Question 1

The rate of water evaporation doubles for every _____ degree C rise in temperature.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  5 
C)  10 
D)  15 
E)  20 
A)  2 
B)  5 
C)  10 
D)  15 
E)  20

Question 2

In the process of stomatal opening, the ________ walls of the guard cells ________ relative to their common walls.

Accepted Answer

A)  inner; move inward 
B)  inner; move outward 
C)  outer; move inward 
D)  outer; move outward 
E)  outer; remain unchanged 
A)  inner; move inward 
B)  inner; move outward 
C)  outer; move inward 
D)  outer; move outward 
E)  outer; remain unchanged

Question 3

Which of the following statements about apoplastic phloem loading is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is driven by a proton gradient. 
B)  It occurs via sucrose-proton symport. 
C)  Apoplastic loaders have numerous plasmodesmatal connections. 
D)  In some cases, active transport occurs across the plasma membrane of the sieve tube. 
E)  In some cases, active transport occurs across the plasma membrane of the companion cell. 
A)  It is driven by a proton gradient. 
B)  It occurs via sucrose-proton symport. 
C)  Apoplastic loaders have numerous plasmodesmatal connections. 
D)  In some cases, active transport occurs across the plasma membrane of the sieve tube. 
E)  In some cases, active transport occurs across the plasma membrane of the companion cell.

Question 4

Water moving from the cytosol of a cortical cell directly into the cytosol of an adjacent cortical cell via plasmodesmata follows the:

Accepted Answer

A)  symplastic pathway only. 
B)  apoplastic pathway only. 
C)  transcellular pathway only. 
D)  symplastic and apoplastic pathways. 
E)  apoplastic and transcellular pathways. 
A)  symplastic pathway only. 
B)  apoplastic pathway only. 
C)  transcellular pathway only. 
D)  symplastic and apoplastic pathways. 
E)  apoplastic and transcellular pathways.

Question 5

Plants in hot climates regularly close their stomata at midday because ______ accumulates in the leaf, and the leaves become _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide; dehydrated 
B)  carbon dioxide; turgid 
C)  oxygen; dehydrated 
D)  oxygen; turgid 
E)  oxygen; depleted of carbon dioxide 
A)  carbon dioxide; dehydrated 
B)  carbon dioxide; turgid 
C)  oxygen; dehydrated 
D)  oxygen; turgid 
E)  oxygen; depleted of carbon dioxide

Question 6

Which of the following statements concerning the polymer trapping mechanism is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a type of symplastic loading. 
B)  The companion cells are intermediary cells. 
C)  Sucrose is used to synthesize polymers. 
D)  Raffinose and stachyose are actively transported into the sieve tubes. 
E)  Energy is used to create a concentration difference between the mesophyll and the phloem. 
A)  It is a type of symplastic loading. 
B)  The companion cells are intermediary cells. 
C)  Sucrose is used to synthesize polymers. 
D)  Raffinose and stachyose are actively transported into the sieve tubes. 
E)  Energy is used to create a concentration difference between the mesophyll and the phloem.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about xylem and phloem is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are closely associated spatially. 
B)  They are closely associated functionally. 
C)  They form a continuous vascular system. 
D)  They are involved in long-distance transport. 
E)  Xylem transports only water, and phloem transports only nutrients. 
A)  They are closely associated spatially. 
B)  They are closely associated functionally. 
C)  They form a continuous vascular system. 
D)  They are involved in long-distance transport. 
E)  Xylem transports only water, and phloem transports only nutrients.

Question 8

Approximately 99 percent of the water taken in by the roots is released via transpiration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Transpiration is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  flow of water through the xylem. 
B)  loss of water vapor from plants. 
C)  absorption of water by roots. 
D)  loss of carbon dioxide from leaves. 
E)  entry of carbon dioxide into leaves. 
A)  flow of water through the xylem. 
B)  loss of water vapor from plants. 
C)  absorption of water by roots. 
D)  loss of carbon dioxide from leaves. 
E)  entry of carbon dioxide into leaves.

Question 10

Even when stomata are closed, photosynthesis can occur as long as light is available.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In the process of hydraulic redistribution, leaves move water from air spaces into mesophyll cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

An ion moving across the root via the symplastic pathway would NOT pass across the:

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma membrane of the epidermis. 
B)  epidermal cell protoplast. 
C)  cell walls of the exodermis. 
D)  plasmodesmata in the epidermal-cortical cell walls. 
E)  endodermis. 
A)  plasma membrane of the epidermis. 
B)  epidermal cell protoplast. 
C)  cell walls of the exodermis. 
D)  plasmodesmata in the epidermal-cortical cell walls. 
E)  endodermis.

