Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE of cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

A) Its cells are tapered at each end. 
B) Its cells are branched. 
C) It is not striated, like skeletal muscle. 
D) It is under voluntary control. 
A) Its cells are tapered at each end. 
B) Its cells are branched. 
C) It is not striated, like skeletal muscle. 
D) It is under voluntary control.

Question 2

The hard, outer shell of vertebrate bone:

Accepted Answer

A) is compact bone. 
B) does not contain osteons. 
C) is spongy bone. 
D) is made of glucosamine. 
A) is compact bone. 
B) does not contain osteons. 
C) is spongy bone. 
D) is made of glucosamine.

Question 3

Calcium ions are released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum when an action potential stimulates it. True or False?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In skeletal and cardiac muscles, relaxation occurs as ________ ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Accepted Answer

A) sodium 
B) calcium 
C) potassium 
D) chloride 
A) sodium 
B) calcium 
C) potassium 
D) chloride

Question 5

The site of communication between a neuron and a muscle fiber is called a:

Accepted Answer

A) Z line. 
B) neuromuscular junction. 
C) sarcomere. 
D) axon. 
A) Z line. 
B) neuromuscular junction. 
C) sarcomere. 
D) axon.

Question 6

The end of a skeletal muscle that is attached to a movable bone is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) flexor. 
B) extensor. 
C) origin. 
D) insertion. 
A) flexor. 
B) extensor. 
C) origin. 
D) insertion.

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE according to the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A) When a muscle fiber is not contracting, the thin fibers are not connected to the thick fibers. 
B) When actin pushes the Z lines farther apart, the muscle expands. 
C) The energy for contraction comes from the breakdown of actin into myosin. 
D) The muscle relaxes when calcium ions are released into the fluid surrounding the thick and thin filaments. 
A) When a muscle fiber is not contracting, the thin fibers are not connected to the thick fibers. 
B) When actin pushes the Z lines farther apart, the muscle expands. 
C) The energy for contraction comes from the breakdown of actin into myosin. 
D) The muscle relaxes when calcium ions are released into the fluid surrounding the thick and thin filaments.

Question 8

T tubules are made of:

Accepted Answer

A) blood proteins. 
B) plasma membrane. 
C) brain cells. 
D) osteocytes. 
E) actin. 
A) blood proteins. 
B) plasma membrane. 
C) brain cells. 
D) osteocytes. 
E) actin.

Question 9

What might be a major disadvantage of having a ball-and-socket joint, rather than a hinge joint, in the human knee?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased muscle strength 
B) decreased joint stability 
C) decreased joint flexibility 
D) a reduced angle of bend 
A) decreased muscle strength 
B) decreased joint stability 
C) decreased joint flexibility 
D) a reduced angle of bend

Question 10

The function of the accessory proteins of the thin filaments is to:

Accepted Answer

A) facilitate muscle contraction. 
B) prevent bonding between actin and myosin, unless calcium ions are present. 
C) prevent overcontraction of muscle fibers. 
D) prevent calcium from entering the fibers. 
E) remove calcium from the sarcomere. 
A) facilitate muscle contraction. 
B) prevent bonding between actin and myosin, unless calcium ions are present. 
C) prevent overcontraction of muscle fibers. 
D) prevent calcium from entering the fibers. 
E) remove calcium from the sarcomere.

Question 11

A callus is:

Accepted Answer

A) formed after a bone breaks. 
B) involved in bone formation in the vertebrate embryo. 
C) a thickening of the fibrous structure of a muscle. 
D) a form of bone cancer. 
A) formed after a bone breaks. 
B) involved in bone formation in the vertebrate embryo. 
C) a thickening of the fibrous structure of a muscle. 
D) a form of bone cancer.

Question 12

If an athlete damages the cartilage in her knee, it tends to heal very slowly because cartilage:

Accepted Answer

A) is dead tissue. 
B) hardens with age. 
C) cannot be replaced or repaired by the body. 
D) is rejected by the body as it is formed. 
E) lacks blood vessels. 
A) is dead tissue. 
B) hardens with age. 
C) cannot be replaced or repaired by the body. 
D) is rejected by the body as it is formed. 
E) lacks blood vessels.

Question 13

Bone marrow is located in the:

Accepted Answer

A) cartilage. 
B) spongy bone. 
C) compact bone. 
D) chondrocytes. 
A) cartilage. 
B) spongy bone. 
C) compact bone. 
D) chondrocytes.

Question 14

The fluid in the sarcoplasmic reticulum contains a high concentration of ________ ions, which are released when an action potential stimulates it.

Accepted Answer

A) calcium 
B) potassium 
C) sodium 
D) iron 
E) phosphorus 
A) calcium 
B) potassium 
C) sodium 
D) iron 
E) phosphorus

Question 15

Many people hope that they will one day be able to travel into space for extended periods of time. What are the health risks to the bones and muscles of those people interested in such "space vacations"?

Accepted Answer

Under weightless conditions, space trave

Question 16

Bone-forming cells are known as:

Accepted Answer

A) osteocytes. 
B) osteoclasts. 
C) osteoblasts. 
D) chondrocytes. 
A) osteocytes. 
B) osteoclasts. 
C) osteoblasts. 
D) chondrocytes.

Question 17

Which of the following attaches one bone to another bone at a joint?

Accepted Answer

A) tendon 
B) ligament 
C) chondrocyte 
D) cartilage 
A) tendon 
B) ligament 
C) chondrocyte 
D) cartilage

Question 18

From a skeletal muscle perspective, what happens if a person has a calcium deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) The myosin heads do not release from actin. 
B) Muscles do not contract as strongly as they should. 
C) Motor neurons do not function properly. 
D) ATP does not fuel muscle contraction. 
A) The myosin heads do not release from actin. 
B) Muscles do not contract as strongly as they should. 
C) Motor neurons do not function properly. 
D) ATP does not fuel muscle contraction.

Question 19

What will happen to the structure of the bones of a left-handed professional baseball player.

Accepted Answer

The bones associated with the

Question 20

________ muscle constricts veins when blood pressure drops suddenly.

Accepted Answer

A) Smooth 
B) Cardiac 
C) Striated 
A) Smooth 
B) Cardiac 
C) Striated

Exam 40: Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Which of the following is TRUE of cardiac muscle?

The hard, outer shell of vertebrate bone:

Calcium ions are released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum when an action potential stimulates it. True or False?

In skeletal and cardiac muscles, relaxation occurs as ________ ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The site of communication between a neuron and a muscle fiber is called a:

The end of a skeletal muscle that is attached to a movable bone is called the:

Which of the following is TRUE according to the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction?

T tubules are made of:

What might be a major disadvantage of having a ball-and-socket joint, rather than a hinge joint, in the human knee?

The function of the accessory proteins of the thin filaments is to:

A callus is:

If an athlete damages the cartilage in her knee, it tends to heal very slowly because cartilage:

Bone marrow is located in the:

The fluid in the sarcoplasmic reticulum contains a high concentration of ________ ions, which are released when an action potential stimulates it.

Many people hope that they will one day be able to travel into space for extended periods of time. What are the health risks to the bones and muscles of those people interested in such "space vacations"?

Bone-forming cells are known as:

Which of the following attaches one bone to another bone at a joint?

From a skeletal muscle perspective, what happens if a person has a calcium deficiency?

What will happen to the structure of the bones of a left-handed professional baseball player.

________ muscle constricts veins when blood pressure drops suddenly.

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

The Continuity of Life: Cellular Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amidst Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

How Do Ecosystems Work

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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