Question 1

Enzymes speed up reactions by

Accepted Answer

A)  raising activation energy. 
B)  producing heat. 
C)  reducing entropy. 
D)  lowering activation energy. 
E)  electron carriers. 
A)  raising activation energy. 
B)  producing heat. 
C)  reducing entropy. 
D)  lowering activation energy. 
E)  electron carriers.

Question 2

In the phototrophic production of energy, the oxygen originates from

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  water. 
C)  glucose. 
D)  hydrogen peroxide. 
E)  sulfates. 
A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  water. 
C)  glucose. 
D)  hydrogen peroxide. 
E)  sulfates.

Question 3

The production of ATP via the electron transport system, in either eukaryotes or prokaryotes, requires the use of a membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Fermentation

Accepted Answer

A)  uses an inorganic molecule as the final electron acceptor. 
B)  uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor. 
C)  results in the production of a large amount of ATP. 
D)  is necessary in some organisms to produce reduced electron carriers. 
E)  uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor AND is necessary in some organisms to produce reduced electron carriers. 
A)  uses an inorganic molecule as the final electron acceptor. 
B)  uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor. 
C)  results in the production of a large amount of ATP. 
D)  is necessary in some organisms to produce reduced electron carriers. 
E)  uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor AND is necessary in some organisms to produce reduced electron carriers.

Question 5

In Gram-negative bacteria, the electron transport chain involved in respiration is located in the lipopolysaccharide layer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Bacteria that can absorb light energy and convert it into ATP are commonly called

Accepted Answer

A)  cytotrophs. 
B)  metatrophs. 
C)  chemotrophs. 
D)  phototrophs. 
E)  cytochromes AND chemotrophs. 
A)  cytotrophs. 
B)  metatrophs. 
C)  chemotrophs. 
D)  phototrophs. 
E)  cytochromes AND chemotrophs.

Question 7

Chemolithotrophs near hydrothermal vents support a variety of life forms. Why is this analogous to photosynthetic microbes supporting life forms closer to the surface of the planet?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because all life forms need some energy source, electron source, and carbon source. Chemolithotrophs fix inorganic carbon and, if consumed by other microbes, could serve as sources for all three requirements for life. This is very similar to the role that photosynthetic microbes play in the top levels of the oceans/lakes. 
B)  Because chemolithotrophs will also use energy from sunlight to form their sugars/get their chemical energy...much like photosynthetic microbes. 
C)  Because chemolithotrophs also pull in carbon dioxide as their carbon source, just like photosynthetic microbes. 
D)  Because photosynthetic microbes use heat energy from the sun as an energy source. Chemolithotrophs use heat energy from hydrothermal vents, but it's still heat energy. This makes both microbes similar. 
E)  Because chemolithotrophs are also photosynthetic. They use the thermal energy from the vent to generate glucose from the ocean water around them. This glucose is then used by all the other organisms in the environment to support their growth. 
A)  Because all life forms need some energy source, electron source, and carbon source. Chemolithotrophs fix inorganic carbon and, if consumed by other microbes, could serve as sources for all three requirements for life. This is very similar to the role that photosynthetic microbes play in the top levels of the oceans/lakes. 
B)  Because chemolithotrophs will also use energy from sunlight to form their sugars/get their chemical energy...much like photosynthetic microbes. 
C)  Because chemolithotrophs also pull in carbon dioxide as their carbon source, just like photosynthetic microbes. 
D)  Because photosynthetic microbes use heat energy from the sun as an energy source. Chemolithotrophs use heat energy from hydrothermal vents, but it's still heat energy. This makes both microbes similar. 
E)  Because chemolithotrophs are also photosynthetic. They use the thermal energy from the vent to generate glucose from the ocean water around them. This glucose is then used by all the other organisms in the environment to support their growth.

Question 8

Cells must secrete enzymes that degrade macromolecules into their subunits before they can use these compounds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Environmental factors that may affect enzyme activity include

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature. 
B)  pH. 
C)  salt. 
D)  temperature, pH, AND salt. 
E)  None of the answer choices is correct. 
A)  temperature. 
B)  pH. 
C)  salt. 
D)  temperature, pH, AND salt. 
E)  None of the answer choices is correct.

Question 10

In the electron transport system

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH and FADH₂ both donate electrons at the same location. 
B)  NADH donates electrons "upstream" of where FADH₂ donates electrons. 
C)  NAD donates electrons at the head of the chain. 
D)  NADP donates electrons in the middle of the chain. 
E)  NADP removes electrons in the middle of the chain. 
A)  NADH and FADH₂ both donate electrons at the same location. 
B)  NADH donates electrons "upstream" of where FADH₂ donates electrons. 
C)  NAD donates electrons at the head of the chain. 
D)  NADP donates electrons in the middle of the chain. 
E)  NADP removes electrons in the middle of the chain.

Question 11

Oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor in

Accepted Answer

A)  fermentation. 
B)  aerobic respiration. 
C)  anaerobic respiration. 
D)  reduction. 
E)  oxidation. 
A)  fermentation. 
B)  aerobic respiration. 
C)  anaerobic respiration. 
D)  reduction. 
E)  oxidation.

Question 12

The terminal electron acceptor in respiration may be

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD, oxygen, OR nitrate. 
B)  oxygen, nitrate, OR an inorganic molecule. 
C)  NAD, nitrate, OR an inorganic molecule. 
D)  NAD, water, OR an inorganic molecule. 
E)  an inorganic molecule, water, OR oxygen. 
A)  NAD, oxygen, OR nitrate. 
B)  oxygen, nitrate, OR an inorganic molecule. 
C)  NAD, nitrate, OR an inorganic molecule. 
D)  NAD, water, OR an inorganic molecule. 
E)  an inorganic molecule, water, OR oxygen.

