Question 1

The deepest level of processing of information in memory, emphasizing the meaning of the information being processed, is

Accepted Answer

A)  the triarchic level of encoding. 
B)  the semantic level of encoding. 
C)  attentional encoding. 
D)  dyadic encoding. 
A)  the triarchic level of encoding. 
B)  the semantic level of encoding. 
C)  attentional encoding. 
D)  dyadic encoding.

Question 2

Jack and Sophia are having a debate over a recent news story. Sophia finally brings in the latest issue of the Weekly Bulletin to show Jack that she is correct. However, Sophia can't find the information in the Weekly Bulletin, and now she is wondering where she read the news story. In this example, Sophia

Accepted Answer

A)  appears to have made a reality-monitoring error. 
B)  is showing the misinformation error. 
C)  is experiencing proactive interference. 
D)  has apparently made a source-monitoring error. 
A)  appears to have made a reality-monitoring error. 
B)  is showing the misinformation error. 
C)  is experiencing proactive interference. 
D)  has apparently made a source-monitoring error.

Question 3

Early-selection theories of attention propose that

Accepted Answer

A)  stimuli are screened out before the brain processes the meaning of sensory input. 
B)  stimuli are screened out after the brain processes the meaning of sensory input. 
C)  attention is distributed equally among all stimulus inputs that are above threshold. 
D)  stimuli are screened out before they reach the sense organs. 
A)  stimuli are screened out before the brain processes the meaning of sensory input. 
B)  stimuli are screened out after the brain processes the meaning of sensory input. 
C)  attention is distributed equally among all stimulus inputs that are above threshold. 
D)  stimuli are screened out before they reach the sense organs.

Question 4

According to Baddeley, short-term or working memory does NOT include which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

A)  a rehearsal loop 
B)  a feature-detection element 
C)  a visuospatial sketchpad 
D)  an executive control system 
A)  a rehearsal loop 
B)  a feature-detection element 
C)  a visuospatial sketchpad 
D)  an executive control system

Question 5

Some theorists have questioned the concept of short-term memory on the grounds that

Accepted Answer

A)  its capacity is simply too limited. 
B)  information in short-term memory doesn't last long enough to be tested. 
C)  it really isn't all that different from sensory memory. 
D)  it really isn't all that different from long-term memory. 
A)  its capacity is simply too limited. 
B)  information in short-term memory doesn't last long enough to be tested. 
C)  it really isn't all that different from sensory memory. 
D)  it really isn't all that different from long-term memory.

Question 6

The memory system that has an almost unlimited storage capacity is

Accepted Answer

A)  time-based memory. 
B)  long-term memory. 
C)  working memory. 
D)  auditory sensory memory. 
A)  time-based memory. 
B)  long-term memory. 
C)  working memory. 
D)  auditory sensory memory.

Question 7

The measure of retention that requires an individual to memorize information a second time to determine how much time or effort is saved is

Accepted Answer

A)  relearning. 
B)  recognition. 
C)  recitation. 
D)  recall. 
A)  relearning. 
B)  recognition. 
C)  recitation. 
D)  recall.

Question 8

Skyler took part in a memory experiment. As he studied a list of words he was to remember, he formed a vivid image of each object on the list. He was confident he would do well on the memory test, but instead of asking for the actual words, they asked Skyler whether each word was printed in italics or bold-faced type. Skyler did poorly on the memory test. Because he did not know how he would be tested, Skyler

Accepted Answer

A)  showed evidence of retroactive interference. 
B)  did not use transfer-appropriate processing. 
C)  experienced repression. 
D)  experienced the misinformation effect. 
A)  showed evidence of retroactive interference. 
B)  did not use transfer-appropriate processing. 
C)  experienced repression. 
D)  experienced the misinformation effect.

Question 9

Based on Lavie's research into the location of the attention filter, which of the following pairs of terms is matched CORRECTLY?

Accepted Answer

A)  high-load task - late filter 
B)  simple task - early filter 
C)  low-load - early filter 
D)  complicated task - early filter 
A)  high-load task - late filter 
B)  simple task - early filter 
C)  low-load - early filter 
D)  complicated task - early filter

Question 10

Short-term memory

Accepted Answer

A)  can maintain rehearsed information for approximately five minutes. 
B)  is a limited-capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for up to about 20 seconds. 
C)  preserves information in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second. 
D)  is an unlimited capacity store that can hold information over lengthy periods of time. 
A)  can maintain rehearsed information for approximately five minutes. 
B)  is a limited-capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for up to about 20 seconds. 
C)  preserves information in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second. 
D)  is an unlimited capacity store that can hold information over lengthy periods of time.

Question 11

The tendency of people to remember factual information by routinely organizing the information into categories is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  clustering. 
B)  chunking. 
C)  spreading activation. 
D)  source monitoring. 
A)  clustering. 
B)  chunking. 
C)  spreading activation. 
D)  source monitoring.

Question 12

Which of the following are not considered strengths of the parallel distributed processing models?

