Question 1

The type of lamellae found between osteons (Haversian systems) is

Accepted Answer

A)  circumferential. 
B)  concentric. 
C)  interstitial. 
D)  appositional. 
E)  oppositional. 
A)  circumferential. 
B)  concentric. 
C)  interstitial. 
D)  appositional. 
E)  oppositional.

Question 2

Woven bone

Accepted Answer

A)  has its collagen fibers randomly oriented. 
B)  has a porous appearance. 
C)  is organized into thin sheets of tissue. 
D)  is very light in weight. 
E)  is not easily restructured. 
A)  has its collagen fibers randomly oriented. 
B)  has a porous appearance. 
C)  is organized into thin sheets of tissue. 
D)  is very light in weight. 
E)  is not easily restructured.

Question 3

Which type of bone cells package calcium and phosphate ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteochondral progenitor cell 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteocytes 
D)  osteoclasts 
A)  osteochondral progenitor cell 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteocytes 
D)  osteoclasts

Question 4

-This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "E"?

Accepted Answer

A)  PTH promotes calcium release into blood by osteoclast. 
B)  Calcium is removed from blood by osteoblasts. 
C)  Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption. 
D)  Calcium is lost in urine. 
E)  PTH promotes calcium reabsorption from urine. 
A)  PTH promotes calcium release into blood by osteoclast. 
B)  Calcium is removed from blood by osteoblasts. 
C)  Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption. 
D)  Calcium is lost in urine. 
E)  PTH promotes calcium reabsorption from urine.

Question 5

Which of the following matrix molecules in cartilage tends to trap large quantities of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  collagen 
B)  proteoglycan 
C)  hyaluronic acid 
D)  elastin 
E)  chondrocytes 
A)  collagen 
B)  proteoglycan 
C)  hyaluronic acid 
D)  elastin 
E)  chondrocytes

Question 6

Small channels extending through the bone matrix are

Accepted Answer

A)  lamellae. 
B)  lacunae. 
C)  canaliculi. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  trabeculae. 
A)  lamellae. 
B)  lacunae. 
C)  canaliculi. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  trabeculae.

Question 7

When blood calcium levels are low

Accepted Answer

A)  ostoclast activity increases. 
B)  calcitonin secretion increases. 
C)  calcium absorption is reduced. 
D)  bones produce more bone tissue. 
E)  osteoblast activity increases. 
A)  ostoclast activity increases. 
B)  calcitonin secretion increases. 
C)  calcium absorption is reduced. 
D)  bones produce more bone tissue. 
E)  osteoblast activity increases.

Question 8

Interconnecting rods of bone are

Accepted Answer

A)  lamellae. 
B)  lacunae. 
C)  canaliculi. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  trabeculae. 
A)  lamellae. 
B)  lacunae. 
C)  canaliculi. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  trabeculae.

Question 9

The collar that forms around the opposing ends of bone fragments is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  osteon. 
B)  external callus. 
C)  hematoma. 
D)  epiphysis. 
E)  internal callus. 
A)  osteon. 
B)  external callus. 
C)  hematoma. 
D)  epiphysis. 
E)  internal callus.

Question 10

Long bones grow in length at the

Accepted Answer

A)  epiphyseal plate. 
B)  articular cartilage. 
C)  center of the shaft. 
D)  endosteum-periosteum junction. 
E)  center of the epiphysis. 
A)  epiphyseal plate. 
B)  articular cartilage. 
C)  center of the shaft. 
D)  endosteum-periosteum junction. 
E)  center of the epiphysis.

Question 11

How does the respiratory system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
B)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
C)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease. 
A)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
B)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
C)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.

Question 12

Ligaments attach

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle to muscle. 
B)  bone to bone. 
C)  muscle to bone. 
D)  nerve to bone. 
E)  nerve to muscle. 
A)  muscle to muscle. 
B)  bone to bone. 
C)  muscle to bone. 
D)  nerve to bone. 
E)  nerve to muscle.

Question 13

-What does structure "C" represent on the bone diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  cancellous bone 
B)  diaphysis 
C)  epiphyseal lines 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  epiphysis 
A)  cancellous bone 
B)  diaphysis 
C)  epiphyseal lines 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  epiphysis

Question 14

The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoclast. 
B)  osteoblast. 
C)  chondrocyte. 
D)  osteocyte. 
E)  chondroblast. 
A)  osteoclast. 
B)  osteoblast. 
C)  chondrocyte. 
D)  osteocyte. 
E)  chondroblast.

Question 15

The covering of the outer surface of bone is the

Accepted Answer

A)  lamellae. 
B)  lacunae. 
C)  canaliculi. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  trabeculae. 
A)  lamellae. 
B)  lacunae. 
C)  canaliculi. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  trabeculae.

Question 16

How does the endocrine system affect osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet 
B)  lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone 
C)  pain following injury helps prevent further injury 
D)  blood clotting starts repair process 
E)  calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis 
A)  inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet 
B)  lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone 
C)  pain following injury helps prevent further injury 
D)  blood clotting starts repair process 
E)  calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis

Question 17

Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)  chondroclast 
B)  osteoclast 
C)  chondroblast 
D)  fibroblast 
E)  osteocyte 
A)  chondroclast 
B)  osteoclast 
C)  chondroblast 
D)  fibroblast 
E)  osteocyte

Question 18

Osteoclasts have projections that cause bone reabsorption called

Accepted Answer

A)  canaliculi. 
B)  lacunae. 
C)  ruffled borders. 
D)  lamellae. 
E)  crossroads. 
A)  canaliculi. 
B)  lacunae. 
C)  ruffled borders. 
D)  lamellae. 
E)  crossroads.

Question 19

How does the cardiovascular system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet 
B)  lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone 
C)  pain following injury helps prevent further injury 
D)  blood clotting starts repair process 
E)  calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis 
A)  inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet 
B)  lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone 
C)  pain following injury helps prevent further injury 
D)  blood clotting starts repair process 
E)  calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis

Question 20

Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium, calcium, and vitamin E 
B)  potassium, calcium, and vitamin D 
C)  calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D 
D)  vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride 
E)  vitamin E, vitamin B, and vitamin A 
A)  sodium, calcium, and vitamin E 
B)  potassium, calcium, and vitamin D 
C)  calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D 
D)  vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride 
E)  vitamin E, vitamin B, and vitamin A

Exam 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

The type of lamellae found between osteons (Haversian systems) is

Woven bone

Which type of bone cells package calcium and phosphate ions?

-This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "E"?

Which of the following matrix molecules in cartilage tends to trap large quantities of water?

Small channels extending through the bone matrix are

When blood calcium levels are low

Interconnecting rods of bone are

The collar that forms around the opposing ends of bone fragments is called a(n)

Long bones grow in length at the

How does the respiratory system contribute to osteoporosis?

Ligaments attach

-What does structure "C" represent on the bone diagram?

The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the

The covering of the outer surface of bone is the

How does the endocrine system affect osteoporosis?

Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?

Osteoclasts have projections that cause bone reabsorption called

How does the cardiovascular system contribute to osteoporosis?

Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of ___, _, and ___ in the diet.