Exam 11: Genetic Engineering

One of the more formidable obstacles to mammalian gene cloning is the presence of

Hybridization studies require the use of __________, which are segments of single- stranded nucleic acids whose identity is already known.

One method of avoiding false positive results during hybridization reactions is to adjust the_________ of the hybridization, such that complementarity between the sequence of the gene of interest and the probe must be nearly exact.

What type of vector can replicate and be maintained stably in two (or more) unrelated host organisms?

Which of the following terms is used to describe a synthetic DNA fragment?

Lambda is a particularly useful cloning vector because _________and __________ .

Viral vectors can be used for molecular cloning, but plasmid vectors cannot.

One problem with both BACs and YACs is that genetic regions of these chromosomes cannot be subcloned.

Which construct would be MOST useful in studying translational control?

Discuss why codon usage must be considered when cloning a gene into another organism.

Most vectors are derived from

Strong promoters used for genetic manipulation are usually regulated by specific molecules.

Describe the usefulness of blue- white screening, also called a- complementation, in cloning vectors such as pUC19. Include in your answer the terms polylinker, DNA ligase, lacZ gene, insertional inactivation, Xgal, and fi- galactosidase.

The _________is a naturally occurring plasmid within yeast cells, and development of cloning yeast vectors is often based on this particular plasmid.

If the gene in question is not expressed and no assay or antibody is available to detect the gene product, the most common procedure used for identification is a(n)_________ probe.

Describe the methodology employed when antibodies are used to detect proteins.

Often organisms used as hosts for genetic engineering must have specific genotypes to be effective.

Explain what is necessary for a YAC to function as a normal eukaryotic chromosome.

It is usually desirable to design a vector that transcribes cloned genes at high levels at all times.

_________replicate in a host such as a plasmid but are also able to be packaged into phage virions. These vectors can carry large inserts of up to 50 kbp, so they do not efficiently transform; instead they enter into a host through_________ .