Question 13

As a consequence of girdling a tree:

Accepted Answer

A)  its leaves stop exporting solutes. 
B)  its leaves stop importing solutes. 
C)  the bark above the girdle swells. 
D)  the bark above the girdle dies. 
E)  the bark begins to act as a source. 
A)  its leaves stop exporting solutes. 
B)  its leaves stop importing solutes. 
C)  the bark above the girdle swells. 
D)  the bark above the girdle dies. 
E)  the bark begins to act as a source.

Question 14

All of the following can induce embolisms in a vessel or tracheid EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  an air bubble coming in contact with a torus blocking an aperture of a bordered pit-pair. 
B)  air being sucked in through a pit-membrane pore. 
C)  an insect bite that damages xylem tissue. 
D)  freezing of the xylem sap. 
E)  drought. 
A)  an air bubble coming in contact with a torus blocking an aperture of a bordered pit-pair. 
B)  air being sucked in through a pit-membrane pore. 
C)  an insect bite that damages xylem tissue. 
D)  freezing of the xylem sap. 
E)  drought.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the cohesion-tension theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  A gradient of water potential exists between the stem and the root. 
B)  Transpiration brings about a lowered water potential in the leaves. 
C)  Water in the xylem is under tension. 
D)  A gradient of water potential provides the driving force for the movement of water from the soil through the plant to the atmosphere. 
E)  Root pressure is essential to the movement of water from roots to leaves. 
A)  A gradient of water potential exists between the stem and the root. 
B)  Transpiration brings about a lowered water potential in the leaves. 
C)  Water in the xylem is under tension. 
D)  A gradient of water potential provides the driving force for the movement of water from the soil through the plant to the atmosphere. 
E)  Root pressure is essential to the movement of water from roots to leaves.

Question 16

Stomata open when the turgor pressure of the guard cells decreases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The principle solute involved in creating a water potential gradient in guard cells is:

Accepted Answer

A)  H+. 
B)  K+. 
C)  glucose. 
D)  malate. 
E)  Cl-. 
A)  H+. 
B)  K+. 
C)  glucose. 
D)  malate. 
E)  Cl-.

Question 18

Both symplastic and apoplastic loading can occur in the same species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The major difference between the symplastic and the transcellular pathways of the root is that the transcellular pathway involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmodesmata. 
B)  protoplasts. 
C)  plasma membranes. 
D)  cell walls. 
E)  vacuoles. 
A)  plasmodesmata. 
B)  protoplasts. 
C)  plasma membranes. 
D)  cell walls. 
E)  vacuoles.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of hydraulic redistribution?

Accepted Answer

A)  It prevents the dry-season transpiration of Amazonian trees. 
B)  It reduces the possibility of water logging in surface soils. 
C)  It allows mycorrhizae to persist in dry soils. 
D)  It transfers water from the wet soil surface to deep soil layers that are dry. 
E)  It makes water available to neighboring plants that are less deeply rooted. 
A)  It prevents the dry-season transpiration of Amazonian trees. 
B)  It reduces the possibility of water logging in surface soils. 
C)  It allows mycorrhizae to persist in dry soils. 
D)  It transfers water from the wet soil surface to deep soil layers that are dry. 
E)  It makes water available to neighboring plants that are less deeply rooted.

Exam 30: The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The rate of water evaporation doubles for every _____ degree C rise in temperature.

In the process of stomatal opening, the ________ walls of the guard cells ________ relative to their common walls.

Which of the following statements about apoplastic phloem loading is FALSE?

Water moving from the cytosol of a cortical cell directly into the cytosol of an adjacent cortical cell via plasmodesmata follows the:

Plants in hot climates regularly close their stomata at midday because ______ accumulates in the leaf, and the leaves become _______.

Which of the following statements concerning the polymer trapping mechanism is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about xylem and phloem is FALSE?

Approximately 99 percent of the water taken in by the roots is released via transpiration.

Transpiration is the:

Even when stomata are closed, photosynthesis can occur as long as light is available.

In the process of hydraulic redistribution, leaves move water from air spaces into mesophyll cells.

An ion moving across the root via the symplastic pathway would NOT pass across the:

As a consequence of girdling a tree:

All of the following can induce embolisms in a vessel or tracheid EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the cohesion-tension theory?

Stomata open when the turgor pressure of the guard cells decreases.

The principle solute involved in creating a water potential gradient in guard cells is:

Both symplastic and apoplastic loading can occur in the same species.

The major difference between the symplastic and the transcellular pathways of the root is that the transcellular pathway involves:

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of hydraulic redistribution?

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

In the process of stomatal opening, the walls of the guard cells relative to their common walls.

Plants in hot climates regularly close their stomata at midday because accumulates in the leaf, and the leaves become _.