Question 1

Feedback inhibition

Accepted Answer

A)  is a way of regulating the amount of product produced. 
B)  rarely involves the use of allosteric enzymes. 
C)  involves inhibiting the last of a series of reactions. 
D)  results in raising the activation energy for the reaction. 
E)  is only observed in bacteria. 
A)  is a way of regulating the amount of product produced. 
B)  rarely involves the use of allosteric enzymes. 
C)  involves inhibiting the last of a series of reactions. 
D)  results in raising the activation energy for the reaction. 
E)  is only observed in bacteria.

Question 2

Pyruvate can be metabolized along two major routes. They are

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation and reduction. 
B)  fermentation and respiration. 
C)  metabolism and anabolism. 
D)  anabolism and catabolism. 
E)  fermentation and oxidation. 
A)  oxidation and reduction. 
B)  fermentation and respiration. 
C)  metabolism and anabolism. 
D)  anabolism and catabolism. 
E)  fermentation and oxidation.

Question 3

Which is (are) True of coenzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are organic molecules. 
B)  They transfer atoms from one molecule to another. 
C)  They may bind to a number of different enzymes. 
D)  They are synthesized from vitamins. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  They are organic molecules. 
B)  They transfer atoms from one molecule to another. 
C)  They may bind to a number of different enzymes. 
D)  They are synthesized from vitamins. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 4

Fermentation is sometimes used as a means of slowing food spoilage. Why would fermentation lead to this outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fermentation is THE process that directly reduces sugars in food. Without sugars, bacteria cannot grow and spoil the food. 
B)  Fermentation will lead to production of high levels of ethanol (95% or higher)-ethanol will kill bacteria. 
C)  Fermentation will lead to production of acidic by-products, dropping the pH of the food below a level that bacteria can tolerate. 
D)  This is a trick question-fermentation actually IS food spoilage and cannot be used to prevent it under any circumstances. 
E)  Fermentation will lead to production of acidic by-products, raising the pH of the food above a level that bacteria can tolerate. 
A)  Fermentation is THE process that directly reduces sugars in food. Without sugars, bacteria cannot grow and spoil the food. 
B)  Fermentation will lead to production of high levels of ethanol (95% or higher)-ethanol will kill bacteria. 
C)  Fermentation will lead to production of acidic by-products, dropping the pH of the food below a level that bacteria can tolerate. 
D)  This is a trick question-fermentation actually IS food spoilage and cannot be used to prevent it under any circumstances. 
E)  Fermentation will lead to production of acidic by-products, raising the pH of the food above a level that bacteria can tolerate.

Question 5

The sugar component of RNA and DNA nucleotides is synthesized

Accepted Answer

A)  as deoxyribose and then changed to ribose. 
B)  as ribose and then changed to deoxyribose. 
C)  as ribose and then changed to riboxy. 
D)  using the Calvin cycle. 
E)  as deoxyribose and then changed to deboxy. 
A)  as deoxyribose and then changed to ribose. 
B)  as ribose and then changed to deoxyribose. 
C)  as ribose and then changed to riboxy. 
D)  using the Calvin cycle. 
E)  as deoxyribose and then changed to deboxy.

Question 6

Which is (are) True regarding organic acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are weak acids. 
B)  They are often involved in metabolic reactions. 
C)  They often exist in the ionized form at the near-neutral pH found in a cell. 
D)  Pyruvate and pyruvic acid refer to different forms of the same substance. 
E)  All of the answer choices are True. 
A)  They are weak acids. 
B)  They are often involved in metabolic reactions. 
C)  They often exist in the ionized form at the near-neutral pH found in a cell. 
D)  Pyruvate and pyruvic acid refer to different forms of the same substance. 
E)  All of the answer choices are True.

Question 7

The use of the suffix "ase" on a word denotes a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate. 
B)  product. 
C)  enzyme. 
D)  electron acceptor. 
E)  substrate AND electron acceptor. 
A)  substrate. 
B)  product. 
C)  enzyme. 
D)  electron acceptor. 
E)  substrate AND electron acceptor.

Question 8

The energy yield of any energy-transforming pathway

Accepted Answer

A)  is always fixed, despite the removal of precursor metabolites for biosynthesis. 
B)  is variable depending on the type of enzymes used. 
C)  is variable depending on the amount of precursor metabolites removed for biosynthesis. 
D)  is fixed by the amount of oxygen available. 
E)  is fixed by the amount of carbon dioxide available. 
A)  is always fixed, despite the removal of precursor metabolites for biosynthesis. 
B)  is variable depending on the type of enzymes used. 
C)  is variable depending on the amount of precursor metabolites removed for biosynthesis. 
D)  is fixed by the amount of oxygen available. 
E)  is fixed by the amount of carbon dioxide available.

