Question 1

Nitrate and sulfate reduction can be either assimilative or dissimilative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Methanogenesis is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  photophosphorylation. 
B)  substrate- level phosphorylation. 
C)  anaerobic respiration. 
D)  aerobic respiration. 
A)  photophosphorylation. 
B)  substrate- level phosphorylation. 
C)  anaerobic respiration. 
D)  aerobic respiration.

Question 3

The coenzymes F420 and 7- mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate (CoB) are electron _________in _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  donors / acetogenesis 
B)  acceptors / acetogenesis 
C)  donors / methanogenesis 
D)  acceptors / methanogenesis 
A)  donors / acetogenesis 
B)  acceptors / acetogenesis 
C)  donors / methanogenesis 
D)  acceptors / methanogenesis

Question 4

Five- carbon sugars, called __________ , must be synthesized if not bioavailable because they form the backbone of _________.

Accepted Answer

pentoses /

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true about cellulase enzymes? They

Accepted Answer

A)  produce more water- soluble products, such as glucose, than cellulose. 
B)  can produce disaccharides such as cellobiose. 
C)  can be active in anoxic environments. 
D)  are rare in Bacteria but relatively abundant in Archaea. 
A)  produce more water- soluble products, such as glucose, than cellulose. 
B)  can produce disaccharides such as cellobiose. 
C)  can be active in anoxic environments. 
D)  are rare in Bacteria but relatively abundant in Archaea.

Question 6

Most acetogens that produce and excrete acetate are

Accepted Answer

A)  gram- negative Bacteria. 
B)  protists. 
C)  Archaea. 
D)  gram- positive Bacteria. 
A)  gram- negative Bacteria. 
B)  protists. 
C)  Archaea. 
D)  gram- positive Bacteria.

Question 7

In the_________ , one amino acid functions as the electron donor and is oxidized, whereas another amino acid is the electron acceptor and is reduced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the_________ , one amino acid functions...

Question 8

What two condition(s) must exist before the enzymes involved in nitrate (NO3- ) reduction are fully expressed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both nitrate and oxygen must be absent. 
B)  Nitrate must be absent, and oxygen must be present. 
C)  Nitrate must be present, and oxygen must be absent. 
D)  Both nitrate and oxygen must be present. 
A)  Both nitrate and oxygen must be absent. 
B)  Nitrate must be absent, and oxygen must be present. 
C)  Nitrate must be present, and oxygen must be absent. 
D)  Both nitrate and oxygen must be present.

Question 9

Two general mechanisms for the catabolism of organic compounds are __________ and_________.

Accepted Answer

fermentati

Question 10

Using nitrogen as an example, explain the differences between assimilative and dissimilative metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Assimilative metabolism reduces a nitrog

Question 11

Oxygen's only role in metabolic processes is to serve as an electron acceptor in energy- generating reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Briefly explain two common microbial methods of acetogenesis.

Accepted Answer

The acetyl- CoA pathway reduces CO₂to ace

Question 13

The energy released from the oxidation of an electron donor using molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor is less than if the same compound is oxidized with an alternate electron acceptor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Compare and contrast the sodium motive force and the proton motive force in methanogens.

Accepted Answer

Both the proton and sodium motive forces

Question 15

The primary means by which gaseous nitrogen is formed biologically is_________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary means by which gaseous nitrogen...

Question 16

When growing autotrophically with molecular hydrogen, sulfate- reducing bacteria use the_________as a means of incorporating CO2 into cell material.

Accepted Answer

Question 17

Compare and contrast the properties and carbon assimilation mechanisms of type I and type II methanotrophs.

Accepted Answer

Type I methanotrophs use the ribulose mo

Question 18

Discuss the similarities and differences between homofermentative and heterofermentative glucose catabolism.

Accepted Answer

Both are involved in fermentation of glu

Question 19

When lactate or pyruvate is the electron donor during dissimilative sulfate reduction, ATP is produced from the proton motive force and additional ATP is produced during the oxidation of pyruvate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The production of H2 during fermentation is associated with the activity of an iron- sulfur protein called

Accepted Answer

A)  rusticyanin. 
B)  hydrogenase. 
C)  hydroxylamine oxidoreductase. 
D)  ferredoxin. 
A)  rusticyanin. 
B)  hydrogenase. 
C)  hydroxylamine oxidoreductase. 
D)  ferredoxin.

Exam 14: Catabolism of Organic Compounds

Nitrate and sulfate reduction can be either assimilative or dissimilative.

Methanogenesis is an example of

The coenzymes F420 and 7- mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate (CoB) are electron _________in _________.

Five- carbon sugars, called __________ , must be synthesized if not bioavailable because they form the backbone of _________.

Which of the following is NOT true about cellulase enzymes? They

Most acetogens that produce and excrete acetate are

In the_________ , one amino acid functions as the electron donor and is oxidized, whereas another amino acid is the electron acceptor and is reduced.

What two condition(s) must exist before the enzymes involved in nitrate (NO3- ) reduction are fully expressed?

Two general mechanisms for the catabolism of organic compounds are __________ and_________.

Using nitrogen as an example, explain the differences between assimilative and dissimilative metabolism.

Oxygen's only role in metabolic processes is to serve as an electron acceptor in energy- generating reactions.

Briefly explain two common microbial methods of acetogenesis.

The energy released from the oxidation of an electron donor using molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor is less than if the same compound is oxidized with an alternate electron acceptor.

Compare and contrast the sodium motive force and the proton motive force in methanogens.

The primary means by which gaseous nitrogen is formed biologically is_________ .

When growing autotrophically with molecular hydrogen, sulfate- reducing bacteria use the_________as a means of incorporating CO2 into cell material.

Compare and contrast the properties and carbon assimilation mechanisms of type I and type II methanotrophs.

Discuss the similarities and differences between homofermentative and heterofermentative glucose catabolism.

When lactate or pyruvate is the electron donor during dissimilative sulfate reduction, ATP is produced from the proton motive force and additional ATP is produced during the oxidation of pyruvate.

The production of H2 during fermentation is associated with the activity of an iron- sulfur protein called

Microorganisms and Microbiology

A Brief Journey to the Microbial World

Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Microbial Growth

Molecular Biology of Bacteria

Archael and Eukaryotic Molecular Biology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses and Virology

Genetics of Bacteria and Arachaea

Genetic Engineering

Microbial Genomics

Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

Commercial Products and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Bacteria: the Proteobacteria

Other Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Biology and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Viral Diversity

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Major Microbial Habitats and Diversity

Nutrient Cycles, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Growth Control

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Microbial Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Microbial Pathogens

Wastewater Treatment, Water Purification, and Waterborne Microbial Diseases

Food Preservation and Foodborne Microbial Diseases

Filters

The coenzymes F420 and 7- mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate (CoB) are electron _in _.

Five- carbon sugars, called __ , must be synthesized if not bioavailable because they form the backbone of _.

Two general mechanisms for the catabolism of organic compounds are __ and_.

When growing autotrophically with molecular hydrogen, sulfate- reducing bacteria use the_________as a means of incorporating CO₂into cell material.