Question 1

How does the urinary system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
B)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
C)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease. 
A)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
B)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
C)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.

Question 2

In which type of bone would osteons be present?

Accepted Answer

A)  spongy bone 
B)  compact bone 
C)  both spongy and compact 
A)  spongy bone 
B)  compact bone 
C)  both spongy and compact

Question 3

One effect of aging on the skeletal system is

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased bone matrix. 
B)  increased bone density. 
C)  decreased collagen fibers. 
D)  increased elastic fibers. 
E)  Decreased bone matrix and decreased collagen fibers are effects of aging. 
A)  decreased bone matrix. 
B)  increased bone density. 
C)  decreased collagen fibers. 
D)  increased elastic fibers. 
E)  Decreased bone matrix and decreased collagen fibers are effects of aging.

Question 4

Which of the following membranes covers the surface of a mature bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  perimysium 
B)  perichondrium 
C)  peritendineum 
D)  peritoneum 
E)  periosteum 
A)  perimysium 
B)  perichondrium 
C)  peritendineum 
D)  peritoneum 
E)  periosteum

Question 5

The compression (weight-bearing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  elastin fibers. 
B)  collagenase. 
C)  hydroxyapatite crystals. 
D)  collagen fibers. 
E)  bone marrow. 
A)  elastin fibers. 
B)  collagenase. 
C)  hydroxyapatite crystals. 
D)  collagen fibers. 
E)  bone marrow.

Question 6

The stem cells of osteoblasts and chondroblasts are

Accepted Answer

A)  osteocytes. 
B)  osteoclasts. 
C)  chondrocytes. 
D)  monocytes. 
E)  osteochondral progenitor cells. 
A)  osteocytes. 
B)  osteoclasts. 
C)  chondrocytes. 
D)  monocytes. 
E)  osteochondral progenitor cells.

Question 7

How does the integumentary system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
B)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
C)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease. 
A)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
B)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
C)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  support 
B)  movement 
C)  immunity 
D)  calcium storage 
E)  blood cell formation 
A)  support 
B)  movement 
C)  immunity 
D)  calcium storage 
E)  blood cell formation

Question 9

Which type of bone is considered dense bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  spongy bone 
B)  compact bone 
C)  both spongy and compact 
A)  spongy bone 
B)  compact bone 
C)  both spongy and compact

Question 10

Chondroblasts produce

Accepted Answer

A)  ligaments. 
B)  cartilage matrix. 
C)  bone tissue. 
D)  blood cells. 
E)  synovial fluid. 
A)  ligaments. 
B)  cartilage matrix. 
C)  bone tissue. 
D)  blood cells. 
E)  synovial fluid.

Question 11

-What does structure "A" represent on the bone diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  cancellous bone 
B)  diaphysis 
C)  epiphyseal lines 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  epiphysis 
A)  cancellous bone 
B)  diaphysis 
C)  epiphyseal lines 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  epiphysis

Question 12

Which of the following events occurs last?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood vessels grow into the primary ossification center. 
B)  Cartilage is calcified in the cartilage model. 
C)  A cartilage model is formed by chondroblasts. 
D)  Osteoblasts produce trabeculae and lamellae on the surface of calcified cartilage. 
E)  Secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses. 
A)  Blood vessels grow into the primary ossification center. 
B)  Cartilage is calcified in the cartilage model. 
C)  A cartilage model is formed by chondroblasts. 
D)  Osteoblasts produce trabeculae and lamellae on the surface of calcified cartilage. 
E)  Secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses.

Question 13

The processes of intramembranous and endochondral ossification are similar in several respects. Which of the following statements applies to both intramembranous and endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both processes form woven bone. 
B)  Both processes require a precursor of connective tissue membranes. 
C)  In both processes, bone replaces cartilage. 
D)  Both only form flat bones. 
E)  Chondrocytes participate in both processes. 
A)  Both processes form woven bone. 
B)  Both processes require a precursor of connective tissue membranes. 
C)  In both processes, bone replaces cartilage. 
D)  Both only form flat bones. 
E)  Chondrocytes participate in both processes.

