Question 1

A supporting service provides benefits of biodiversity that

Accepted Answer

A)  have aesthetic, spiritual, or recreational value. 
B)  humans use. 
C)  include climate regulation, flood control, and water purification. 
D)  allow ecosystems to exist. 
A)  have aesthetic, spiritual, or recreational value. 
B)  humans use. 
C)  include climate regulation, flood control, and water purification. 
D)  allow ecosystems to exist.

Question 2

Scientists hypothesize that losses of large mammals between 11,500 and 500 years ago were caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  humans. 
B)  climate change. 
C)  pollution. 
D)  invasive species. 
A)  humans. 
B)  climate change. 
C)  pollution. 
D)  invasive species.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a way that pesticides may decrease biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  by killing nontarget species 
B)  through the process known as biomagnification 
C)  by altering food webs 
D)  by shortening the growing season 
A)  by killing nontarget species 
B)  through the process known as biomagnification 
C)  by altering food webs 
D)  by shortening the growing season

Question 4

Provisioning services are those that

Accepted Answer

A)  support ecosystems, such as primary production, soil formation, and nutrient cycling. 
B)  include climate regulation, flood control, and water purification. 
C)  humans use, including lumber, fur, meat, crops, water, and fiber. 
D)  provide aesthetic, spiritual, or recreational value. 
A)  support ecosystems, such as primary production, soil formation, and nutrient cycling. 
B)  include climate regulation, flood control, and water purification. 
C)  humans use, including lumber, fur, meat, crops, water, and fiber. 
D)  provide aesthetic, spiritual, or recreational value.

Question 5

The period of the last _____ may be a sixth mass extinction.

Accepted Answer

A)  100,000 years 
B)  10 million years 
C)  1,000 years 
D)  10,000 years 
A)  100,000 years 
B)  10 million years 
C)  1,000 years 
D)  10,000 years

Question 6

Why has it been challenging to determine the declines in species diversity of amphibians?

Accepted Answer

Determining the declines in species dive

Question 7

An introduced species tends to have a greater impact (leading to the decline or extinction of native species) if they

Accepted Answer

A)  are accidentally introduced. 
B)  are intentionally introduced. 
C)  compete with native species. 
D)  act as predators or pathogens on native species. 
A)  are accidentally introduced. 
B)  are intentionally introduced. 
C)  compete with native species. 
D)  act as predators or pathogens on native species.

Question 8

The California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) reintroduction was very successful in increasing natural populations of condors. In addition to reintroduction, what strategies were used to conserve this species?

Accepted Answer

In addition to reintroduction efforts, s

Question 9

A focus on the economic value a species can provide is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic value of biodiversity. 
B)  instrumental value of biodiversity. 
C)  provisioning service. 
D)  regulating service. 
A)  intrinsic value of biodiversity. 
B)  instrumental value of biodiversity. 
C)  provisioning service. 
D)  regulating service.

Question 10

All species of moas (Dinornis) in New Zealand have gone extinct as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat loss. 
B)  overharvesting. 
C)  invasive species. 
D)  pollution. 
A)  habitat loss. 
B)  overharvesting. 
C)  invasive species. 
D)  pollution.

Question 11

Why are regulating services considered instrumental values? Give examples.

Accepted Answer

Regulating services are considered instr

Question 12

A mass extinction event is one in which _____ percent of the existing species go extinct within a 2-million-year period.

Accepted Answer

A)  75 
B)  95 
C)  55 
D)  25 
A)  75 
B)  95 
C)  55 
D)  25

Question 13

Extinction rates over the past 50 years are _____ times higher than the historic rate.

