Question 1

The proper sequence of events in bone repair is

Accepted Answer

A)  callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone. 
B)  remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation. 
C)  hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone. 
D)  callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation. 
E)  hematoma formation, callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone. 
A)  callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone. 
B)  remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation. 
C)  hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone. 
D)  callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation. 
E)  hematoma formation, callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone.

Question 2

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes

Accepted Answer

A)  increased RANKL and increased OPG. 
B)  increased RANKL and decreased OPG. 
C)  decreased RANKL and increased OPG. 
D)  decreased RANKL and decreased OPG. 
E)  PTH has no effect on RANKL and OPG. 
A)  increased RANKL and increased OPG. 
B)  increased RANKL and decreased OPG. 
C)  decreased RANKL and increased OPG. 
D)  decreased RANKL and decreased OPG. 
E)  PTH has no effect on RANKL and OPG.

Question 3

Which type of bone cells give rise to osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteochondral progenitor cell 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteocytes 
D)  osteoclasts 
A)  osteochondral progenitor cell 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteocytes 
D)  osteoclasts

Question 4

Spaces in the bone matrix that are occupied by osteocytes are

Accepted Answer

A)  lamellae. 
B)  lacunae. 
C)  canaliculi. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  trabeculae. 
A)  lamellae. 
B)  lacunae. 
C)  canaliculi. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  trabeculae.

Question 5

You would look for concentric lamellae

Accepted Answer

A)  around the central canal of an osteon. 
B)  in between osteons. 
C)  on the outer surface of compact bone tissues. 
D)  as components of the cartilage. 
E)  in the bone marrow. 
A)  around the central canal of an osteon. 
B)  in between osteons. 
C)  on the outer surface of compact bone tissues. 
D)  as components of the cartilage. 
E)  in the bone marrow.

Question 6

What chemical ingested or synthesized by the body is necessary for calcium absorption from the intestines?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth hormone 
B)  sex hormones 
C)  parathyroid hormone 
D)  calcitonin 
E)  vitamin D 
A)  growth hormone 
B)  sex hormones 
C)  parathyroid hormone 
D)  calcitonin 
E)  vitamin D

Question 7

Osteoblasts involved in bone growth in length come primarily from

Accepted Answer

A)  chondrocytes. 
B)  endothelium of blood vessels. 
C)  osteocytes. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  connective tissue surrounding blood vessels from the endosteum. 
A)  chondrocytes. 
B)  endothelium of blood vessels. 
C)  osteocytes. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  connective tissue surrounding blood vessels from the endosteum.

Question 8

-This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "D"?

Accepted Answer

A)  PTH promotes calcium release into blood by osteoclast. 
B)  Calcium is removed from blood by osteoblasts. 
C)  Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption. 
D)  Calcium is lost in urine. 
E)  PTH promotes calcium reabsorption from urine. 
A)  PTH promotes calcium release into blood by osteoclast. 
B)  Calcium is removed from blood by osteoblasts. 
C)  Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption. 
D)  Calcium is lost in urine. 
E)  PTH promotes calcium reabsorption from urine.

Question 9

-This figure illustrates bone growth in length at the Epiphyseal Plate. What is zone "D"?

Accepted Answer

A)  bone of diaphysis 
B)  zone of calcification 
C)  zone of hypertrophy 
D)  zone of proliferation 
E)  zone of resting cartilage 
A)  bone of diaphysis 
B)  zone of calcification 
C)  zone of hypertrophy 
D)  zone of proliferation 
E)  zone of resting cartilage

Question 10

Which of the following statements about bone growth is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most growth in long bones results from interstitial growth. 
B)  Appositional bone growth results in increased bone length. 
C)  Endochondral growth in long bones occurs at the epiphyseal plate. 
D)  In the epiphyseal plate, osteoblasts degenerate to form chondrocytes. 
E)  Bones can not grow by appositional growth. 
A)  Most growth in long bones results from interstitial growth. 
B)  Appositional bone growth results in increased bone length. 
C)  Endochondral growth in long bones occurs at the epiphyseal plate. 
D)  In the epiphyseal plate, osteoblasts degenerate to form chondrocytes. 
E)  Bones can not grow by appositional growth.

