Question 1

The process of ____ explains why when we think of one word, such as "fruit," it triggers our thinking of other words, such as "apples and oranges."

Accepted Answer

A)  parallel distributed processing 
B)  the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon 
C)  spreading activation within a schema 
D)  spreading activation within a semantic network 
A)  parallel distributed processing 
B)  the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon 
C)  spreading activation within a schema 
D)  spreading activation within a semantic network

Question 2

Mark is listening as his roommate lists 14 things that they need to buy for their apartment before the end of the week. Based on George Miller's research into the capacity of short-term memory, if Mark doesn't write the items down as he hears them, he is most likely to remember

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 5 of the items from the list. 
B)  approximately 10 to 12 items from the list. 
C)  the entire list. 
D)  between 5 and 9 items from the list. 
A)  less than 5 of the items from the list. 
B)  approximately 10 to 12 items from the list. 
C)  the entire list. 
D)  between 5 and 9 items from the list.

Question 3

Which of the following researchers conducted a classic experiment that demonstrated the brief duration of information in sensory memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Richard Atkinson 
B)  Hermann Ebbinghaus 
C)  George Miller 
D)  George Sperling 
A)  Richard Atkinson 
B)  Hermann Ebbinghaus 
C)  George Miller 
D)  George Sperling

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT listed in the textbook as a method to enrich encoding of to-be-stored information?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-referent encoding 
B)  visual imagery 
C)  rote memorization 
D)  elaboration 
A)  self-referent encoding 
B)  visual imagery 
C)  rote memorization 
D)  elaboration

Question 5

The measure of retention that requires individuals to reproduce information on their own without any cues is

Accepted Answer

A)  recitation. 
B)  recognition. 
C)  recall. 
D)  relearning. 
A)  recitation. 
B)  recognition. 
C)  recall. 
D)  relearning.

Question 6

According to Cowan, the capacity of short-term memory has been ____ because researchers have not controlled for ____ by participants.

Accepted Answer

A)  overestimated; covert chunking 
B)  underestimated; covert chunking 
C)  overestimated; serial positioning 
D)  underestimated; serial positioning 
A)  overestimated; covert chunking 
B)  underestimated; covert chunking 
C)  overestimated; serial positioning 
D)  underestimated; serial positioning

Question 7

People often find that they can remember events more easily when in the same place as they were when they first experienced the event. This is because of the influence of ____ on ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  context: encoding 
B)  context: retrieval 
C)  imagery: retrieval 
D)  imagery: encoding 
A)  context: encoding 
B)  context: retrieval 
C)  imagery: retrieval 
D)  imagery: encoding

Question 8

The ____ component of working memory serves as the interface between working and long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  episodic buffer 
B)  semantic buffer 
C)  executive control system 
D)  visuospatial sketchpad 
A)  episodic buffer 
B)  semantic buffer 
C)  executive control system 
D)  visuospatial sketchpad

Question 9

Tara's bank assigned her a personal identification number (PIN) of 927321 when she was first issued her credit card. Last week, a different company bought out the credit card division and Tara was issued a new PIN of 840645. If Tara experiences retroactive interference when she enters her PIN, you would expect that she will enter the digits

Accepted Answer

A)  840321, using the last three digits of her old number in error. 
B)  840645, her new PIN. 
C)  927321, her old PIN. 
D)  927645, using the first three digits of her old number in error. 
A)  840321, using the last three digits of her old number in error. 
B)  840645, her new PIN. 
C)  927321, her old PIN. 
D)  927645, using the first three digits of her old number in error.

Question 10

Investigators were asking employees at a construction site what they were doing last Tuesday, at ten o'clock. Some of the workers were having a difficult time remembering details until the foreman reminded them that the foundations for the building were poured that morning. If the workers are now able to recall details of their actions, the foreman has been able to

Accepted Answer

A)  prime the workers' conceptual hierarchies. 
B)  successfully reinstate the context. 
C)  effectively overcome proactive interference. 
D)  activate transfer-appropriate processing. 
A)  prime the workers' conceptual hierarchies. 
B)  successfully reinstate the context. 
C)  effectively overcome proactive interference. 
D)  activate transfer-appropriate processing.

Question 11

Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines

Accepted Answer

A)  perception. 
B)  processing. 
C)  attention. 
D)  sensation. 
A)  perception. 
B)  processing. 
C)  attention. 
D)  sensation.

Question 12

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory, the memory system that allows for the sensation of a visual pattern, sound, or touch to longer for a brief moment after the sensory stimulation is over is called?

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic memory 
B)  sensory memory 
C)  long term memory 
D)  short-term memory 
A)  semantic memory 
B)  sensory memory 
C)  long term memory 
D)  short-term memory

Question 13

Poor memory for information often occurs when the information only receives a shallow level of processing. In this case, the memory failure would be the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  ineffective encoding. 
B)  storage failure. 
C)  retrieval failure. 
D)  interference. 
A)  ineffective encoding. 
B)  storage failure. 
C)  retrieval failure. 
D)  interference.

