Question 1

All of the following structures are found in the digestive system of birds EXCEPT a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) abomasum. 
B) gizzard. 
C) crop. 
D) small intestine. 
A) abomasum. 
B) gizzard. 
C) crop. 
D) small intestine.

Question 2

Imagine you are a family physician. You see an 18-year-old with a lower-than-normal body weight and teeth that have been eroded by acid. Your diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

A) anorexia. 
B) ulcer of the small intestine. 
C) bulimia. 
D) pancreatitis. 
E) liver failure. 
A) anorexia. 
B) ulcer of the small intestine. 
C) bulimia. 
D) pancreatitis. 
E) liver failure.

Question 3

Which of the following exhibits segmentation movements as well as peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

A) esophagus 
B) stomach 
C) small intestine 
D) large intestine 
E) rectum 
A) esophagus 
B) stomach 
C) small intestine 
D) large intestine 
E) rectum

Question 4

Bile aids in fat digestion by:

Accepted Answer

A) converting lipids to proteins, which can then be digested by proteases. 
B) acting directly as a lipid-digesting enzyme. 
C) breaking lipids into smaller components that can then be digested further by pancreatic enzymes. 
D) removing the fatty acid chains from the glycerol. 
A) converting lipids to proteins, which can then be digested by proteases. 
B) acting directly as a lipid-digesting enzyme. 
C) breaking lipids into smaller components that can then be digested further by pancreatic enzymes. 
D) removing the fatty acid chains from the glycerol.

Question 5

The cells lining the small intestine have projections into the lumen of the intestine. These projections, combined with the highly folded layering of cells lining the lumen, function to:

Accepted Answer

A) increase the passage rate of food. 
B) facilitate countercurrent exchange. 
C) increase the surface area. 
D) increase water retention. 
E) slow the nerve impulses that trigger peristalsis. 
A) increase the passage rate of food. 
B) facilitate countercurrent exchange. 
C) increase the surface area. 
D) increase water retention. 
E) slow the nerve impulses that trigger peristalsis.

Question 6

If the fluid in the stomach has a highly acidic pH of 1 to 3, how does this fluid become slightly basic almost immediately after it leaves the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A) The acids in this fluid are neutralized by the sodium bicarbonate secreted from the pancreas. 
B) The acids in this fluid remain in the stomach and only the partially digested food enters the small intestine. 
C) The acids in this fluid are neutralized by the amylase secreted from the pancreas. 
D) The acids are absorbed by the small intestine as soon as they leave the stomach. 
A) The acids in this fluid are neutralized by the sodium bicarbonate secreted from the pancreas. 
B) The acids in this fluid remain in the stomach and only the partially digested food enters the small intestine. 
C) The acids in this fluid are neutralized by the amylase secreted from the pancreas. 
D) The acids are absorbed by the small intestine as soon as they leave the stomach.

Question 7

The small intestine is the principal site of both digestion and nutrient absorption into the blood. True or False?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which nutrients help neutralize free radicals?

Accepted Answer

A) minerals 
B) lipids 
C) antioxidants 
D) monosaccharides 
E) cellulose subunits 
A) minerals 
B) lipids 
C) antioxidants 
D) monosaccharides 
E) cellulose subunits

Question 9

Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. The function of bile is to:

Accepted Answer

A) dissolve salts and detoxify poisons in food. 
B) raise the pH of food from the small intestine and emulsify fats. 
C) prevent regurgitation of food into the esophagus and activate stomach acids. 
D) disperse fats into smaller particles. 
E) lower the pH of the stomach. 
A) dissolve salts and detoxify poisons in food. 
B) raise the pH of food from the small intestine and emulsify fats. 
C) prevent regurgitation of food into the esophagus and activate stomach acids. 
D) disperse fats into smaller particles. 
E) lower the pH of the stomach.

Question 10

Ruminant animals:

Accepted Answer

A) harbor symbiotic microorganisms that digest cellulose. 
B) rely on a muscular gizzard to grind their food. 
C) are obligate meat-eaters, or carnivores. 
D) are capable of synthesizing carbohydrates for their own use. 
E) break down their own cellular wastes into a food source. 
A) harbor symbiotic microorganisms that digest cellulose. 
B) rely on a muscular gizzard to grind their food. 
C) are obligate meat-eaters, or carnivores. 
D) are capable of synthesizing carbohydrates for their own use. 
E) break down their own cellular wastes into a food source.

Question 11

Describe the specialized digestive system that enables ruminants, such as cows, to live on a diet of grass.

Accepted Answer

Their multichambered stomach houses micr

Question 12

Which mineral is important for carrying O2 in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) calcium 
B) zinca 
C) sodium 
D) potassium 
E) iron 
A) calcium 
B) zinca 
C) sodium 
D) potassium 
E) iron

Question 13

Which of these animals uses collar cells to obtain food for intracellular digestion?

