Exam 31: Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

The use of selected culture media and incubation conditions to isolate microorganisms from samples is known as a(n) __________ .

_________use genotypic rather than phenotypic factors to identify specific pathogens.

Which component of HAT medium is a cell poison that blocks metabolism?

When a fecal sample is collected from an ill patient, how is each of the following identified: bacterial cell, eukaryotic protist, and virus?

Finding no bacterial growth, despite persistent urinary tract symptoms, indicates that the problem is likely either nonpathogenically physiological or psychosomatic.

What is the basis for inferring infection of a pathogen when a serological EIA is performed? In this context, what does a positive result indicate?

Identification of the agents of infection can be made long before primary isolation methods yield a suspected organism when tissues are probed with specific fluorescent antibodies.

Blood agar is an example of a(n) medium.

The most specific antibodies are_________ .

Fluorescent antibodies can be used to separate mixtures of cells into relatively pure populations with a fluorescence cytometer.

SYBR Green, commonly used in the_________ method, binds nonspecifically to but not_________ or_________.

Chocolate agar is an example of a __________ medium.

The direct EIA is used to detect_________ , whereas the indirect EIA is used to detect_________.

Some infectious agents, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, do not elicit a systemic immune response.

Advanced cases of AIDS may not give a positive EIA test.

Use specific examples to describe the difference between a differential and a selective medium.

Obligate anaerobic bacteria are often missed as the causal agents of infection in clinical diagnosis. Why is this so? Describe one method commonly used to culture these bacteria.

The most common of all nosocomial infections are_________infections.

The causal agents of urinary tract diseases are often members of the normal flora.

One problem with the EIA test is the disposal of radioactive wastes.