Question 1

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to perform DNA sequencing reactions. In this case, are two primers (a forward and a reverse) necessary?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes-you can't perform PCR without two specific primers to amplify the region in question in the DNA. 
B)  No-dideoxynucleotide sequencing depends on different length fragments being formed and then separated based on size. This can take place with only a specific forward OR a specific reverse primer. 
C)  No-you actually need a primer pair for each round of DNA amplification ... so you'll need many, many primer pairs, depending how many rounds you plan to do. 
D)  Yes-and it will be important to make sure that the primer pairs are made with dideoxynucleotides that are labeled with fluorescent dyes. Otherwise, you won't be able to detect the fragments that are made in the PCR process. 
E)  Yes-if you only have one primer, you will only be able to determine the dideoxynucleotide sequence of RNA, which is a single-stranded molecule. 
A)  Yes-you can't perform PCR without two specific primers to amplify the region in question in the DNA. 
B)  No-dideoxynucleotide sequencing depends on different length fragments being formed and then separated based on size. This can take place with only a specific forward OR a specific reverse primer. 
C)  No-you actually need a primer pair for each round of DNA amplification ... so you'll need many, many primer pairs, depending how many rounds you plan to do. 
D)  Yes-and it will be important to make sure that the primer pairs are made with dideoxynucleotides that are labeled with fluorescent dyes. Otherwise, you won't be able to detect the fragments that are made in the PCR process. 
E)  Yes-if you only have one primer, you will only be able to determine the dideoxynucleotide sequence of RNA, which is a single-stranded molecule.

Question 2

In order to get around the lack of ability of prokaryotes to remove introns from precursor RNA, it may be necessary to

Accepted Answer

A)  use the DNA directly. 
B)  use the DNA after it has been processed. 
C)  use different promoters. 
D)  generate cDNA from mRNA. 
E)  turn cDNA into mRNA. 
A)  use the DNA directly. 
B)  use the DNA after it has been processed. 
C)  use different promoters. 
D)  generate cDNA from mRNA. 
E)  turn cDNA into mRNA.

Question 3

Vectors must have at least one restriction enzyme recognition site.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

PCR is useful for amplifying a particular section of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT True about laboratory strains of E. coli being desirable hosts for genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli is fastidious but can usually be grown in the lab. 
B)  The genetics of E. coli is very well known. 
C)  E. coli is especially able to express foreign genes. 
D)  E. coli has known phenotypic characteristics. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  E. coli is fastidious but can usually be grown in the lab. 
B)  The genetics of E. coli is very well known. 
C)  E. coli is especially able to express foreign genes. 
D)  E. coli has known phenotypic characteristics. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 6

Dideoxynucleotides

Accepted Answer

A)  are useful in nucleic acid sequencing AND have two additional hydroxyl groups at the 2' and 3' carbons. 
B)  are useful in nucleic acid sequencing AND act as chain terminators. 
C)  act as chain initiators AND have two additional hydroxyl groups at the 2' and 3' carbons. 
D)  act as chain initiators AND are useful in nucleic acid sequencing. 
E)  are useful in generating proteins AND act as chain terminators. 
A)  are useful in nucleic acid sequencing AND have two additional hydroxyl groups at the 2' and 3' carbons. 
B)  are useful in nucleic acid sequencing AND act as chain terminators. 
C)  act as chain initiators AND have two additional hydroxyl groups at the 2' and 3' carbons. 
D)  act as chain initiators AND are useful in nucleic acid sequencing. 
E)  are useful in generating proteins AND act as chain terminators.

Question 7

Genetically modified food has raised some concerns because

Accepted Answer

A)  it contains radioactive nucleic acids. 
B)  it contains very dangerous allergens. 
C)  it releases radioactivity into the environment. 
D)  the modified DNA may transfer to other organisms. 
E)  All of these are valid concerns. 
A)  it contains radioactive nucleic acids. 
B)  it contains very dangerous allergens. 
C)  it releases radioactivity into the environment. 
D)  the modified DNA may transfer to other organisms. 
E)  All of these are valid concerns.

Question 8

HPV is a DNA virus and can be detected in a sample using PCR. Is it possible to detect an RNA virus using this technique or something similar?

