Question 1

The first law of thermodynamics states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  all natural processes proceed in such a direction that the disorder of the universe increases. 
B)  the activation energy of chemical reactions is raised by enzymes. 
C)  energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. 
D)  ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. 
E)  ATP is the energy currency of the cell. 
A)  all natural processes proceed in such a direction that the disorder of the universe increases. 
B)  the activation energy of chemical reactions is raised by enzymes. 
C)  energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. 
D)  ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. 
E)  ATP is the energy currency of the cell.

Question 2

A metal ion can be a cofactor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

An endergonic reaction is one that releases energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In an allosteric enzyme, the substrate binds at the ______ site and the regulatory substance binds at the ______ site.

Accepted Answer

A)  active; effector 
B)  effector; active 
C)  active; inhibitor 
D)  inhibitor; active 
E)  inhibitor; effector 
A)  active; effector 
B)  effector; active 
C)  active; inhibitor 
D)  inhibitor; active 
E)  inhibitor; effector

Question 5

A coupled reaction is one in which an endergonic reaction is driven by an exergonic reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

When an enzyme is denatured it loses its shape.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An ATP molecule contains at least one phosphoester bond.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A regulatory enzyme in a metabolic pathway is most likely to be the:

Accepted Answer

A)  last enzyme in the pathway. 
B)  first enzyme in the pathway. 
C)  enzyme that catalyzes the fastest reaction in the pathway. 
D)  enyzme that binds its coenzyme the fastest. 
E)  enzyme that lacks an effector site. 
A)  last enzyme in the pathway. 
B)  first enzyme in the pathway. 
C)  enzyme that catalyzes the fastest reaction in the pathway. 
D)  enyzme that binds its coenzyme the fastest. 
E)  enzyme that lacks an effector site.

Question 9

Of the total solar energy that reaches the Earth, ______ percent is captured by the cells of photosynthetic organisms.

Accepted Answer

A)  about 50 
B)  about 20 
C)  about 10 
D)  about 5 
E)  less than 1 
A)  about 50 
B)  about 20 
C)  about 10 
D)  about 5 
E)  less than 1

Question 10

The relationship between changes in free energy, enthalpy, and entropy that occur during a reaction can be expressed by the equation: ΔG = ΔH + T ΔS.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A coenzyme is type of protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Oxidation is defined as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of electrons. 
B)  loss of protons. 
C)  loss of electrons and protons. 
D)  gain of electrons. 
E)  gain of protons. 
A)  loss of electrons. 
B)  loss of protons. 
C)  loss of electrons and protons. 
D)  gain of electrons. 
E)  gain of protons.

Question 13

According to the first law of thermodynamics, the total energy of ______ is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a system; constant 
B)  a system; changeable 
C)  the surroundings; constant 
D)  the universe; constant 
E)  the universe; changeable 
A)  a system; constant 
B)  a system; changeable 
C)  the surroundings; constant 
D)  the universe; constant 
E)  the universe; changeable

Question 14

The energy of a system is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of caloric present. 
B)  the amount of ATP present. 
C)  its capacity to do work. 
D)  the sum total of its chemical bonds. 
E)  the speed at which its atoms and molecules move. 
A)  the amount of caloric present. 
B)  the amount of ATP present. 
C)  its capacity to do work. 
D)  the sum total of its chemical bonds. 
E)  the speed at which its atoms and molecules move.

Question 15

The second law of thermodynamics states that all naturally occurring processes:

Accepted Answer

A)  are exothermic. 
B)  are endothermic. 
C)  are exergonic. 
D)  are endergonic. 
E)  proceed with an increase in entropy. 
A)  are exothermic. 
B)  are endothermic. 
C)  are exergonic. 
D)  are endergonic. 
E)  proceed with an increase in entropy.

Question 16

In a metabolic pathway, there is little accumulation of intermediate products.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

An enzyme:

Accepted Answer

A)  is typically effective only in large amounts. 
B)  is a type of carbohydrate. 
C)  raises the activation energy of its reaction. 
D)  functions as a catalyst. 
E)  is permanently altered during the course of its reaction. 
A)  is typically effective only in large amounts. 
B)  is a type of carbohydrate. 
C)  raises the activation energy of its reaction. 
D)  functions as a catalyst. 
E)  is permanently altered during the course of its reaction.

Question 18

One way of stating the second law of thermodynamics is:

Accepted Answer

A)  although energy can be changed from one form to another, it can be neither created nor destroyed. 
B)  the entropy of the universe is increasing. 
C)  free energy is equal to the total potential energy minus the entropy. 
D)  enthalpy is the total potential energy of a system. 
E)  the activation energy of a reaction is always positive. 
A)  although energy can be changed from one form to another, it can be neither created nor destroyed. 
B)  the entropy of the universe is increasing. 
C)  free energy is equal to the total potential energy minus the entropy. 
D)  enthalpy is the total potential energy of a system. 
E)  the activation energy of a reaction is always positive.

Question 19

Which statement about the reaction ATP + H2O → ADP + phosphate is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is catalyzed by an ATPase. 
B)  It releases about 7.3 kilocalories of energy per mole. 
C)  It involves the breaking of phosphoanhydride bonds. 
D)  The reactants are more stable than the products. 
E)  It is exergonic. 
A)  It is catalyzed by an ATPase. 
B)  It releases about 7.3 kilocalories of energy per mole. 
C)  It involves the breaking of phosphoanhydride bonds. 
D)  The reactants are more stable than the products. 
E)  It is exergonic.

Question 20

In an ATP molecule, phosphoanhydride bonds link:

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine to ribose. 
B)  adenine to a phosphate group. 
C)  the phosphate groups together. 
D)  ribose to a phosphate group. 
E)  the ribose groups together. 
A)  adenine to ribose. 
B)  adenine to a phosphate group. 
C)  the phosphate groups together. 
D)  ribose to a phosphate group. 
E)  the ribose groups together.

Exam 5: The Flow of Energy

The first law of thermodynamics states that:

A metal ion can be a cofactor.

An endergonic reaction is one that releases energy.

In an allosteric enzyme, the substrate binds at the ______ site and the regulatory substance binds at the ______ site.

A coupled reaction is one in which an endergonic reaction is driven by an exergonic reaction.

When an enzyme is denatured it loses its shape.

An ATP molecule contains at least one phosphoester bond.

A regulatory enzyme in a metabolic pathway is most likely to be the:

Of the total solar energy that reaches the Earth, ______ percent is captured by the cells of photosynthetic organisms.

The relationship between changes in free energy, enthalpy, and entropy that occur during a reaction can be expressed by the equation: ΔG = ΔH + T ΔS.

A coenzyme is type of protein.

Oxidation is defined as the:

According to the first law of thermodynamics, the total energy of ______ is ______.

The energy of a system is defined as:

The second law of thermodynamics states that all naturally occurring processes:

In a metabolic pathway, there is little accumulation of intermediate products.

An enzyme:

One way of stating the second law of thermodynamics is:

Which statement about the reaction ATP + H2O → ADP + phosphate is FALSE?

In an ATP molecule, phosphoanhydride bonds link:

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

In an allosteric enzyme, the substrate binds at the site and the regulatory substance binds at the site.

According to the first law of thermodynamics, the total energy of is .

Which statement about the reaction ATP + H₂O → ADP + phosphate is FALSE?