Accepted Answer

A)  They provide a plausible account for how mental structures may be derived from neural structures. 
B)  They make sense based on research from neurophysiological research. 
C)  It explains the blazing speed of human's cognitive functioning better then other models do. 
D)  It requires the execution of operations in a sequence. 
A)  They provide a plausible account for how mental structures may be derived from neural structures. 
B)  They make sense based on research from neurophysiological research. 
C)  It explains the blazing speed of human's cognitive functioning better then other models do. 
D)  It requires the execution of operations in a sequence.

Question 13

Brendan knows that her professor plans to give essay exams throughout the semester, so she prepares for the exams by thinking of questions that ask about key concepts and writing out answers to those questions. In this case, Brendan is trying to maximize her exam performance

Accepted Answer

A)  by reducing the misinformation effect. 
B)  by eliminating proactive interference. 
C)  through the use of transfer-appropriate processing. 
D)  through the use of state-dependent memory. 
A)  by reducing the misinformation effect. 
B)  by eliminating proactive interference. 
C)  through the use of transfer-appropriate processing. 
D)  through the use of state-dependent memory.

Question 14

The Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model proposes that memory has

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory, short-term, medium-term, and long-term stores. 
B)  short-, medium-, and long-term stores. 
C)  four different memory stores. 
D)  sensory, short-term, and long-term stores. 
A)  sensory, short-term, medium-term, and long-term stores. 
B)  short-, medium-, and long-term stores. 
C)  four different memory stores. 
D)  sensory, short-term, and long-term stores.

Question 15

Brock was describing the inside of his doctor's office to one of his friends. In his description he mentions that there were two diplomas on the wall, even though this doctor does not have any diplomas displayed on the wall. Brock's error in recall illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the role of semantic networks in long-term memory. 
B)  the need for conceptual hierarchies in long-term memory. 
C)  the need for a good executive control system in short-term memory. 
D)  the role of schemas in long-term memory. 
A)  the role of semantic networks in long-term memory. 
B)  the need for conceptual hierarchies in long-term memory. 
C)  the need for a good executive control system in short-term memory. 
D)  the role of schemas in long-term memory.

Question 16

The storage capacity of short-term memory is approximately ____ items.

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  7 
C)  10 
D)  12 
A)  4 
B)  7 
C)  10 
D)  12

Question 17

If you were attempting to recall a memory, the memory process you would be using is

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding. 
B)  storage. 
C)  retrieval. 
D)  acquisition. 
A)  encoding. 
B)  storage. 
C)  retrieval. 
D)  acquisition.

Question 18

The first person to conduct scientific studies of forgetting was

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud. 
B)  Hermann Ebbinghaus. 
C)  John Watson. 
D)  George Miller. 
A)  Sigmund Freud. 
B)  Hermann Ebbinghaus. 
C)  John Watson. 
D)  George Miller.

Question 19

Follow-up research by Talarico and Rubin, which tested the accuracy of flashbulb memories one year after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, found flashbulb memories

Accepted Answer

A)  become more accurate and detailed over time. 
B)  fade much the same as everyday memories. 
C)  fade much more slowly than other types of memories. 
D)  remain fairly constant and do not fade over time. 
A)  become more accurate and detailed over time. 
B)  fade much the same as everyday memories. 
C)  fade much more slowly than other types of memories. 
D)  remain fairly constant and do not fade over time.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a type of clue that is commonly used to make reality monitoring inferences that an event really happened?

Accepted Answer

A)  the memory is easily retrieved 
B)  the memory is rich in sensory information 
C)  the memory involves contextual information 
D)  the memory involves other individuals 
A)  the memory is easily retrieved 
B)  the memory is rich in sensory information 
C)  the memory involves contextual information 
D)  the memory involves other individuals

Exam 13: Human Memory Part 1

The deepest level of processing of information in memory, emphasizing the meaning of the information being processed, is

Early-selection theories of attention propose that

According to Baddeley, short-term or working memory does NOT include which of the following components?

Some theorists have questioned the concept of short-term memory on the grounds that

The memory system that has an almost unlimited storage capacity is

The measure of retention that requires an individual to memorize information a second time to determine how much time or effort is saved is

Based on Lavie's research into the location of the attention filter, which of the following pairs of terms is matched CORRECTLY?

Short-term memory

The tendency of people to remember factual information by routinely organizing the information into categories is referred to as

Which of the following are not considered strengths of the parallel distributed processing models?

Brendan knows that her professor plans to give essay exams throughout the semester, so she prepares for the exams by thinking of questions that ask about key concepts and writing out answers to those questions. In this case, Brendan is trying to maximize her exam performance

The Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model proposes that memory has

Brock was describing the inside of his doctor's office to one of his friends. In his description he mentions that there were two diplomas on the wall, even though this doctor does not have any diplomas displayed on the wall. Brock's error in recall illustrates

The storage capacity of short-term memory is approximately ____ items.

If you were attempting to recall a memory, the memory process you would be using is

The first person to conduct scientific studies of forgetting was

Follow-up research by Talarico and Rubin, which tested the accuracy of flashbulb memories one year after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, found flashbulb memories

Which of the following is not a type of clue that is commonly used to make reality monitoring inferences that an event really happened?

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Social Behavior Part 2

Careers in Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

Statistical Methods

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