Question 1

Fitness that an individual gains by passing on copies of its genes to its offspring is favored by _____ selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  indirect 
B)  direct 
C)  natural 
D)  sexual 
A)  indirect 
B)  direct 
C)  natural 
D)  sexual

Question 2

When leaf-cutter ants age and become less efficient at their tasks, they

Accepted Answer

A)  are killed. 
B)  change tasks. 
C)  are evicted from the colony. 
D)  are eaten by other colony members. 
A)  are killed. 
B)  change tasks. 
C)  are evicted from the colony. 
D)  are eaten by other colony members.

Question 3

How many castes do bees have?

Accepted Answer

A)  four 
B)  three 
C)  two 
D)  five 
A)  four 
B)  three 
C)  two 
D)  five

Question 4

Why would evolution favor a social structure that relies on dominance hierarchies rather than individual territories?

Accepted Answer

Evolution may favor a social structure t

Question 5

In the wattled jacana (Jacana jacana), a species of tropical wading bird, males perform all brood care. Females protect nests and defend territory. Females sometimes attack and kill chicks cared for by a male. The male then fertilizes the female attacker and cares for the resulting young. This type of social interaction that sees one female killing the young produced by another female so as to be fertilized by the male caring for the original brood is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperation. 
B)  selfishness. 
C)  spitefulness. 
D)  altruism. 
A)  cooperation. 
B)  selfishness. 
C)  spitefulness. 
D)  altruism.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a tactic that animals living in groups use to reduce the overall probability of predation?

Accepted Answer

A)  group defense used to protect from predators 
B)  many individuals looking out for predators at any given time 
C)  sheer numbers of individuals in the group 
D)  avoidance of predation by scattering 
A)  group defense used to protect from predators 
B)  many individuals looking out for predators at any given time 
C)  sheer numbers of individuals in the group 
D)  avoidance of predation by scattering

Question 7

The evolution of altruistic behavior is most likely to be between

Accepted Answer

A)  parent and offspring. 
B)  identical twins. 
C)  cousins. 
D)  half siblings. 
A)  parent and offspring. 
B)  identical twins. 
C)  cousins. 
D)  half siblings.

Question 8

Indirect fitness is favored by _____ selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  natural 
B)  sexual 
C)  kin 
D)  direct 
A)  natural 
B)  sexual 
C)  kin 
D)  direct

Question 9

Based on fitness effects on donors and recipients, which type of social interaction is expected to occur LEAST often or not at all?

Accepted Answer

A)  altruism 
B)  cooperation 
C)  selfishness 
D)  spitefulness 
A)  altruism 
B)  cooperation 
C)  selfishness 
D)  spitefulness

Question 10

Which is NOT true about the social interaction termed cooperation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is more common than spitefulness in wild animal populations. 
B)  It is less common than spitefulness in wild animal populations. 
C)  Donor and recipients do not necessarily receive the same level of benefit. 
D)  It may occur between unrelated individuals of the same species. 
A)  It is more common than spitefulness in wild animal populations. 
B)  It is less common than spitefulness in wild animal populations. 
C)  Donor and recipients do not necessarily receive the same level of benefit. 
D)  It may occur between unrelated individuals of the same species.

Question 11

Animals that live in groups have a reduced individual probability of predation. This is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the dilution effect. 
B)  a lek. 
C)  altruism. 
D)  cooperation. 
A)  the dilution effect. 
B)  a lek. 
C)  altruism. 
D)  cooperation.

Question 12

As a result of group living, an individual living in a group might

Accepted Answer

A)  be less likely to be exposed to disease. 
B)  be less likely to migrate. 
C)  be larger in size. 
D)  have a higher rate of consumption. 
A)  be less likely to be exposed to disease. 
B)  be less likely to migrate. 
C)  be larger in size. 
D)  have a higher rate of consumption.

Question 13

Increased competition for food among individuals living in groups may lead to increases in all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  movement between habitats in search of food. 
B)  time dedicated to locating food by individuals. 
C)  aggression between group members. 
D)  time spent in parental care of offspring 
A)  movement between habitats in search of food. 
B)  time dedicated to locating food by individuals. 
C)  aggression between group members. 
D)  time spent in parental care of offspring

Question 14

Which group does NOT contain a eusocial species?

Accepted Answer

A)  corals 
B)  termites 
C)  ants 
D)  mammals 
A)  corals 
B)  termites 
C)  ants 
D)  mammals

Question 15

If the direct fitness cost to a donor is 6 and the indirect fitness benefit to the recipient is 30, is altruistic behavior likely to evolve between cousins? Is the altruistic behavior likely to evolve between full siblings?

Accepted Answer

To determine whether altruistic behavior

Question 16

Which does NOT have a haplodiploid mating system?

Accepted Answer

A)  ants 
B)  bees 
C)  termites 
D)  wasps 
A)  ants 
B)  bees 
C)  termites 
D)  wasps

Question 17

In some eusocial, haplodiploid species, the coefficient of relatedness is said to display strong asymmetries. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

In eusocial, haplodiploid species, such

Question 18

Which statement about social interactions is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The recipient is the individual who directs behavior toward another individual, the donor. 
B)  Donors and recipients direct behaviors toward one another. 
C)  The donor is the individual who directs behavior toward another donor. 
D)  The donor is the individual who directs behavior toward another individual, the recipient. 
A)  The recipient is the individual who directs behavior toward another individual, the donor. 
B)  Donors and recipients direct behaviors toward one another. 
C)  The donor is the individual who directs behavior toward another donor. 
D)  The donor is the individual who directs behavior toward another individual, the recipient.

Question 19

What is another term for kin selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  indirect selection 
B)  direct selection 
C)  natural selection 
D)  sexual selection 
A)  indirect selection 
B)  direct selection 
C)  natural selection 
D)  sexual selection

Question 20

Which social interaction is best described as the opposite of altruism in terms of its effect on donor and recipient fitness?

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperation 
B)  selfishness 
C)  spitefulness 
D)  dominance 
A)  cooperation 
B)  selfishness 
C)  spitefulness 
D)  dominance

Exam 10: Social Behaviors

Fitness that an individual gains by passing on copies of its genes to its offspring is favored by _____ selection.

When leaf-cutter ants age and become less efficient at their tasks, they

How many castes do bees have?

Why would evolution favor a social structure that relies on dominance hierarchies rather than individual territories?

Which of the following is NOT a tactic that animals living in groups use to reduce the overall probability of predation?

The evolution of altruistic behavior is most likely to be between

Indirect fitness is favored by _____ selection.

Based on fitness effects on donors and recipients, which type of social interaction is expected to occur LEAST often or not at all?

Which is NOT true about the social interaction termed cooperation?

Animals that live in groups have a reduced individual probability of predation. This is known as

As a result of group living, an individual living in a group might

Increased competition for food among individuals living in groups may lead to increases in all of the following except

Which group does NOT contain a eusocial species?

If the direct fitness cost to a donor is 6 and the indirect fitness benefit to the recipient is 30, is altruistic behavior likely to evolve between cousins? Is the altruistic behavior likely to evolve between full siblings?

Which does NOT have a haplodiploid mating system?

In some eusocial, haplodiploid species, the coefficient of relatedness is said to display strong asymmetries. What does this mean?

Which statement about social interactions is TRUE?

What is another term for kin selection?

Which social interaction is best described as the opposite of altruism in terms of its effect on donor and recipient fitness?

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Mutualism

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

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