Question 14

Connectionist models of memory are based on

Accepted Answer

A)  connections between sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. 
B)  connections between encoding, storage, and retrieval. 
C)  how neural networks process information. 
D)  how computer systems process information. 
A)  connections between sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. 
B)  connections between encoding, storage, and retrieval. 
C)  how neural networks process information. 
D)  how computer systems process information.

Question 15

Jeannie believes her research idea was original with her, but it was really one she had heard from a colleague in an earlier discussion. Jeannie's belief is referred to as an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  cryptomnesia. 
B)  anterograde amnesia. 
C)  retrograde amnesia. 
D)  plagiarasmia. 
A)  cryptomnesia. 
B)  anterograde amnesia. 
C)  retrograde amnesia. 
D)  plagiarasmia.

Question 16

You have an exam at 8 a.m. and it is now 8 p.m. the night before. You have studied well. The BEST thing to do now is

Accepted Answer

A)  study some other similar topic. 
B)  study some other very different topic. 
C)  play cards with others in the dorm. 
D)  sleep all night. 
A)  study some other similar topic. 
B)  study some other very different topic. 
C)  play cards with others in the dorm. 
D)  sleep all night.

Question 17

A multilevel classification system based on common properties among items is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a script. 
B)  a schema. 
C)  a conceptual hierarchy. 
D)  a mnemonic device. 
A)  a script. 
B)  a schema. 
C)  a conceptual hierarchy. 
D)  a mnemonic device.

Question 18

The approach to encoding that involves deciding how or whether information is personally relevant is

Accepted Answer

A)  deep processing encoding. 
B)  semantic encoding. 
C)  self-referent encoding. 
D)  dual-code encoding. 
A)  deep processing encoding. 
B)  semantic encoding. 
C)  self-referent encoding. 
D)  dual-code encoding.

Question 19

Graham has selected four different universities that he might like to attend, and now he is trying to decide which of the four he should apply to. He has all the material spread out in front of him, and he is carefully considering all the advantages and disadvantages associated with each campus. Based on Baddeley's model of working memory, Graham is utilizing

Accepted Answer

A)  the rehearsal loop to repeat only the most important aspects of each campus. 
B)  the executive control system to juggle all the information he needs to consider. 
C)  the visuospatial sketchpad to mentally manipulate the pros and cons for each campus. 
D)  his prospective memory to keep in mind his overall goals in attending university. 
A)  the rehearsal loop to repeat only the most important aspects of each campus. 
B)  the executive control system to juggle all the information he needs to consider. 
C)  the visuospatial sketchpad to mentally manipulate the pros and cons for each campus. 
D)  his prospective memory to keep in mind his overall goals in attending university.

Question 20

Parallel distribute processing models of memory assert that specific memories correspond to

Accepted Answer

A)  spreading activation within a semantic network. 
B)  particular patterns of activation in the network of neurons. 
C)  excitatory signals to cells in the hippocampus. 
D)  inhibitory signals to cells in the hippocampus. 
A)  spreading activation within a semantic network. 
B)  particular patterns of activation in the network of neurons. 
C)  excitatory signals to cells in the hippocampus. 
D)  inhibitory signals to cells in the hippocampus.

Exam 13: Human Memory Part 1

The process of ____ explains why when we think of one word, such as "fruit," it triggers our thinking of other words, such as "apples and oranges."

Mark is listening as his roommate lists 14 things that they need to buy for their apartment before the end of the week. Based on George Miller's research into the capacity of short-term memory, if Mark doesn't write the items down as he hears them, he is most likely to remember

Which of the following researchers conducted a classic experiment that demonstrated the brief duration of information in sensory memory?

Which of the following is NOT listed in the textbook as a method to enrich encoding of to-be-stored information?

The measure of retention that requires individuals to reproduce information on their own without any cues is

According to Cowan, the capacity of short-term memory has been ____ because researchers have not controlled for ____ by participants.

People often find that they can remember events more easily when in the same place as they were when they first experienced the event. This is because of the influence of ____ on ____.

The ____ component of working memory serves as the interface between working and long-term memory.

Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory, the memory system that allows for the sensation of a visual pattern, sound, or touch to longer for a brief moment after the sensory stimulation is over is called?

Poor memory for information often occurs when the information only receives a shallow level of processing. In this case, the memory failure would be the result of

Connectionist models of memory are based on

Jeannie believes her research idea was original with her, but it was really one she had heard from a colleague in an earlier discussion. Jeannie's belief is referred to as an example of

You have an exam at 8 a.m. and it is now 8 p.m. the night before. You have studied well. The BEST thing to do now is

A multilevel classification system based on common properties among items is called

The approach to encoding that involves deciding how or whether information is personally relevant is

Parallel distribute processing models of memory assert that specific memories correspond to

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Social Behavior Part 2

Careers in Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

Statistical Methods

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According to Cowan, the capacity of short-term memory has been because researchers have not controlled for by participants.

People often find that they can remember events more easily when in the same place as they were when they first experienced the event. This is because of the influence of on .