Question 13

The term "precursor metabolite" refers to molecules that

Accepted Answer

A)  activate cell components. 
B)  are used in biosynthesis. 
C)  result from cell activities. 
D)  are present but inactive. 
E)  denature enzymes. 
A)  activate cell components. 
B)  are used in biosynthesis. 
C)  result from cell activities. 
D)  are present but inactive. 
E)  denature enzymes.

Question 14

Energy is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  water flowing up a dam. 
B)  the capacity to do work. 
C)  the use of high-level phosphate bonds. 
D)  the potential to fall. 
E)  the result of work. 
A)  water flowing up a dam. 
B)  the capacity to do work. 
C)  the use of high-level phosphate bonds. 
D)  the potential to fall. 
E)  the result of work.

Question 15

Your patient's parents ask you why their child's mitochondria do not function properly. You explain that one explanation is that mitochondria contain their own ________, which may contain mistakes called ________, resulting in insufficient mitochondrial activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA; missense 
B)  plasmids; mutations 
C)  normal microbiota; mutations 
D)  DNA; mutations 
E)  proteins; mismatches 
A)  DNA; missense 
B)  plasmids; mutations 
C)  normal microbiota; mutations 
D)  DNA; mutations 
E)  proteins; mismatches

Question 16

Which enzyme drives ATP synthesis in respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP synthase 
B)  ADP phosphorylase 
C)  Proton movase 
D)  Oxidoreductase 
E)  ATP dehydrogenase 
A)  ATP synthase 
B)  ADP phosphorylase 
C)  Proton movase 
D)  Oxidoreductase 
E)  ATP dehydrogenase

Question 17

The TCA cycle must "turn twice" in order to complete the oxidation of one glucose molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What happens to the carbon molecules in the pyruvic acid that goes through the TCA cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  They get incorporated into cell material. 
B)  They are excreted as waste organic acids. 
C)  They become carbon dioxide. 
D)  They form "energy storage molecules" for the cell. 
E)  They become phosphorylated. 
A)  They get incorporated into cell material. 
B)  They are excreted as waste organic acids. 
C)  They become carbon dioxide. 
D)  They form "energy storage molecules" for the cell. 
E)  They become phosphorylated.

Question 19

Tetrathionate broth is a selective, enrichment medium for S. enterica. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  This is a medium that encourages the growth of normal microbiota and reduces the growth of S. enterica. 
B)  This is a medium that inhibits the growth of some bacteria and enhances the growth of S. enterica. 
C)  This is a medium that inhibits the growth of some bacteria and in which S. enterica colonies exhibit an identifiable color. 
D)  This is a medium that facilitates the growth of all bacteria but enhances the growth of S. enterica. 
E)  This is a medium that facilitates the growth of all bacteria but in which S. enterica exhibits a noticeable color. 
A)  This is a medium that encourages the growth of normal microbiota and reduces the growth of S. enterica. 
B)  This is a medium that inhibits the growth of some bacteria and enhances the growth of S. enterica. 
C)  This is a medium that inhibits the growth of some bacteria and in which S. enterica colonies exhibit an identifiable color. 
D)  This is a medium that facilitates the growth of all bacteria but enhances the growth of S. enterica. 
E)  This is a medium that facilitates the growth of all bacteria but in which S. enterica exhibits a noticeable color.

Question 20

The general term used to describe the anabolic and catabolic reactions in a cell is

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymatic. 
B)  thematic. 
C)  aerobic respiration. 
D)  metabolism. 
E)  canabolism. 
A)  enzymatic. 
B)  thematic. 
C)  aerobic respiration. 
D)  metabolism. 
E)  canabolism.

Exam 6: Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

Enzymes speed up reactions by

In the phototrophic production of energy, the oxygen originates from

The production of ATP via the electron transport system, in either eukaryotes or prokaryotes, requires the use of a membrane.

Fermentation

In Gram-negative bacteria, the electron transport chain involved in respiration is located in the lipopolysaccharide layer.

Bacteria that can absorb light energy and convert it into ATP are commonly called

Chemolithotrophs near hydrothermal vents support a variety of life forms. Why is this analogous to photosynthetic microbes supporting life forms closer to the surface of the planet?

Cells must secrete enzymes that degrade macromolecules into their subunits before they can use these compounds.

Environmental factors that may affect enzyme activity include

In the electron transport system

Oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor in

The terminal electron acceptor in respiration may be

The term "precursor metabolite" refers to molecules that

Energy is defined as

Your patient's parents ask you why their child's mitochondria do not function properly. You explain that one explanation is that mitochondria contain their own ________, which may contain mistakes called ________, resulting in insufficient mitochondrial activity.

Which enzyme drives ATP synthesis in respiration?

The TCA cycle must "turn twice" in order to complete the oxidation of one glucose molecule.

What happens to the carbon molecules in the pyruvic acid that goes through the TCA cycle?

Tetrathionate broth is a selective, enrichment medium for S. enterica. What does this mean?

The general term used to describe the anabolic and catabolic reactions in a cell is

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

Filters

Your patient's parents ask you why their child's mitochondria do not function properly. You explain that one explanation is that mitochondria contain their own , which may contain mistakes called , resulting in insufficient mitochondrial activity.