Accepted Answer

A) sponges 
B) protists 
C) hydra 
D) humans 
E) earthworms 
A) sponges 
B) protists 
C) hydra 
D) humans 
E) earthworms

Question 14

A ________ person has the highest energy expenditure at rest.

Accepted Answer

A) moderately physically active 
B) moderately sedentary 
C) very physically active, muscular 
D) very sedentary, overweight 
A) moderately physically active 
B) moderately sedentary 
C) very physically active, muscular 
D) very sedentary, overweight

Question 15

Which part of the digestive tract has the lowest pH?

Accepted Answer

A) stomach 
B) small intestine 
C) large intestine 
D) rectum 
E) pancreas 
A) stomach 
B) small intestine 
C) large intestine 
D) rectum 
E) pancreas

Question 16

Which nutrients provide energy for animals?

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrates and fats 
B) carbohydrates and proteins 
C) fats and proteins 
D) carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acids 
E) carbohydrates, fats, and proteins 
A) carbohydrates and fats 
B) carbohydrates and proteins 
C) fats and proteins 
D) carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acids 
E) carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Question 17

Hydrochloric acid formed in the stomach converts pepsinogen into ________, which enables the stomach to begin digesting ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hydrochloric acid formed in the stomach converts...

Question 18

When you swallow, you set in motion a series of muscle contractions that are collectively called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When you swallow, you set in motion...

Question 19

A 50-year-old woman visits her doctor with complaints of bruises that will not heal. Her doctor has had her on long-term antibiotic treatment to control some chronic infections. Which of the following explains how her antibiotic treatment is related to her bruising?

Accepted Answer

A) She is malnourished because the antibiotics have destroyed the "good" bacteria in her digestive system that are responsible for producing the digestive enzymes that she needs to break down her food. 
B) The antibiotics have traveled to her liver and are now preventing the liver from producing proteins that circulate in the blood and help with clotting. 
C) The antibiotics have destroyed the "good" bacteria in her large intestine that produce vitamin K, which is important for proper blood clotting. 
D) The antibiotics have destroyed the "good" bacteria in her large intestine that produce vitamin E, which is important for proper blood clotting. 
A) She is malnourished because the antibiotics have destroyed the "good" bacteria in her digestive system that are responsible for producing the digestive enzymes that she needs to break down her food. 
B) The antibiotics have traveled to her liver and are now preventing the liver from producing proteins that circulate in the blood and help with clotting. 
C) The antibiotics have destroyed the "good" bacteria in her large intestine that produce vitamin K, which is important for proper blood clotting. 
D) The antibiotics have destroyed the "good" bacteria in her large intestine that produce vitamin E, which is important for proper blood clotting.

Question 20

Which hormone stimulates the production of sodium bicarbonate, which is released into the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A) gastrin 
B) pepsinogen 
C) cholecystokinin 
D) secretin 
A) gastrin 
B) pepsinogen 
C) cholecystokinin 
D) secretin

Exam 34: Nutrition and Digestion

All of the following structures are found in the digestive system of birds EXCEPT a(n):

Imagine you are a family physician. You see an 18-year-old with a lower-than-normal body weight and teeth that have been eroded by acid. Your diagnosis is:

Which of the following exhibits segmentation movements as well as peristalsis?

Bile aids in fat digestion by:

The cells lining the small intestine have projections into the lumen of the intestine. These projections, combined with the highly folded layering of cells lining the lumen, function to:

If the fluid in the stomach has a highly acidic pH of 1 to 3, how does this fluid become slightly basic almost immediately after it leaves the stomach?

The small intestine is the principal site of both digestion and nutrient absorption into the blood. True or False?

Which nutrients help neutralize free radicals?

Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. The function of bile is to:

Ruminant animals:

Describe the specialized digestive system that enables ruminants, such as cows, to live on a diet of grass.

Which mineral is important for carrying O2 in the blood?

Which of these animals uses collar cells to obtain food for intracellular digestion?

A ________ person has the highest energy expenditure at rest.

Which part of the digestive tract has the lowest pH?

Which nutrients provide energy for animals?

Hydrochloric acid formed in the stomach converts pepsinogen into ________, which enables the stomach to begin digesting ________.

When you swallow, you set in motion a series of muscle contractions that are collectively called ________.

A 50-year-old woman visits her doctor with complaints of bruises that will not heal. Her doctor has had her on long-term antibiotic treatment to control some chronic infections. Which of the following explains how her antibiotic treatment is related to her bruising?

Which hormone stimulates the production of sodium bicarbonate, which is released into the small intestine?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

The Continuity of Life: Cellular Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amidst Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

How Do Ecosystems Work

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

Filters

Hydrochloric acid formed in the stomach converts pepsinogen into , which enables the stomach to begin digesting .