Question 1

How can expectancy theory be used to understand behavior and predict performance?

Accepted Answer

If a person's valued outcomes are known, if the likelihood of achieving these outcomes is realistic, and if one's efforts lead to high performance which in turn results in receipt of valued outcomes, the work situation can be adjusted by the supervisors to enhance employee success.

Question 2

Which of the following would NOT be considered a weakness of expectancy theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The theory assumes a person is totally rational. 
B)  The theory's complexity has made it difficult to test. 
C)  The measures of instrumentality, valence, and expectancy have only weak validity. 
D)  The values for each construct have been relatively stable over time. 
A)  The theory assumes a person is totally rational. 
B)  The theory's complexity has made it difficult to test. 
C)  The measures of instrumentality, valence, and expectancy have only weak validity. 
D)  The values for each construct have been relatively stable over time. D

Question 3

The expectancy theory prediction that people work to maximize their personal outcomes is consistent with:

Accepted Answer

A)  Adams' equity theory of social exchange contributions/inputs. 
B)  Adam Smith's ideas of working in one's own self interest. 
C)  Maslow's hierarchy of need and the progression hypothesis. 
D)  Herzberg's emphasis on pay and hygiene factors. 
A)  Adams' equity theory of social exchange contributions/inputs. 
B)  Adam Smith's ideas of working in one's own self interest. 
C)  Maslow's hierarchy of need and the progression hypothesis. 
D)  Herzberg's emphasis on pay and hygiene factors. B

Question 4

As organizations become increasingly international, pay inequities will become less prevalent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What are some of the characteristics of high achievers?

Accepted Answer

High achievers prefer to be in situation

Question 6

All of the following would be consistent with new ideas in motivation except:

Accepted Answer

A)  eustress. 
B)  that individuals need to be activated by unmet needs. 
C)  that individuals are motivated by their own physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual energy. 
D)  that energy recovery is as important as energy expenditure. 
A)  eustress. 
B)  that individuals need to be activated by unmet needs. 
C)  that individuals are motivated by their own physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual energy. 
D)  that energy recovery is as important as energy expenditure.

Question 7

Match the following:
-Need for achievement

Accepted Answer

A) A projective test used extensively by David McClelland 
B) Desire to accomplish goals and perform at high level 
C) Desire to dominate others 
D) Company policy and working conditions in the two-factor theory 
E) Interest in being around others and developing meaningful relationships 
A) A projective test used extensively by David McClelland 
B) Desire to accomplish goals and perform at high level 
C) Desire to dominate others 
D) Company policy and working conditions in the two-factor theory 
E) Interest in being around others and developing meaningful relationships

Question 8

The belief that performance is connected to rewards is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  expectancy. 
B)  instrumentality. 
C)  valence. 
D)  probability or likelihood. 
A)  expectancy. 
B)  instrumentality. 
C)  valence. 
D)  probability or likelihood.

Question 9

Match the following:
-Self-actualization

Accepted Answer

A) Basic needs for food and water 
B) The assumption that people naturally resist change 
C) Fulfillment of potential 
D) Feeling of self-worth 
E) Assumptions of how to manage individuals who are motivated by higher-order needs 
A) Basic needs for food and water 
B) The assumption that people naturally resist change 
C) Fulfillment of potential 
D) Feeling of self-worth 
E) Assumptions of how to manage individuals who are motivated by higher-order needs

Question 10

Maslow's theory says that only ungratified needs motivate behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

McGregor believed that Theory X assumptions were appropriate for:

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals located at the top of the organization. 
B)  employees located at the lower level of the organization. 
C)  individuals motivated by lower order needs. 
D)  individuals motivated by higher order needs. 
A)  individuals located at the top of the organization. 
B)  employees located at the lower level of the organization. 
C)  individuals motivated by lower order needs. 
D)  individuals motivated by higher order needs.

Question 12

Match the following:
-Physiological needs

Accepted Answer

A) Basic needs for food and water 
B) The assumption that people naturally resist change 
C) Fulfillment of potential 
D) Feeling of self-worth 
E) Assumptions of how to manage individuals who are motivated by higher-order needs 
A) Basic needs for food and water 
B) The assumption that people naturally resist change 
C) Fulfillment of potential 
D) Feeling of self-worth 
E) Assumptions of how to manage individuals who are motivated by higher-order needs

Question 13

Is McGregor's Theory Y more appropriate given today's issues of managing organizational behavior? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Yes. Employee empowerment, participative

Question 14

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is used to measure:

Accepted Answer

A)  a person's tendency to not use perception. 
B)  the achievement motive of an individual. 
C)  the equity perceptions of an individual. 
D)  cognitive themes of an individual. 
A)  a person's tendency to not use perception. 
B)  the achievement motive of an individual. 
C)  the equity perceptions of an individual. 
D)  cognitive themes of an individual.