Accepted Answer

A)  No; there is no known process by which RNA can be copied because the subunits of RNA are amino acids and these cannot be amplified without the use of ribosomes. 
B)  Yes; a variation of PCR is RT-PCR in which an enzyme called reverse transcriptase generates cDNA from mRNA in a sample, and that cDNA is then amplified exponentially. 
C)  Yes; Taq polymerase is a unique DNA polymerase that can copy either RNA or DNA, so it doesn't matter what type of virus is present-the enzyme will still detect it in a PCR reaction. 
D)  No; PCR can only be carried out on a double-stranded molecule such as DNA, and RNA is a single-stranded molecule. 
E)  There is no answer to this question because nobody has ever tried to amplify RNA; viruses contain both DNA and RNA so it is always possible to detect the DNA component. 
A)  No; there is no known process by which RNA can be copied because the subunits of RNA are amino acids and these cannot be amplified without the use of ribosomes. 
B)  Yes; a variation of PCR is RT-PCR in which an enzyme called reverse transcriptase generates cDNA from mRNA in a sample, and that cDNA is then amplified exponentially. 
C)  Yes; Taq polymerase is a unique DNA polymerase that can copy either RNA or DNA, so it doesn't matter what type of virus is present-the enzyme will still detect it in a PCR reaction. 
D)  No; PCR can only be carried out on a double-stranded molecule such as DNA, and RNA is a single-stranded molecule. 
E)  There is no answer to this question because nobody has ever tried to amplify RNA; viruses contain both DNA and RNA so it is always possible to detect the DNA component.

Question 9

Scientists have cloned the human insulin gene into E. coli. Which of the following would NOT have been used in the procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  A plasmid 
B)  Competent bacteria 
C)  A restriction enzyme 
D)  DNA ligase 
E)  A bacteriophage 
A)  A plasmid 
B)  Competent bacteria 
C)  A restriction enzyme 
D)  DNA ligase 
E)  A bacteriophage

Question 10

In a FISH experiment, what would happen if unbound probe was not washed off?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nothing-it's not necessary to wash off the unbound probe and doing so just adds an extra step to the procedure. 
B)  You would get False-positive results in different areas where the probe hadn't actually bound, but it was still sitting there and lighting up. 
C)  Your FISH would be floating at the top of the tank due to the toxicity of the probe building up within them. 
D)  Nothing-the target nucleotide sequences are labeled, not the probe. Therefore, excess unbound probe wouldn't matter for the experiment. 
E)  You would get an intermediate color on the array because of the presence of both bound and unbound probes that fluoresce at different temperatures. 
A)  Nothing-it's not necessary to wash off the unbound probe and doing so just adds an extra step to the procedure. 
B)  You would get False-positive results in different areas where the probe hadn't actually bound, but it was still sitting there and lighting up. 
C)  Your FISH would be floating at the top of the tank due to the toxicity of the probe building up within them. 
D)  Nothing-the target nucleotide sequences are labeled, not the probe. Therefore, excess unbound probe wouldn't matter for the experiment. 
E)  You would get an intermediate color on the array because of the presence of both bound and unbound probes that fluoresce at different temperatures.

Question 11

A dye often used for its ease and sensitivity to visualize nucleic acid after agarose gel electrophoresis is

Accepted Answer

A)  nigrosin. 
B)  malachite green. 
C)  gold oxide. 
D)  ethidium bromide. 
E)  crystal violet. 
A)  nigrosin. 
B)  malachite green. 
C)  gold oxide. 
D)  ethidium bromide. 
E)  crystal violet.

Question 12

Human DNA cut with restriction enzyme A can be joined to

Accepted Answer

A)  uncut human DNA. 
B)  uncut bacterial DNA. 
C)  bacterial DNA cut with restriction enzyme H. 
D)  bacterial DNA cut with restriction enzyme A. 
E)  bacterial DNA cut with a human restriction enzyme. 
A)  uncut human DNA. 
B)  uncut bacterial DNA. 
C)  bacterial DNA cut with restriction enzyme H. 
D)  bacterial DNA cut with restriction enzyme A. 
E)  bacterial DNA cut with a human restriction enzyme.

Question 13

The polymerase chain reaction is used to duplicate small sections of

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA. 
B)  RNA. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  lipopolysaccharides. 
A)  DNA. 
B)  RNA. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  lipopolysaccharides.

Question 14

DNA molecules that contain pieces of DNA from two different sources are defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  biotechnology. 
B)  gene cloning. 
C)  recombinant DNA. 
D)  genetic engineering. 
E)  mutation. 
A)  biotechnology. 
B)  gene cloning. 
C)  recombinant DNA. 
D)  genetic engineering. 
E)  mutation.