Question 9

Each of the following statements about chemoorganotrophs is True EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  they may use substrate-level phosphorylation to produce ATP. 
B)  they may use oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP. 
C)  they may use photophosphorylation to produce ATP. 
D)  they obtain energy by degrading organic compounds. 
E)  they generally rely on the metabolic activities of photosynthetic organisms. 
A)  they may use substrate-level phosphorylation to produce ATP. 
B)  they may use oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP. 
C)  they may use photophosphorylation to produce ATP. 
D)  they obtain energy by degrading organic compounds. 
E)  they generally rely on the metabolic activities of photosynthetic organisms.

Question 10

The cellular process directly impacted in muscle cells of people with mitochondrial disease is

Accepted Answer

A)  protein synthesis. 
B)  DNA replication. 
C)  transcription. 
D)  aerobic respiration. 
E)  fermentation. 
A)  protein synthesis. 
B)  DNA replication. 
C)  transcription. 
D)  aerobic respiration. 
E)  fermentation.

Question 11

A worker in a cheese-making facility argued that whey, a nutrient-rich by-product of the process, should be dumped into a nearby pond to serve as fish food. Is this a good idea or a bad one, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  It's a great idea! Let's feed the fish and help them multiply! In fact, other organisms could also benefit from this approach. 
B)  Bad idea-the fish won't be able to eat the whey, so it will sit there rotting and pollute the waters, making them uninhabitable for the fish. 
C)  Bad idea-bacteria would thrive on this rich nutrient source and multiply, using the oxygen in the water to harvest the energy from the whey. Without the oxygen, the fish will die. 
D)  Great idea! This will not only feed the fish, but also microbes and other small organisms. It'll enhance the entire food chain and help all of them! 
E)  Bad idea-whey stimulates the growth of any pathogenic bacteria in water; these pathogens will then infect and kill all the fish in the pond. 
A)  It's a great idea! Let's feed the fish and help them multiply! In fact, other organisms could also benefit from this approach. 
B)  Bad idea-the fish won't be able to eat the whey, so it will sit there rotting and pollute the waters, making them uninhabitable for the fish. 
C)  Bad idea-bacteria would thrive on this rich nutrient source and multiply, using the oxygen in the water to harvest the energy from the whey. Without the oxygen, the fish will die. 
D)  Great idea! This will not only feed the fish, but also microbes and other small organisms. It'll enhance the entire food chain and help all of them! 
E)  Bad idea-whey stimulates the growth of any pathogenic bacteria in water; these pathogens will then infect and kill all the fish in the pond.

Question 12

Which is False regarding glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It yields ATP. 
B)  It is an anaerobic process. 
C)  The end product is acetyl-CoA. 
D)  It occurs during fermentation. 
E)  ATP is used. 
A)  It yields ATP. 
B)  It is an anaerobic process. 
C)  The end product is acetyl-CoA. 
D)  It occurs during fermentation. 
E)  ATP is used.

Question 13

You tell your patient's parents that muscle weakness is frequently a sign of mitochondrial disease because

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle cells require a lot of energy, which is provided by the many mitochondria within these cells. 
B)  muscles require a lot of energy which is provided by the mitochondrial DNA of the red blood cells. 
C)  people with mitochondrial disease seldom eat sufficient protein to fuel the mitochondria. 
D)  the diseased mitochondria release toxins into the muscles of the affected people, weakening them. 
E)  the diseased mitochondria consume all the energy that is supposed to be directed to the muscle cells. 
A)  muscle cells require a lot of energy, which is provided by the many mitochondria within these cells. 
B)  muscles require a lot of energy which is provided by the mitochondrial DNA of the red blood cells. 
C)  people with mitochondrial disease seldom eat sufficient protein to fuel the mitochondria. 
D)  the diseased mitochondria release toxins into the muscles of the affected people, weakening them. 
E)  the diseased mitochondria consume all the energy that is supposed to be directed to the muscle cells.

Question 14

The name given to the reaction involving removal of electrons or hydrogen atoms from a compound is

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis. 
B)  oxidation. 
C)  reduction. 
D)  metabolism. 
E)  respiration. 
A)  glycolysis. 
B)  oxidation. 
C)  reduction. 
D)  metabolism. 
E)  respiration.