Question 14

What is the site of long bone growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  medullary cavity 
B)  periosteum 
C)  endosteum 
D)  diaphysis 
E)  epiphyseal plate 
A)  medullary cavity 
B)  periosteum 
C)  endosteum 
D)  diaphysis 
E)  epiphyseal plate

Question 15

In appositional growth of cartilage,

Accepted Answer

A)  chondroblasts within the tissue proliferate and add more matrix from the inside. 
B)  new chondrocytes and new matrix are added on the outside of the tissue. 
C)  osteoblasts replace the chondroblasts. 
D)  the tissue becomes vascularized in order to grow. 
E)  the cartilage is replaced with another kind of connective tissue. 
A)  chondroblasts within the tissue proliferate and add more matrix from the inside. 
B)  new chondrocytes and new matrix are added on the outside of the tissue. 
C)  osteoblasts replace the chondroblasts. 
D)  the tissue becomes vascularized in order to grow. 
E)  the cartilage is replaced with another kind of connective tissue.

Question 16

The stem cells of osteoclasts are

Accepted Answer

A)  osteocytes. 
B)  osteoclasts. 
C)  chondrocytes. 
D)  monocytes. 
E)  osteochondral progenitor cells. 
A)  osteocytes. 
B)  osteoclasts. 
C)  chondrocytes. 
D)  monocytes. 
E)  osteochondral progenitor cells.

Question 17

-What does structure "D" represent on the bone diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  cancellous bone 
B)  diaphysis 
C)  epiphyseal lines 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  epiphysis 
A)  cancellous bone 
B)  diaphysis 
C)  epiphyseal lines 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  epiphysis

Question 18

Intramembranous ossification

Accepted Answer

A)  forms the bones of the roof of the skull. 
B)  is the process that produces most of the skeletal system. 
C)  occurs when bones develop from cartilage models. 
D)  occurs when osteoblasts invade the spaces left by dying cartilage cells. 
E)  occurs on the outer surface of the membrane. 
A)  forms the bones of the roof of the skull. 
B)  is the process that produces most of the skeletal system. 
C)  occurs when bones develop from cartilage models. 
D)  occurs when osteoblasts invade the spaces left by dying cartilage cells. 
E)  occurs on the outer surface of the membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling and repair is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone remodeling involves removal of old bone by osteoblasts. 
B)  As a long bone increases in diameter, the size of the marrow cavity decreases. 
C)  The rate of bone remodeling increases in the elderly. 
D)  Exposure of a bone to increased mechanical stress can lead to bone remodeling. 
E)  Bone remodeling does not involve the activity of the osteoclasts and the osteoblasts. 
A)  Bone remodeling involves removal of old bone by osteoblasts. 
B)  As a long bone increases in diameter, the size of the marrow cavity decreases. 
C)  The rate of bone remodeling increases in the elderly. 
D)  Exposure of a bone to increased mechanical stress can lead to bone remodeling. 
E)  Bone remodeling does not involve the activity of the osteoclasts and the osteoblasts.

Question 20

Which type of bone appears porous?

Accepted Answer

A)  spongy bone 
B)  compact bone 
C)  both spongy and compact 
A)  spongy bone 
B)  compact bone 
C)  both spongy and compact

Exam 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

How does the urinary system contribute to osteoporosis?

In which type of bone would osteons be present?

One effect of aging on the skeletal system is

Which of the following membranes covers the surface of a mature bone?

The compression (weight-bearing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of

The stem cells of osteoblasts and chondroblasts are

How does the integumentary system contribute to osteoporosis?

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

Which type of bone is considered dense bone?

Chondroblasts produce

-What does structure "A" represent on the bone diagram?

Which of the following events occurs last?

The processes of intramembranous and endochondral ossification are similar in several respects. Which of the following statements applies to both intramembranous and endochondral ossification?

What is the site of long bone growth?

In appositional growth of cartilage,

The stem cells of osteoclasts are

-What does structure "D" represent on the bone diagram?

Intramembranous ossification

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling and repair is correct?

Which type of bone appears porous?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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