Question 1

What is meant by the bioavailability of a vitamin? How is it determined?

Accepted Answer

Some water-soluble vitamins are synthesi

Question 2

Of these foods, which has the greatest vitamin B  12  bioavailability?

Accepted Answer

A)  milk 
B)  eggs 
C)  meat 
D)  poultry 
E)  spirulina (sea algae) 
A)  milk 
B)  eggs 
C)  meat 
D)  poultry 
E)  spirulina (sea algae)

Question 3

Describe the roles that vitamin C performs-or may perform-in the body.

Accepted Answer

As an antioxidant: Vitamin C loses elect

Question 4

What is "niacin flush"?

Accepted Answer

A)  a condition that develops with niacin deficiency 
B)  a condition that develops with nicotinic deficiency 
C)  a condition of low levels of niacin in the blood 
D)  a pharmacological effect that occurs from taking large doses of supplemental or prescription niacin 
E)  a physiological effect that occurs from consuming large doses of the nicotinamide form of niacin 
A)  a condition that develops with niacin deficiency 
B)  a condition that develops with nicotinic deficiency 
C)  a condition of low levels of niacin in the blood 
D)  a pharmacological effect that occurs from taking large doses of supplemental or prescription niacin 
E)  a physiological effect that occurs from consuming large doses of the nicotinamide form of niacin

Question 5

Riboflavin is similar to thiamin in that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  both are found in abundant amounts in pork 
B)  both serve as coenzymes in energy metabolism 
C)  both are easily destroyed by heat 
D)  both are easily destroyed by ultraviolet light 
E)  though rare, both can be toxic when consumed in high amounts 
A)  both are found in abundant amounts in pork 
B)  both serve as coenzymes in energy metabolism 
C)  both are easily destroyed by heat 
D)  both are easily destroyed by ultraviolet light 
E)  though rare, both can be toxic when consumed in high amounts

Question 6

Which of the following functions is true of vitamins in general?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some yield energy. 
B)  They help enzymes participate in the release of energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. 
C)  They are considered macronutrients. 
D)  Structurally, they are linked together. 
E)  They are not as readily available in food as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. 
A)  Some yield energy. 
B)  They help enzymes participate in the release of energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. 
C)  They are considered macronutrients. 
D)  Structurally, they are linked together. 
E)  They are not as readily available in food as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Question 7

Why is folate supplementation recommended for women 1 month before conception and during the first trimester of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes 
B)  to prevent severe morning sickness 
C)  to prevent neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, which may occur during the early weeks of pregnancy. 
D)  to help reduce the risk of iron-deficient anemia. 
E)  to help ensure a healthy maternal weight gain during pregnancy. 
A)  to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes 
B)  to prevent severe morning sickness 
C)  to prevent neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, which may occur during the early weeks of pregnancy. 
D)  to help reduce the risk of iron-deficient anemia. 
E)  to help ensure a healthy maternal weight gain during pregnancy.

Question 8

How much more available to the body is synthetic folate than naturally occurring folate?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.7 times 
B)  1.2 times 
C)  1.5 times 
D)  1.7 times 
E)  2.5 times 
A)  0.7 times 
B)  1.2 times 
C)  1.5 times 
D)  1.7 times 
E)  2.5 times

Question 9

Which of the following is true of niacin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Large doses of the nicotinic acid form can raise HDL cholesterol. 
B)  Large doses of the nicotinic acid form can raise LDL cholesterol. 
C)  Treatment for the deficiency disease, pellagra, often includes supplements of the amino acid leucine. 
D)  Toxicity is unknown. 
E)  High doses can treat liver diseases. 
A)  Large doses of the nicotinic acid form can raise HDL cholesterol. 
B)  Large doses of the nicotinic acid form can raise LDL cholesterol. 
C)  Treatment for the deficiency disease, pellagra, often includes supplements of the amino acid leucine. 
D)  Toxicity is unknown. 
E)  High doses can treat liver diseases.

Question 10

Why is milk sold in cardboard or opaque plastic containers, instead of clear glass bottles?

Accepted Answer

A)  to prevent the amino acid content from being destroyed by UV light 
B)  to prevent vitamin A from being destroyed by UV light 
C)  to prevent thiamin from being destroyed by UV light 
D)  to prevent riboflavin from being destroyed by UV light 
E)  to prevent vitamin C from being destroyed by UV light 
A)  to prevent the amino acid content from being destroyed by UV light 
B)  to prevent vitamin A from being destroyed by UV light 
C)  to prevent thiamin from being destroyed by UV light 
D)  to prevent riboflavin from being destroyed by UV light 
E)  to prevent vitamin C from being destroyed by UV light

Question 11

What is the main cause of vitamin B  12  deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  inadequate intake 
B)  poor absorption 
C)  impaired folate metabolism 
D)  excessive intrinsic factor 
E)  weight loss 
A)  inadequate intake 
B)  poor absorption 
C)  impaired folate metabolism 
D)  excessive intrinsic factor 
E)  weight loss

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of folate?