Question 11

A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  aponeurosis. 
B)  ligament. 
C)  bursa. 
D)  epimysium. 
E)  tendon. 
A)  aponeurosis. 
B)  ligament. 
C)  bursa. 
D)  epimysium. 
E)  tendon.

Question 12

Which type of bone has concentric lamellae?

Accepted Answer

A)  spongy bone 
B)  compact bone 
C)  both spongy and compact 
A)  spongy bone 
B)  compact bone 
C)  both spongy and compact

Question 13

An example of a long bone would be

Accepted Answer

A)  the sternum. 
B)  a rib. 
C)  a carpal bone. 
D)  the tibia. 
E)  the clavicle. 
A)  the sternum. 
B)  a rib. 
C)  a carpal bone. 
D)  the tibia. 
E)  the clavicle.

Question 14

What are the maintenance cells in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteocytes 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteoclasts 
D)  chondrocytes 
E)  osteochondral progenitor cells 
A)  osteocytes 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteoclasts 
D)  chondrocytes 
E)  osteochondral progenitor cells

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity. 
B)  When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases. 
C)  Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels. 
D)  Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney. 
E)  Calcitonin elevates blood calcium levels. 
A)  Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity. 
B)  When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases. 
C)  Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels. 
D)  Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney. 
E)  Calcitonin elevates blood calcium levels.

Question 16

A bone fracture in which one fragment is driven into the cancellous bone of the other fragment is a(an)

Accepted Answer

A)  complicated fracture. 
B)  impaction fracture. 
C)  spiral fracture. 
D)  dentate fracture. 
E)  greenstick fracture. 
A)  complicated fracture. 
B)  impaction fracture. 
C)  spiral fracture. 
D)  dentate fracture. 
E)  greenstick fracture.

Question 17

Arrange the following events in endochondral ossification in proper sequence: (1) Cartilage matrix is calcified and chondrocytes die.
(2) Chondrocytes hypertrophy.
(3) Cartilage model is formed.
(4) Osteoblasts deposit bone on the surface of the calcified cartilage called the primary ossification center.
(5) Blood vessels from the periosteum invade calcified cartilage bringing in osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Accepted Answer

A)  3, 2, 1, 5, 4 
B)  3, 2, 5, 4, 1 
C)  3, 2, 5, 1, 4 
D)  3, 5, 2, 4, 1 
E)  1, 3, 4, 5, 2 
A)  3, 2, 1, 5, 4 
B)  3, 2, 5, 4, 1 
C)  3, 2, 5, 1, 4 
D)  3, 5, 2, 4, 1 
E)  1, 3, 4, 5, 2

Question 18

When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoclasts 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteons 
D)  matrix cells 
E)  osteocytes 
A)  osteoclasts 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteons 
D)  matrix cells 
E)  osteocytes

Question 19

Bone growth of the epiphysis occurs at the

Accepted Answer

A)  articular cartilage. 
B)  joint cavity. 
C)  perichondrium. 
D)  epiphyseal plate. 
E)  diaphysis. 
A)  articular cartilage. 
B)  joint cavity. 
C)  perichondrium. 
D)  epiphyseal plate. 
E)  diaphysis.

Question 20

Brittle bone disorder is another name for

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoporosis. 
B)  osteogenesis imperfecta. 
C)  osteomalacia. 
D)  scurvy. 
E)  osteomyelitis. 
A)  osteoporosis. 
B)  osteogenesis imperfecta. 
C)  osteomalacia. 
D)  scurvy. 
E)  osteomyelitis.

Exam 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

The proper sequence of events in bone repair is

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes

Which type of bone cells give rise to osteoblasts?

Spaces in the bone matrix that are occupied by osteocytes are

You would look for concentric lamellae

What chemical ingested or synthesized by the body is necessary for calcium absorption from the intestines?

Osteoblasts involved in bone growth in length come primarily from

-This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "D"?

-This figure illustrates bone growth in length at the Epiphyseal Plate. What is zone "D"?

Which of the following statements about bone growth is TRUE?

A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a(n)

Which type of bone has concentric lamellae?

An example of a long bone would be

What are the maintenance cells in bone tissue?

Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?

A bone fracture in which one fragment is driven into the cancellous bone of the other fragment is a(an)

When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?

Bone growth of the epiphysis occurs at the

Brittle bone disorder is another name for

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