Accepted Answer

A)  100 
B)  1,000 
C)  10 
D)  10,000 
A)  100 
B)  1,000 
C)  10 
D)  10,000

Question 14

Global climate change is predicted to lead to all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  causing extreme weather events. 
B)  altering precipitation patterns. 
C)  shifting distributions of species. 
D)  changing day length patterns 
A)  causing extreme weather events. 
B)  altering precipitation patterns. 
C)  shifting distributions of species. 
D)  changing day length patterns

Question 15

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) defines the term extinct as pertaining to a species that was alive in the wild in the

Accepted Answer

A)  past but no individuals remain alive today. 
B)  year 1000 but no individuals remain alive today. 
C)  year 1500 but no individuals remain alive today. 
D)  year 1900 but no individuals remain alive today. 
A)  past but no individuals remain alive today. 
B)  year 1000 but no individuals remain alive today. 
C)  year 1500 but no individuals remain alive today. 
D)  year 1900 but no individuals remain alive today.

Question 16

The largest cause of declining biodiversity is

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat loss. 
B)  overharvesting. 
C)  introduced species. 
D)  global climate change. 
A)  habitat loss. 
B)  overharvesting. 
C)  introduced species. 
D)  global climate change.

Question 17

The time required for a chemical to break down to half of its original concentration is called its

Accepted Answer

A)  decomposition coefficient. 
B)  retention time. 
C)  half-life. 
D)  decontamination time. 
A)  decomposition coefficient. 
B)  retention time. 
C)  half-life. 
D)  decontamination time.

Question 18

The California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) was saved from extinction by

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat protection. 
B)  reduced harvesting. 
C)  captive breeding and species reintroduction. 
D)  the banning of pesticides. 
A)  habitat protection. 
B)  reduced harvesting. 
C)  captive breeding and species reintroduction. 
D)  the banning of pesticides.

Question 19

The concept known as minimum viable population (MVP) refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the species whose role in a community is the most important and if its habitat is lost will have cascading effects through the entire community. 
B)  the smallest population size of a species that can persist even if environmental conditions change. 
C)  the smallest, single contiguous habitat that can hold a species. 
D)  the historical size of a species habitat that is required for its survival prior to the impacts of human harvesting, introduced species, and global climate change. 
A)  the species whose role in a community is the most important and if its habitat is lost will have cascading effects through the entire community. 
B)  the smallest population size of a species that can persist even if environmental conditions change. 
C)  the smallest, single contiguous habitat that can hold a species. 
D)  the historical size of a species habitat that is required for its survival prior to the impacts of human harvesting, introduced species, and global climate change.

Question 20

The Svalbard facility on an island north of the Norwegian mainland was constructed to store

Accepted Answer

A)  plants. 
B)  seeds. 
C)  animals. 
D)  embryos. 
A)  plants. 
B)  seeds. 
C)  animals. 
D)  embryos.

Exam 23: Global Conservation of Biodiversity

A supporting service provides benefits of biodiversity that

Scientists hypothesize that losses of large mammals between 11,500 and 500 years ago were caused by

Which of the following is NOT a way that pesticides may decrease biodiversity?

Provisioning services are those that

The period of the last _____ may be a sixth mass extinction.

Why has it been challenging to determine the declines in species diversity of amphibians?

An introduced species tends to have a greater impact (leading to the decline or extinction of native species) if they

The California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) reintroduction was very successful in increasing natural populations of condors. In addition to reintroduction, what strategies were used to conserve this species?

A focus on the economic value a species can provide is called the

All species of moas (Dinornis) in New Zealand have gone extinct as a result of

Why are regulating services considered instrumental values? Give examples.

A mass extinction event is one in which _____ percent of the existing species go extinct within a 2-million-year period.

Extinction rates over the past 50 years are _____ times higher than the historic rate.

Global climate change is predicted to lead to all of the following except

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) defines the term extinct as pertaining to a species that was alive in the wild in the

The largest cause of declining biodiversity is

The time required for a chemical to break down to half of its original concentration is called its

The California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) was saved from extinction by

The concept known as minimum viable population (MVP) refers to

The Svalbard facility on an island north of the Norwegian mainland was constructed to store

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviors

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Mutualism

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology and Global Biodiversity

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