Question 15

The transition step

Accepted Answer

A)  links glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway. 
B)  links the pentose phosphate pathway to the electron transport chain. 
C)  links glycolysis to the TCA cycle. 
D)  takes place in the matrix of the nucleus. 
E)  links the TCA cycle to fermentation. 
A)  links glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway. 
B)  links the pentose phosphate pathway to the electron transport chain. 
C)  links glycolysis to the TCA cycle. 
D)  takes place in the matrix of the nucleus. 
E)  links the TCA cycle to fermentation.

Question 16

Most enzymes

Accepted Answer

A)  are generic, typically recognizing a number of different substrates. 
B)  are specific, typically recognizing a single or a few substrates. 
C)  are active over a wide pH range. 
D)  are active over a wide temperature range. 
E)  are unaffected by heat or acidity. 
A)  are generic, typically recognizing a number of different substrates. 
B)  are specific, typically recognizing a single or a few substrates. 
C)  are active over a wide pH range. 
D)  are active over a wide temperature range. 
E)  are unaffected by heat or acidity.

Question 17

Free energy

Accepted Answer

A)  is the amount of energy gained by breaking bonds of a chemical. 
B)  includes the energy lost as heat. 
C)  differs for a given reaction depending on the number of steps involved. 
D)  always results in a decrease in total energy. 
E)  is the amount of energy lost by breaking bonds of a chemical. 
A)  is the amount of energy gained by breaking bonds of a chemical. 
B)  includes the energy lost as heat. 
C)  differs for a given reaction depending on the number of steps involved. 
D)  always results in a decrease in total energy. 
E)  is the amount of energy lost by breaking bonds of a chemical.

Question 18

Which of the statements about catabolism and anabolism is True?

Accepted Answer

A)  They refer only to the reactions dealing involved in the metabolism of lipids. 
B)  The intermediates of catabolism serve as products in anabolism. 
C)  The energy gathered during catabolism is used during anabolism. 
D)  They refer only to the reactions involved in carbohydrate synthesis. 
E)  The energy gathered during anabolism is used during catabolism. 
A)  They refer only to the reactions dealing involved in the metabolism of lipids. 
B)  The intermediates of catabolism serve as products in anabolism. 
C)  The energy gathered during catabolism is used during anabolism. 
D)  They refer only to the reactions involved in carbohydrate synthesis. 
E)  The energy gathered during anabolism is used during catabolism.

Question 19

The electron transport system

Accepted Answer

A)  requires a membrane AND requires mitochondria and ribosomes. 
B)  uses the nuclear membrane of eukaryotes AND generates a concentration gradient of protons. 
C)  requires a membrane AND generates a concentration gradient of protons. 
D)  uses the mitochondrial membrane of prokaryotes AND generates a concentration gradient of protons. 
E)  requires mitochondria and ribosomes AND generates a concentration gradient of protons. 
A)  requires a membrane AND requires mitochondria and ribosomes. 
B)  uses the nuclear membrane of eukaryotes AND generates a concentration gradient of protons. 
C)  requires a membrane AND generates a concentration gradient of protons. 
D)  uses the mitochondrial membrane of prokaryotes AND generates a concentration gradient of protons. 
E)  requires mitochondria and ribosomes AND generates a concentration gradient of protons.

Question 20

Experiments designed by ________ suggested that living cells caused the fermentation of sugar to produce alcohol.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pasteur 
B)  Koch 
C)  Wohler 
D)  Fleming 
E)  Jenner 
A)  Pasteur 
B)  Koch 
C)  Wohler 
D)  Fleming 
E)  Jenner

Exam 6: Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

Feedback inhibition

Pyruvate can be metabolized along two major routes. They are

Which is (are) True of coenzymes?

Fermentation is sometimes used as a means of slowing food spoilage. Why would fermentation lead to this outcome?

The sugar component of RNA and DNA nucleotides is synthesized

Which is (are) True regarding organic acids?

The use of the suffix "ase" on a word denotes a(n)

The energy yield of any energy-transforming pathway

Each of the following statements about chemoorganotrophs is True EXCEPT

The cellular process directly impacted in muscle cells of people with mitochondrial disease is

A worker in a cheese-making facility argued that whey, a nutrient-rich by-product of the process, should be dumped into a nearby pond to serve as fish food. Is this a good idea or a bad one, and why?

Which is False regarding glycolysis?

You tell your patient's parents that muscle weakness is frequently a sign of mitochondrial disease because

The name given to the reaction involving removal of electrons or hydrogen atoms from a compound is

The transition step

Most enzymes

Free energy

Which of the statements about catabolism and anabolism is True?

The electron transport system

Experiments designed by ________ suggested that living cells caused the fermentation of sugar to produce alcohol.

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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