Question 15

Taq polymerase is

Accepted Answer

A)  a reverse transcriptase. 
B)  an RNA polymerase. 
C)  an enzyme from Escherichia coli. 
D)  a heat-stable DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus. 
E)  an RNA polymerase AND an enzyme from Escherichia coli. 
A)  a reverse transcriptase. 
B)  an RNA polymerase. 
C)  an enzyme from Escherichia coli. 
D)  a heat-stable DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus. 
E)  an RNA polymerase AND an enzyme from Escherichia coli.

Question 16

Which of the following genera has proved useful for manipulating plant cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia 
B)  Bacillus 
C)  Agrobacterium 
D)  Pseudomonas 
E)  Rhizobium 
A)  Escherichia 
B)  Bacillus 
C)  Agrobacterium 
D)  Pseudomonas 
E)  Rhizobium

Question 17

You are examining the DNA profile of an unknown pathogen. The pathogen's DNA has been digested with EcoRI restriction enzyme. There are 7 bands on DNA on the gel. Which of the following is NOT True?

Accepted Answer

A)  The original piece of DNA has seven EcoRI restriction sites. 
B)  The original piece of DNA has six EcoRI restriction sites. 
C)  The DNA has not been completely restricted. 
D)  The restriction enzyme has been denatured. 
E)  The restriction enzyme EcoRI was isolated from E. coli. 
A)  The original piece of DNA has seven EcoRI restriction sites. 
B)  The original piece of DNA has six EcoRI restriction sites. 
C)  The DNA has not been completely restricted. 
D)  The restriction enzyme has been denatured. 
E)  The restriction enzyme EcoRI was isolated from E. coli.

Question 18

A danger in using E. coli in cloning is that

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli could cause disease. 
B)  the outer membrane is toxic to humans. 
C)  the human cells may reject the insertion. 
D)  the exons may invert the introns. 
E)  working with E. coli requires a BSL3 laboratory. 
A)  E. coli could cause disease. 
B)  the outer membrane is toxic to humans. 
C)  the human cells may reject the insertion. 
D)  the exons may invert the introns. 
E)  working with E. coli requires a BSL3 laboratory.

Question 19

Starting with a single piece of dsDNA, after 3 PCR cycles there are

Accepted Answer

A)  2 additional pieces of dsDNA. 
B)  4 additional pieces of dsDNA. 
C)  8 additional pieces of dsDNA. 
D)  16 additional pieces of dsDNA. 
E)  1 additional piece of dsDNA. 
A)  2 additional pieces of dsDNA. 
B)  4 additional pieces of dsDNA. 
C)  8 additional pieces of dsDNA. 
D)  16 additional pieces of dsDNA. 
E)  1 additional piece of dsDNA.

Question 20

The molecules used to cut target DNA in genetic engineering are

Accepted Answer

A)  exonucleases. 
B)  restriction enzymes. 
C)  proteases. 
D)  RNA polymerases. 
E)  DNA ligases. 
A)  exonucleases. 
B)  restriction enzymes. 
C)  proteases. 
D)  RNA polymerases. 
E)  DNA ligases.

Exam 9: Biotechnology

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to perform DNA sequencing reactions. In this case, are two primers (a forward and a reverse) necessary?

In order to get around the lack of ability of prokaryotes to remove introns from precursor RNA, it may be necessary to

Vectors must have at least one restriction enzyme recognition site.

PCR is useful for amplifying a particular section of DNA.

Which of the following is NOT True about laboratory strains of E. coli being desirable hosts for genetic engineering?

Dideoxynucleotides

Genetically modified food has raised some concerns because

HPV is a DNA virus and can be detected in a sample using PCR. Is it possible to detect an RNA virus using this technique or something similar?

Scientists have cloned the human insulin gene into E. coli. Which of the following would NOT have been used in the procedure?

In a FISH experiment, what would happen if unbound probe was not washed off?

A dye often used for its ease and sensitivity to visualize nucleic acid after agarose gel electrophoresis is

Human DNA cut with restriction enzyme A can be joined to

The polymerase chain reaction is used to duplicate small sections of

DNA molecules that contain pieces of DNA from two different sources are defined as

Taq polymerase is

Which of the following genera has proved useful for manipulating plant cells?

You are examining the DNA profile of an unknown pathogen. The pathogen's DNA has been digested with EcoRI restriction enzyme. There are 7 bands on DNA on the gel. Which of the following is NOT True?

A danger in using E. coli in cloning is that

Starting with a single piece of dsDNA, after 3 PCR cycles there are

The molecules used to cut target DNA in genetic engineering are

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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