Question 1

Compare and contrast silent mutations, missense mutations, and nonsense mutations, including the effect each would have on a protein.

Accepted Answer

All three point mutations describe one change in the nucleotide sequence. Silent mutations can have slightly modified protein structures or unmodified ones, as long as the nucleotide change does not result in any change of the phenotype. Missense mutations are more restricted in that a nucleotide change results in a particular amino acid (codon) change. Although a missense mutation will change the amino acid sequence, this again may or may not change the structure of the protein. A nonsense mutation is the most specific of all where the nucleotide sequence now contains an inserted non- native stop site. The premature halt of protein synthesis will result in a shortened protein structure.

Question 2

A transducing particle is produced during the type of genetic recombination known as

Accepted Answer

A)  conjugation. 
B)  transformation. 
C)  specialized transduction. 
D)  generalized transduction. 
A)  conjugation. 
B)  transformation. 
C)  specialized transduction. 
D)  generalized transduction. D

Question 3

Archaea contain a conjugation mechanisms similar to Bacteria, but they also have a unique form involving cytoplasmic bridges for bidirectional transfer of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Ionizing radiation does NOT include

Accepted Answer

A)  gamma rays. 
B)  UV rays. 
C)  cosmic rays. 
D)  X- rays. 
A)  gamma rays. 
B)  UV rays. 
C)  cosmic rays. 
D)  X- rays.

Question 5

Which of the following methods may introduce foreign DNA into a recipient?

Accepted Answer

A)  transduction 
B)  conjugation 
C)  transformation 
D)  all of the above 
A)  transduction 
B)  conjugation 
C)  transformation 
D)  all of the above

Question 6

Explain how electroporation works and the outcome of the procedure.

Accepted Answer

Electroporation involves pulsing cells w

Question 7

Most plasmids are circular rather than linear.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A mutation that replaces a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine or a purine with another purine is called a(n) _________ , and a(n)________ is a mutation of a purine to a pyrimidine or a pyrimidine to a purine.

Accepted Answer

transition

Question 9

You have performed the following mating experiment using Hfr and F- strains of Escherichia coli: Hfr (thr+ leu+ gal+ strs) × F- (thr- leu- gal- strr). Which of the following selective media would you use to score recombinant colonies?

Accepted Answer

A)  minimal medium + streptomycin 
B)  minimal medium + appropriate nutrient 
C)  minimal medium + streptomycin + appropriate nutrient 
D)  minimal medium 
A)  minimal medium + streptomycin 
B)  minimal medium + appropriate nutrient 
C)  minimal medium + streptomycin + appropriate nutrient 
D)  minimal medium

Question 10

All Hfr strains integrate into the chromosome at

Accepted Answer

A)  the same locus. 
B)  several specific sites. 
C)  loci that cannot be accurately determined. 
D)  the same locus most of the time, although there may be some variation. 
A)  the same locus. 
B)  several specific sites. 
C)  loci that cannot be accurately determined. 
D)  the same locus most of the time, although there may be some variation.

Question 11

Which of the following proteins is NOT required for homologous recombination?

Accepted Answer

A)  RecA 
B)  proteins having helicase activity 
C)  endonuclease 
D)  Hfr 
A)  RecA 
B)  proteins having helicase activity 
C)  endonuclease 
D)  Hfr

Question 12

The production of a functional gene product by transforming bacteria that lack a lacZ gene with a plasmid containing a lacZ gene is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  trans complementation. 
B)  cis complementation. 
C)  transfection. 
D)  conjugation. 
A)  trans complementation. 
B)  cis complementation. 
C)  transfection. 
D)  conjugation.

Question 13

When UV radiation damage occurs, DNA repair occurs only in the absence of template instruction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Consider conjugation in Escherichia coli. In which of the following matings would chromosomal genes be transferred most frequently?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hfr × F- 
B)  F+ × F- 
C)  F- × F- 
D)  Hfr × F+ 
A)  Hfr × F- 
B)  F+ × F- 
C)  F- × F- 
D)  Hfr × F+

Question 15

In the bacterial world, a gene located on which of the following would be the LEAST likely to be transferred?

Accepted Answer

A)  the chromosome 
B)  R factor 
C)  the phage Mu 
D)  F+ 
A)  the chromosome 
B)  R factor 
C)  the phage Mu 
D)  F+

Question 16

Many Bacteria isolated from nature are natural lysogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Proteins and nucleic acids absorb light maximally at 260 nm; hence, proteins protect cells from UV effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

One method of determining the order in which genes are present on an Hfr donor is to perform a kinetics experiment involving ________of conjugating cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One method of determining the order in...

Question 19

UV radiation is a useful tool in producing mutants of microbial cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In transformation experiments using a variety of Bacteria, it has been noted that essentially all of the cells in a population can become competent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 10: Genetics of Bacteria and Arachaea

Compare and contrast silent mutations, missense mutations, and nonsense mutations, including the effect each would have on a protein.

A transducing particle is produced during the type of genetic recombination known as

Archaea contain a conjugation mechanisms similar to Bacteria, but they also have a unique form involving cytoplasmic bridges for bidirectional transfer of DNA.

Ionizing radiation does NOT include

Which of the following methods may introduce foreign DNA into a recipient?

Explain how electroporation works and the outcome of the procedure.

Most plasmids are circular rather than linear.

A mutation that replaces a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine or a purine with another purine is called a(n) _________ , and a(n)________ is a mutation of a purine to a pyrimidine or a pyrimidine to a purine.

You have performed the following mating experiment using Hfr and F- strains of Escherichia coli: Hfr (thr+ leu+ gal+ strs) × F- (thr- leu- gal- strr). Which of the following selective media would you use to score recombinant colonies?

All Hfr strains integrate into the chromosome at

Which of the following proteins is NOT required for homologous recombination?

The production of a functional gene product by transforming bacteria that lack a lacZ gene with a plasmid containing a lacZ gene is known as

When UV radiation damage occurs, DNA repair occurs only in the absence of template instruction.

Consider conjugation in Escherichia coli. In which of the following matings would chromosomal genes be transferred most frequently?

In the bacterial world, a gene located on which of the following would be the LEAST likely to be transferred?

Many Bacteria isolated from nature are natural lysogens.

Proteins and nucleic acids absorb light maximally at 260 nm; hence, proteins protect cells from UV effects.

One method of determining the order in which genes are present on an Hfr donor is to perform a kinetics experiment involving ________of conjugating cells.

UV radiation is a useful tool in producing mutants of microbial cultures.

In transformation experiments using a variety of Bacteria, it has been noted that essentially all of the cells in a population can become competent.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

A Brief Journey to the Microbial World

Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Microbial Growth

Molecular Biology of Bacteria

Archael and Eukaryotic Molecular Biology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses and Virology

Genetic Engineering

Microbial Genomics

Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

Catabolism of Organic Compounds

Commercial Products and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Bacteria: the Proteobacteria

Other Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Biology and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Viral Diversity

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Major Microbial Habitats and Diversity

Nutrient Cycles, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Growth Control

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Microbial Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Microbial Pathogens

Wastewater Treatment, Water Purification, and Waterborne Microbial Diseases

Food Preservation and Foodborne Microbial Diseases

Filters

A mutation that replaces a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine or a purine with another purine is called a(n) _ , and a(n) is a mutation of a purine to a pyrimidine or a pyrimidine to a purine.