Question 1

How does the reproductive system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
B)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
C)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease. 
A)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
B)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
C)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.

Question 2

In which of the following locations in a growing bone would the greatest osteoclast activity be found?

Accepted Answer

A)  epiphysis 
B)  epiphyseal plate 
C)  medullary cavity 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  perichondrium 
A)  epiphysis 
B)  epiphyseal plate 
C)  medullary cavity 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  perichondrium

Question 3

Osteogenesis imperfecta is

Accepted Answer

A)  bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection. 
B)  a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix. 
C)  a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion. 
D)  a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones. 
E)  a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development. 
A)  bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection. 
B)  a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix. 
C)  a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion. 
D)  a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones. 
E)  a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development.

Question 4

Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix. 
B)  Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans. 
C)  The protein components of bone matrix are digested. 
D)  Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood. 
E)  Blood calcium is elevated. 
A)  Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix. 
B)  Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans. 
C)  The protein components of bone matrix are digested. 
D)  Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood. 
E)  Blood calcium is elevated.

Question 5

What is the membrane that lines the medullary cavity?

Accepted Answer

A)  epiphysis 
B)  fibers 
C)  growth plate 
D)  medullary cavity 
E)  endosteum 
A)  epiphysis 
B)  fibers 
C)  growth plate 
D)  medullary cavity 
E)  endosteum

Question 6

The primary mineral in bone is

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium. 
B)  oxygen. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  potassium. 
E)  iron. 
A)  sodium. 
B)  oxygen. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  potassium. 
E)  iron.

Question 7

What chemical causes a decrease in the blood calcium level?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth hormone 
B)  sex hormones 
C)  parathyroid hormone 
D)  calcitonin 
E)  vitamin D 
A)  growth hormone 
B)  sex hormones 
C)  parathyroid hormone 
D)  calcitonin 
E)  vitamin D

Question 8

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteocytes - function in bone remodeling 
B)  osteoclasts - responsible for reabsorption 
C)  osteoblasts - break down bone tissue 
D)  endosteum - lines central canal of the osteon 
E)  periosteum - lines the medullary cavity 
A)  osteocytes - function in bone remodeling 
B)  osteoclasts - responsible for reabsorption 
C)  osteoblasts - break down bone tissue 
D)  endosteum - lines central canal of the osteon 
E)  periosteum - lines the medullary cavity

Question 9

The growth spurt seen in puberty is triggered by

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid hormone. 
B)  sex hormones. 
C)  growth hormone. 
D)  thyroid hormone. 
E)  calcitonin. 
A)  parathyroid hormone. 
B)  sex hormones. 
C)  growth hormone. 
D)  thyroid hormone. 
E)  calcitonin.

Question 10

What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?

Accepted Answer

A)  articular cartilage 
B)  periosteum 
C)  elastic cartilage 
D)  cancellous bone 
E)  fibrocartilage 
A)  articular cartilage 
B)  periosteum 
C)  elastic cartilage 
D)  cancellous bone 
E)  fibrocartilage

Question 11

What chemical stimulates the spurt of bone growth that occurs at puberty?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth hormone 
B)  sex hormones 
C)  parathyroid hormone 
D)  calcitonin 
E)  vitamin D 
A)  growth hormone 
B)  sex hormones 
C)  parathyroid hormone 
D)  calcitonin 
E)  vitamin D

Question 12

Ossification that involves replacing cartilage with bone is

Accepted Answer

A)  intramembranous. 
B)  endochondral. 
C)  interstitial. 
D)  appositional. 
E)  osteomalacia. 
A)  intramembranous. 
B)  endochondral. 
C)  interstitial. 
D)  appositional. 
E)  osteomalacia.

Question 13

What is the area where marrow is located?

Accepted Answer

A)  periosteum 
B)  Sharpey fibers 
C)  growth plate 
D)  medullary cavity 
E)  endosteum 
A)  periosteum 
B)  Sharpey fibers 
C)  growth plate 
D)  medullary cavity 
E)  endosteum

Question 14

Which type of bone cells combine hydroxyapatite and collagen to form extracellular bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteochondral progenitor cell 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteocytes 
D)  osteoclasts 
A)  osteochondral progenitor cell 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteocytes 
D)  osteoclasts

Question 15

The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when

Accepted Answer

A)  chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts. 
B)  the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue. 
C)  the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis. 
D)  the bone marrow forms. 
E)  the periosteum is completed. 
A)  chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts. 
B)  the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue. 
C)  the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis. 
D)  the bone marrow forms. 
E)  the periosteum is completed.

Question 16

What is the end of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  epiphysis 
B)  Sharpey's fibers 
C)  growth plate 
D)  medullary cavity 
E)  endosteum 
A)  epiphysis 
B)  Sharpey's fibers 
C)  growth plate 
D)  medullary cavity 
E)  endosteum

Question 17

The type of lamellae found in osteons (Haversian systems) is

Accepted Answer

A)  circumferential. 
B)  concentric. 
C)  interstitial. 
D)  appositional. 
E)  oppositional. 
A)  circumferential. 
B)  concentric. 
C)  interstitial. 
D)  appositional. 
E)  oppositional.

Question 18

In which type of bone would trabeculae be present?

Accepted Answer

A)  spongy bone 
B)  compact bone 
C)  both spongy and compact 
A)  spongy bone 
B)  compact bone 
C)  both spongy and compact

Question 19

Haversian systems or osteons

Accepted Answer

A)  are found in spongy bone tissue. 
B)  lack concentric lamellae. 
C)  are the basic units in compact bone tissue. 
D)  do not contain osteocytes. 
E)  are avascular. 
A)  are found in spongy bone tissue. 
B)  lack concentric lamellae. 
C)  are the basic units in compact bone tissue. 
D)  do not contain osteocytes. 
E)  are avascular.

Question 20

How does the muscular system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet 
B)  lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone 
C)  pain following injury helps prevent further injury 
D)  blood clotting starts repair process 
E)  calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis 
A)  inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet 
B)  lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone 
C)  pain following injury helps prevent further injury 
D)  blood clotting starts repair process 
E)  calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis

Exam 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

How does the reproductive system contribute to osteoporosis?

In which of the following locations in a growing bone would the greatest osteoclast activity be found?

Osteogenesis imperfecta is

Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?

What is the membrane that lines the medullary cavity?

The primary mineral in bone is

What chemical causes a decrease in the blood calcium level?

Which of the following is correctly matched?

The growth spurt seen in puberty is triggered by

What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?

What chemical stimulates the spurt of bone growth that occurs at puberty?

Ossification that involves replacing cartilage with bone is

What is the area where marrow is located?

Which type of bone cells combine hydroxyapatite and collagen to form extracellular bone matrix?

The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when

What is the end of a long bone?

The type of lamellae found in osteons (Haversian systems) is

In which type of bone would trabeculae be present?

Haversian systems or osteons

How does the muscular system contribute to osteoporosis?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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