Question 15

Match the following:
-External incentives

Accepted Answer

A) The process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behavior 
B) Work conditions related to dissatisfaction caused by discomfort or pain 
C) Factors and conditions outside the person that may explain and predict a person's behavior 
D) What is most appropriate and beneficial to an individual 
E) Attributes and characteristics inside an individual that determine behavior 
A) The process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behavior 
B) Work conditions related to dissatisfaction caused by discomfort or pain 
C) Factors and conditions outside the person that may explain and predict a person's behavior 
D) What is most appropriate and beneficial to an individual 
E) Attributes and characteristics inside an individual that determine behavior

Question 16

Match the following:
-Vroom

Accepted Answer

A) Needs hierarchy theory 
B) Two-factor theory 
C) Expectancy theory 
D) Equity theory 
E) Needs theory 
A) Needs hierarchy theory 
B) Two-factor theory 
C) Expectancy theory 
D) Equity theory 
E) Needs theory

Question 17

McGregor's Theory Y rests on the higher order needs of Maslow's need hierarchy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Match the following:
-Moral maturity

Accepted Answer

A) The likelihood that one's efforts will lead to performance 
B) A person's feeling of fairness 
C) Importance and value of an outcome 
D) The belief that performance is linked to rewards 
E) Helps understand an individual's altruistic, fair, and equitable behavior 
A) The likelihood that one's efforts will lead to performance 
B) A person's feeling of fairness 
C) Importance and value of an outcome 
D) The belief that performance is linked to rewards 
E) Helps understand an individual's altruistic, fair, and equitable behavior

Question 19

A distinguishing feature of Maslow's need hierarchy is the progression hypothesis that says only ungratified needs motivate behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Equity theory can be used to explain consequences stemming from differences in pay. Assume many employees in a department feel underpaid. How would their behavior and performance be?

Accepted Answer

The employees could react to the situati

How can expectancy theory be used to understand behavior and predict performance?

Which of the following would NOT be considered a weakness of expectancy theory?

The expectancy theory prediction that people work to maximize their personal outcomes is consistent with:

As organizations become increasingly international, pay inequities will become less prevalent.

What are some of the characteristics of high achievers?

All of the following would be consistent with new ideas in motivation except:

Match the following: -Need for achievement

The belief that performance is connected to rewards is known as:

Match the following: -Self-actualization

Maslow's theory says that only ungratified needs motivate behavior.

McGregor believed that Theory X assumptions were appropriate for:

Match the following: -Physiological needs

Is McGregor's Theory Y more appropriate given today's issues of managing organizational behavior? Explain.

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is used to measure:

Match the following: -External incentives

Match the following: -Vroom

McGregor's Theory Y rests on the higher order needs of Maslow's need hierarchy.

Match the following: -Moral maturity

A distinguishing feature of Maslow's need hierarchy is the progression hypothesis that says only ungratified needs motivate behavior.

Equity theory can be used to explain consequences stemming from differences in pay. Assume many employees in a department feel underpaid. How would their behavior and performance be?

Organizational Behavior and Opportunity

Challenges for Managers

Personality, Perception, and Attribution

Attitudes, Emotions, and Ethics

Learning and Performance Management

Stress and Well-Being at Work

Communication

Work Teams and Groups

Decision Making by Individuals and Groups

Power and Political Behavior

Leadership and Followership

Conflict and Negotiation

Jobs and the Design of Work

Organizational Design and Structure

Organizational Culture

Career Management

Managing Change

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Exam 5: Motivation at Work

How can expectancy theory be used to understand behavior and predict performance?

Which of the following would NOT be considered a weakness of expectancy theory?

The expectancy theory prediction that people work to maximize their personal outcomes is consistent with:

As organizations become increasingly international, pay inequities will become less prevalent.

What are some of the characteristics of high achievers?

All of the following would be consistent with new ideas in motivation except:

Match the following: -Need for achievement

The belief that performance is connected to rewards is known as:

Match the following: -Self-actualization

Maslow's theory says that only ungratified needs motivate behavior.

McGregor believed that Theory X assumptions were appropriate for:

Match the following: -Physiological needs

Is McGregor's Theory Y more appropriate given today's issues of managing organizational behavior? Explain.

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is used to measure:

Match the following: -External incentives

Match the following: -Vroom

McGregor's Theory Y rests on the higher order needs of Maslow's need hierarchy.

Match the following: -Moral maturity

A distinguishing feature of Maslow's need hierarchy is the progression hypothesis that says only ungratified needs motivate behavior.

Equity theory can be used to explain consequences stemming from differences in pay. Assume many employees in a department feel underpaid. How would their behavior and performance be?

Organizational Behavior and Opportunity

Challenges for Managers

Personality, Perception, and Attribution

Attitudes, Emotions, and Ethics

Learning and Performance Management

Stress and Well-Being at Work

Communication

Work Teams and Groups

Decision Making by Individuals and Groups

Power and Political Behavior

Leadership and Followership

Conflict and Negotiation

Jobs and the Design of Work

Organizational Design and Structure

Organizational Culture

Career Management

Managing Change

Filters