnancy 
D)  a baby born after the fortieth week of gestation 
E)  a baby born weighing 9 lb 6 oz

Question 9

The influence of how a mother's nutrient intake may change gene expression to increase the infant's development of obesity or chronic diseases later in life is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal programming 
B)  overnutrition 
C)  malnutrition 
D)  fertilization 
E)  critical periods 
A)  fetal programming 
B)  overnutrition 
C)  malnutrition 
D)  fertilization 
E)  critical periods

Question 10

____________ is the influence of substances during fetal growth on the development of diseases in later life.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________ is the influence of substances during...

Question 11

Pregnant women younger than age 25 who receive less than __________of dietary calcium  daily need to increase their intake of milk, cheese, yogurt, and other calcium rich foods.

Accepted Answer

A)  800 mg 
B)  600 m 
C)  900 mg 
D)  500 mg 
E)  1000 mg 
A)  800 mg 
B)  600 m 
C)  900 mg 
D)  500 mg 
E)  1000 mg

Question 12

A developing infant from 2 to 8 weeks is known as a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  fetus 
B)  ovum 
C)  zygote 
D)  embryo 
E)  blastocyst 
A)  fetus 
B)  ovum 
C)  zygote 
D)  embryo 
E)  blastocyst

Question 13

Which of the following can help to minimize the effects of an occasional alcoholic drink in the milk of lactating women?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drink alcohol before breastfeeding, rather than after. 
B)  Breastfeed immediately after drinking prior to alcohol entering the bloodstream. 
C)  Pump and discard the milk following alcohol consumption. 
D)  Consume alcohol on an empty stomach. 
E)  Scientific evidence recommends consuming a glass of alcohol while lactating, and it will have no effect on milk. 
A)  Drink alcohol before breastfeeding, rather than after. 
B)  Breastfeed immediately after drinking prior to alcohol entering the bloodstream. 
C)  Pump and discard the milk following alcohol consumption. 
D)  Consume alcohol on an empty stomach. 
E)  Scientific evidence recommends consuming a glass of alcohol while lactating, and it will have no effect on milk.

Question 14

A pregnant woman needs to increase her intake by approximately ___ kcal to account for increased energy need in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

A)  200 
B)  340 
C)  450 
D)  540 
E)  600 
A)  200 
B)  340 
C)  450 
D)  540 
E)  600

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic associated with adolescent pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Labor is typically shorter due to the baby being smaller. 
B)  Maternal death is highest for those younger than age 20. 
C)  Socioeconomic status has little effect on pregnancy health and complications. 
D)  Young mothers are less likely to smoke. 
E)  They are more likely to deliver a baby that weighs 5½ pounds or less. 
A)  Labor is typically shorter due to the baby being smaller. 
B)  Maternal death is highest for those younger than age 20. 
C)  Socioeconomic status has little effect on pregnancy health and complications. 
D)  Young mothers are less likely to smoke. 
E)  They are more likely to deliver a baby that weighs 5½ pounds or less.

Question 16

The _______ is the organ from which the infant receives nourishment.

Accepted Answer

A)  placenta 
B)  umbilical cord 
C)  amniotic sac 
D)  blastocyte 
E)  sac in which the developing infant is contained prior to birth 
A)  placenta 
B)  umbilical cord 
C)  amniotic sac 
D)  blastocyte 
E)  sac in which the developing infant is contained prior to birth

Question 17

A high-quality, cost-effective health care and nutrition services program that provides women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have children ages 0 to 5 years is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the SNAP program 
B)  the March of Dimes 
C)  food stamp 
D)  the WIC program 
E)  the OAA program 
A)  the SNAP program 
B)  the March of Dimes 
C)  food stamp 
D)  the WIC program 
E)  the OAA program

Question 18

Explain why normal development is so crucial during critical periods, and give an example of what can happen if normal development does not occur.

Accepted Answer

Critical periods are times of intense de

Question 19

A baby born between 39 and 40 weeks gestation is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A baby born between 39 and 40...

Question 20

A lactating mother produces approximately ____ of milk each day.

Accepted Answer

A)  12 oz 
B)  18 oz 
C)  25 oz 
D)  28 oz 
E)  32 oz 
A)  12 oz 
B)  18 oz 
C)  25 oz 
D)  28 oz 
E)  32 oz

Exam 14: Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Which of the following is correct about a woman's energy needs during the first trimester?

Which organ system is most vulnerable to adverse influences during its critical period?

Which of the following is a correct statement about calcium during pregnancy?

Preparation for breastfeeding includes acquiring and learning how to___________

What is the recommended range of weight gain for a mother at healthy BMI at conception who is pregnant with twins?

___________ are two nutrients required in higher amounts during pregnancy due to their roles in the synthesis of red blood cells.

Jennifer craves a bowl of ice cream every night while pregnant and has heard that this craving may be due to her body's need for additional calcium. What would you tell her?

Which of the following is an example of macrosomia?

The influence of how a mother's nutrient intake may change gene expression to increase the infant's development of obesity or chronic diseases later in life is referred to as ________.

____________ is the influence of substances during fetal growth on the development of diseases in later life.

Pregnant women younger than age 25 who receive less than __________of dietary calcium daily need to increase their intake of milk, cheese, yogurt, and other calcium rich foods.

A developing infant from 2 to 8 weeks is known as a(n) _____.

Which of the following can help to minimize the effects of an occasional alcoholic drink in the milk of lactating women?

A pregnant woman needs to increase her intake by approximately ___ kcal to account for increased energy need in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Which of the following is a characteristic associated with adolescent pregnancy?

The _______ is the organ from which the infant receives nourishment.

A high-quality, cost-effective health care and nutrition services program that provides women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have children ages 0 to 5 years is ________.

Explain why normal development is so crucial during critical periods, and give an example of what can happen if normal development does not occur.

A baby born between 39 and 40 weeks gestation is referred to as ______.

A lactating mother produces approximately ____ of milk each day.

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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