Exam 31: Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

Antibody titer can be measured by

Describe three contrastive properties of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in the context of antibody specificity and production.

Nucleic acid probes and immunological reagents are not commonly used in the clinical laboratory for the diagnosis of viral disease, because the cultivation of the virus is often difficult or even impossible.

Most microbiology research laboratories maintain BSL- 2 standards.

Hybridization requires a nucleic acid_________ that binds to DNA or RNA of interest, which must be in the __________ form for hybridization to occur.

One of the problems encountered when using fluorescent and radioisotopically labeled monoclonal antibodies is the tedious culturing procedures that must be used.

Describe the three main components to PCR- based testing.

Name two common or important bacterial pathogens found in each of the following locations below. A. Blood: _________ and __________ B. Urinary tract: _________ and_________ _ C. Fecal area:_________ _ and_________ D. Wound: __________ and_________ E. Reproductive tract: _ _________and_________

Describe how a FACS instrument allows for studying several different cell types simultaneously.

The study of antigen- antibody reactions, which is the interaction of antigenic determinants with the __________ region of the antibody molecule, is known as_________ _.

Explain the principle difference between direct agglutination and passive agglutination.

In the EIA test for HIV infection, the microtiter plate is coated with disrupted HIV particles.

All positive HIV- EIA tests must be confirmed by another independent test, usually the HIV Western blot.

_________is a molecular method that involves digesting SSU rRNA genes with restriction endonucleases to identify particular species, even strains of interest.

Hydrogen sulfide production is assayed by growth in a medium containing ferric iron (Fe3+).

Protein A, commonly used in immunoblots, is derived from

Protein A has a strong affinity for _________.

_________defines the lowest quantity of an antigen that can be detected in a serological test.

Immunoblot tests for HIV screening are NOT likely to supplant the EIA screening method, because

The blotting of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose paper, and the subsequent identification by specific antibodies, is called a(n) _________blot.