Question 1

Which is NOT a reason why microorganisms may have an inherent natural resistance to an antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

A)  The organism may be able to alter the antibiotic to an inactive form. 
B)  The organism may be impermeable to the antibiotic. 
C)  The organism may be protected from the drug by its nuclear membrane. 
D)  The organism may be able to pump out an antibiotic entering the cell. 
A)  The organism may be able to alter the antibiotic to an inactive form. 
B)  The organism may be impermeable to the antibiotic. 
C)  The organism may be protected from the drug by its nuclear membrane. 
D)  The organism may be able to pump out an antibiotic entering the cell. C

Question 2

Describe an application or use for each of the following: antiseptic, disinfectant, germicide, sanitizer, and sterilant.

Accepted Answer

Antiseptic: An application for antiseptics is to clean and disinfect minor cuts, scrapes, and burns to prevent infection. They can also be used to clean and disinfect skin before medical procedures.

Disinfectant: Disinfectants are used to kill or inactivate bacteria, viruses, and fungi on surfaces and objects. They are commonly used in hospitals, schools, and homes to clean and disinfect countertops, floors, and other surfaces to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

Germicide: Germicides are specifically designed to kill germs, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They are used in healthcare settings to sterilize medical equipment and surfaces to prevent the spread of infections.

Sanitizer: Sanitizers are used to reduce the number of germs on hands and skin. They are commonly used in healthcare facilities, food service establishments, and public restrooms to promote hand hygiene and prevent the spread of illness.

Sterilant: Sterilants are used to completely eliminate all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, and spores. They are used in healthcare settings to sterilize medical instruments and equipment that come into contact with the body to prevent the spread of infections.

Question 3

Bacteriolytic agents can inhibit cell wall synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Cold sterilization is performed using

Accepted Answer

A)  dry ice. 
B)  high- pressure chambers. 
C)  compounds such as ethylene oxide. 
D)  exceptionally low temperatures. 
A)  dry ice. 
B)  high- pressure chambers. 
C)  compounds such as ethylene oxide. 
D)  exceptionally low temperatures.

Question 5

Discuss the pros and cons of using radiation to sterilize items such as foods, drugs, and surgical supplies.

Accepted Answer

UV radiation sterilizes only the surface

Question 6

Radiation is a decontamination measure approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) for foods particularly susceptible to microbial contamination.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In the agar diffusion method of studying antimicrobial action, the ___________ is measured.

Accepted Answer

A)  distance between the microbial colonies 
B)  turbidity of the medium 
C)  diameter of the individual microbial colonies 
D)  diameter of the zone of inhibition 
A)  distance between the microbial colonies 
B)  turbidity of the medium 
C)  diameter of the individual microbial colonies 
D)  diameter of the zone of inhibition

Question 8

Cephalosporins contain a double fi- lactam ring, whereas the penicillins contain a single fi- lactam ring.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Most attempts at chemical control of viruses result in toxicity for the host.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The tetracyclines are protein synthesis inhibitors that specifically disrupt the function of bacterial 30S ribosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The vegetative cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to many germicides because of

Accepted Answer

A)  the complex nature of the plasma membrane itself. 
B)  an extra membranous layer between the cell wall and the plasma membrane. 
C)  the lattice work found in the glycocalyx. 
D)  the waxy nature of the cell wall. 
A)  the complex nature of the plasma membrane itself. 
B)  an extra membranous layer between the cell wall and the plasma membrane. 
C)  the lattice work found in the glycocalyx. 
D)  the waxy nature of the cell wall.

Question 12

The number of organisms present is termed the ___________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The number of organisms present is termed...

Question 13

A thermometer can be sterilized using a cold sterilization method.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The first widely used growth factor analogs specifically designed to inhibit bacterial growth were the sulfa drugs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Antiseptics may either kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms and are sufficiently nontoxic to be applied to living tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Explain the difference between broad- spectrum and narrow- spectrum antibiotics using a specific example for each.

Accepted Answer

Narrow- spectrum drugs are targeted to s

Question 17

Consider the R plasmid. What is it? How did it originate? How is it spread? What can be done about it?

Accepted Answer

An R plasmid confers resistance to at le

Question 18

The term antimicrobial agent includes both fungicidal and fungistatic agents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Semisynthetic penicillins are generally more broad- spectrum than natural penicillins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Describe two resistance mechanisms in which certain bacteria can be naturally resistant to a particular antibiotic.

Accepted Answer

The following are possible explanations:

Exam 26: Microbial Growth Control

Which is NOT a reason why microorganisms may have an inherent natural resistance to an antibiotic?

Describe an application or use for each of the following: antiseptic, disinfectant, germicide, sanitizer, and sterilant.

Bacteriolytic agents can inhibit cell wall synthesis.

Cold sterilization is performed using

Discuss the pros and cons of using radiation to sterilize items such as foods, drugs, and surgical supplies.

Radiation is a decontamination measure approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) for foods particularly susceptible to microbial contamination.

In the agar diffusion method of studying antimicrobial action, the ___________ is measured.

Cephalosporins contain a double fi- lactam ring, whereas the penicillins contain a single fi- lactam ring.

Most attempts at chemical control of viruses result in toxicity for the host.

The tetracyclines are protein synthesis inhibitors that specifically disrupt the function of bacterial 30S ribosomes.

The vegetative cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to many germicides because of

The number of organisms present is termed the ___________ .

A thermometer can be sterilized using a cold sterilization method.

The first widely used growth factor analogs specifically designed to inhibit bacterial growth were the sulfa drugs.

Antiseptics may either kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms and are sufficiently nontoxic to be applied to living tissues.

Explain the difference between broad- spectrum and narrow- spectrum antibiotics using a specific example for each.

Consider the R plasmid. What is it? How did it originate? How is it spread? What can be done about it?

The term antimicrobial agent includes both fungicidal and fungistatic agents.

Semisynthetic penicillins are generally more broad- spectrum than natural penicillins.

Describe two resistance mechanisms in which certain bacteria can be naturally resistant to a particular antibiotic.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

A Brief Journey to the Microbial World

Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Microbial Growth

Molecular Biology of Bacteria

Archael and Eukaryotic Molecular Biology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses and Virology

Genetics of Bacteria and Arachaea

Genetic Engineering

Microbial Genomics

Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

Catabolism of Organic Compounds

Commercial Products and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Bacteria: the Proteobacteria

Other Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Biology and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Viral Diversity

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Major Microbial Habitats and Diversity

Nutrient Cycles, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Microbial Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Microbial Pathogens

Wastewater Treatment, Water Purification, and Waterborne Microbial Diseases

Food Preservation and Foodborne Microbial Diseases

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