Exam 11: Population Distributions

Which dispersion should be favored among plants that compete intraspecifically by casting shade?

Scientists commonly use _____ dispersal distance to quantify an organism's dispersal.

When individuals have perfect knowledge of habitat variation and distribute themselves in a way that allows all of them to have the same per capita benefit, they display a(n) _____ free distribution.

Measuring the lifetime dispersal distance of a species helps scientists to estimate how rapidly a growing population can increase its

A species of tree is found from the Canadian border down to the southeast United States. This is called the species'

The number of individuals _____ best defines abundance.

The orange-breasted sunbird (Anthobaphes violacea) lives only in the fynbos region in the Western Cape of South Africa. This is an example of a(n)

For a mark-recapture survey, the ratio of the number of marked individuals to the total population is equal to the ratio of the

Ants should live in _____ populations, and rhinoceroses should live in _____ populations.

Researchers used an experimental design in which they cleared large patches of pine forest in five areas. The central cleared area served as the source of dispersers. The four remaining cleared patches were (1) a rectangular unconnected patch, (2) a rectangular patch connected to the central patch by a cleared path that served as a corridor, and (3) two rectangular patches with wings (patches with corridors that did not connect to other patches). The researchers were interested in the importance of habitat corridors to the movement of seeds, pollen, and butterflies between central and peripheral habitat patches. What was the purpose of the unconnected winged patches?

The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) is an insect from eastern Asia that has invaded North America. The larvae of the emerald ash borer consume the cambium and phloem under the bark of American ash trees and eventually kill the trees. How can biologists predict the spread of this invasive pest? What might explain why the emerald ash borer is more of a problem in North America than in its native range?

Which model specifically addresses the situation in which subpopulations in poor-quality habitats are maintained by immigration of individuals from other subpopulations that produce surplus individuals?

How do dispersal and migration differ?

Populations whose individuals _____ favor clustered dispersion.

In the experiment in which stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were presented with high- and low-quality habitats, why would fish disperse from the high-food side of the aquarium to the low-food side?

A researcher who counts the number of individuals of a tree species between two fixed points is making a(n) _____ survey.

In the example of the Ozark Mountain collard lizard, what would the glades be considered?

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) is a tree species that is found throughout the northeastern United States in higher-elevation sites without sandy soils. What can you conclude about the distribution of sugar maples in terms of their geographic range and realized niche?

Which of the following does NOT explain why an ideal free distribution might not be achieved in nature?

If one were looking at the characteristic related to how an individual in a population interacts with others of its species in a given area, one would likely be looking at what?