Accepted Answer

A)  It comes in two forms. 
B)  It is involved in DNA synthesis. 
C)  Its bioavailability is the same whatever the source. 
D)  It is involved in converting vitamin B  12  to one of its coenzyme forms. 
E)  It regenerates the amino acid methionine from homocysteine. 
A)  It comes in two forms. 
B)  It is involved in DNA synthesis. 
C)  Its bioavailability is the same whatever the source. 
D)  It is involved in converting vitamin B  12  to one of its coenzyme forms. 
E)  It regenerates the amino acid methionine from homocysteine.

Question 13

Which group is more prone to vitamin B  12  deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  older adults 
B)  teenagers 
C)  infants 
D)  cigarette smokers 
E)  athletes 
A)  older adults 
B)  teenagers 
C)  infants 
D)  cigarette smokers 
E)  athletes

Question 14

High intakes of folate can mask a deficiency of which nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A)  iron 
B)  vitamin A 
C)  thiamin 
D)  potassium 
E)  vitamin B  12  
A)  iron 
B)  vitamin A 
C)  thiamin 
D)  potassium 
E)  vitamin B  12

Question 15

Which of the following vitamins is known to be toxic in large doses?

Accepted Answer

A)  niacin 
B)  biotin 
C)  riboflavin 
D)  vitamin B  12  
E)  thiamin 
A)  niacin 
B)  biotin 
C)  riboflavin 
D)  vitamin B  12  
E)  thiamin

Question 16

Fortification of grain products with folate has helped reduce the prevalence rate of neural tube defects, as well as the prevalence of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  heart attacks 
B)  macrocytic anemia 
C)  strokes 
D)  some cancers 
E)  blood clots 
A)  heart attacks 
B)  macrocytic anemia 
C)  strokes 
D)  some cancers 
E)  blood clots

Question 17

A deficiency of riboflavin can cause a disease known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  riboflavinosis 
B)  ariboflavinosis 
C)  pernicious anemia 
D)  pellagra 
E)  beriberi 
A)  riboflavinosis 
B)  ariboflavinosis 
C)  pernicious anemia 
D)  pellagra 
E)  beriberi

Question 18

Of these foods, which is the best source of niacin?

Accepted Answer

A)  carrots 
B)  broccoli 
C)  chicken breast 
D)  strawberries 
E)  oranges 
A)  carrots 
B)  broccoli 
C)  chicken breast 
D)  strawberries 
E)  oranges

Question 19

Which of the following is true of vitamin B  6  ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toxicity is unknown. 
B)  Deficiency is unknown. 
C)  It occurs in three forms. 
D)  It is stable in heat. 
E)  Larger doses can enhance muscle strength. 
A)  Toxicity is unknown. 
B)  Deficiency is unknown. 
C)  It occurs in three forms. 
D)  It is stable in heat. 
E)  Larger doses can enhance muscle strength.

Question 20

The RDA for vitamin C _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is the same for men and women 
B)  can be met in one serving of many fruits and vegetables 
C)  is 60 milligrams a day for women 
D)  is based on iron requirements 
E)  is slightly lower for cigarette smokers 
A)  is the same for men and women 
B)  can be met in one serving of many fruits and vegetables 
C)  is 60 milligrams a day for women 
D)  is based on iron requirements 
E)  is slightly lower for cigarette smokers

Exam 10: The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

What is meant by the bioavailability of a vitamin? How is it determined?

Of these foods, which has the greatest vitamin B 12 bioavailability?

Describe the roles that vitamin C performs-or may perform-in the body.

What is "niacin flush"?

Riboflavin is similar to thiamin in that _____.

Which of the following functions is true of vitamins in general?

Why is folate supplementation recommended for women 1 month before conception and during the first trimester of pregnancy?

How much more available to the body is synthetic folate than naturally occurring folate?

Which of the following is true of niacin?

Why is milk sold in cardboard or opaque plastic containers, instead of clear glass bottles?

What is the main cause of vitamin B 12 deficiency?

Which of the following is NOT true of folate?

Which group is more prone to vitamin B 12 deficiency?

High intakes of folate can mask a deficiency of which nutrient?

Which of the following vitamins is known to be toxic in large doses?

Fortification of grain products with folate has helped reduce the prevalence rate of neural tube defects, as well as the prevalence of _______.

A deficiency of riboflavin can cause a disease known as __________.

Of these foods, which is the best source of niacin?

Which of the following is true of vitamin B 6 ?

The RDA for vitamin C _____.

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

Filters

Of these foods, which has the greatest vitamin B ₁₂ bioavailability?

What is the main cause of vitamin B ₁₂ deficiency?

Which group is more prone to vitamin B ₁₂ deficiency?

Which of the following is true of vitamin B ₆ ?