Question 1

The ________ bias is typically associated with negotiation.

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation 
B)  distinction 
C)  anchoring 
D)  hindsight 
E)  availability 
A)  confirmation 
B)  distinction 
C)  anchoring 
D)  hindsight 
E)  availability

Question 2

One of the core problems that created the financial meltdown of 2008 was that large loans were made to individuals who could not repay them, and the finance companies purchased these bad debts without realizing who how poor the prospects of repayment were. Which of the following decision making error was made by the lenders and borrowers?

Accepted Answer

A)  hindsight bias 
B)  availability bias 
C)  overconfidence bias 
D)  confirmation bias 
E)  anchoring bias 
A)  hindsight bias 
B)  availability bias 
C)  overconfidence bias 
D)  confirmation bias 
E)  anchoring bias

Question 3

Which of the following statements is not an example of stereotyping?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no need to offer child care to him; men aren't interested in child care. 
B)  Don't hire an older worker; they can't learn new skills. 
C)  She was good at her last job, so she will be good at this one. 
D)  She won't relocate for a promotion, since women don't relocate. 
E)  The new hire will be emotionally insensitive, since he is a man. 
A)  There is no need to offer child care to him; men aren't interested in child care. 
B)  Don't hire an older worker; they can't learn new skills. 
C)  She was good at her last job, so she will be good at this one. 
D)  She won't relocate for a promotion, since women don't relocate. 
E)  The new hire will be emotionally insensitive, since he is a man.

Question 4

________ indicates the tendency of an individual to attribute his own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fundamental attribution error 
B)  Self-serving bias 
C)  Distinction bias 
D)  Selective perception 
E)  Stereotyping 
A)  Fundamental attribution error 
B)  Self-serving bias 
C)  Distinction bias 
D)  Selective perception 
E)  Stereotyping

Question 5

What factors that operate to shape and sometimes distort perception reside in the perceiver, what factors reside in the target being perceived, and what factors reside in the context of the situation in which the perception is made?

Accepted Answer

A number of factors operate to shape and

Question 6

The students in your class are presenting their oral presentations in front of the entire class. You have heard that there are several frequently used shortcuts to judging others and are wondering if any of these are being used by your teacher.
-Allison has just presented her paper and has done a really good job. Why should you not want to present your own paper directly after she does?

Accepted Answer

A)  to avoid the stereotyping effect 
B)  to avoid the halo effect 
C)  to avoid the contrast effect 
D)  to avoid the projection effect 
E)  to avoid the fundamental attribution error 
A)  to avoid the stereotyping effect 
B)  to avoid the halo effect 
C)  to avoid the contrast effect 
D)  to avoid the projection effect 
E)  to avoid the fundamental attribution error

Question 7

In the ethical yardstick of ________, decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.

Accepted Answer

A)  utilitarianism 
B)  self-serving bias 
C)  bounded rationality 
D)  selective perception 
E)  anchoring bias 
A)  utilitarianism 
B)  self-serving bias 
C)  bounded rationality 
D)  selective perception 
E)  anchoring bias

Question 8

In the real world, what do people typically do when making a decision about a problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  follow the rational decision-making model 
B)  seek the optimal decision 
C)  obtain complete information about all possible alternatives before making a decision 
D)  evaluate all the possible options in an unbiased and objective manner 
E)  find a satisfactory and sufficient solution 
A)  follow the rational decision-making model 
B)  seek the optimal decision 
C)  obtain complete information about all possible alternatives before making a decision 
D)  evaluate all the possible options in an unbiased and objective manner 
E)  find a satisfactory and sufficient solution

Question 9

We tend to accept at face value information that is consistent with our preconceived views, while we are critical and skeptical of information that challenges these views. This represents the ________ bias.

Accepted Answer

A)  distinction 
B)  impact 
C)  hindsight 
D)  confirmation 
E)  self-serving 
A)  distinction 
B)  impact 
C)  hindsight 
D)  confirmation 
E)  self-serving

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Our perception of reality is independent of our personality. 
B)  The context of the situation in which the perception is made has little effect on our perception of reality. 
C)  Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality. 
D)  Our perception of reality is independent of our past experiences. 
E)  We form a perception of a target by looking at it in isolation. 
A)  Our perception of reality is independent of our personality. 
B)  The context of the situation in which the perception is made has little effect on our perception of reality. 
C)  Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality. 
D)  Our perception of reality is independent of our past experiences. 
E)  We form a perception of a target by looking at it in isolation.

Question 11

When we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he/she belongs, it is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias 
B)  stereotyping 
C)  framing effect 
D)  distinction bias 
E)  bandwagon effect 
A)  confirmation bias 
B)  stereotyping 
C)  framing effect 
D)  distinction bias 
E)  bandwagon effect

Question 12

Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the following is one of these three factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  stereotyping 
B)  consistency 
C)  anchoring 
D)  rationality 
E)  intuition 
A)  stereotyping 
B)  consistency 
C)  anchoring 
D)  rationality 
E)  intuition

Question 13

Decision makers construct simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity. That is, they operate within the confines of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  optimal decision making 
B)  intuitive decision making 
C)  bounded rationality 
D)  rationality 
E)  common sense 
A)  optimal decision making 
B)  intuitive decision making 
C)  bounded rationality 
D)  rationality 
E)  common sense

Question 14

________ is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive dissonance 
B)  Environmental analysis 
C)  Social verification 
D)  Emotional labor 
E)  Perception 
A)  Cognitive dissonance 
B)  Environmental analysis 
C)  Social verification 
D)  Emotional labor 
E)  Perception

Question 15

Which of the following traits does a decision maker need to have if they are to fully appraise a problem and even see problems that others are not aware of?

Accepted Answer

A)  creativity 
B)  rationality 
C)  conceptual style 
D)  intuition 
E)  individuality 
A)  creativity 
B)  rationality 
C)  conceptual style 
D)  intuition 
E)  individuality

Question 16

Tom knows that the title insurance company made a mistake on his property title. Because of their mistake, his neighbor now has access to an easement road through the 25 acres located at the back of his property. He can't use the acreage for pasture, because his neighbor insists that the gates remain open. The title company has offered a $40,000 settlement. Tom has decided to take the settlement rather than possibly lose in court if he were to sue the title company for more money. Tom's decision is based on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hindsight bias 
B)  availability bias 
C)  risk aversion 
D)  randomness error 
E)  escalation of commitment 
A)  hindsight bias 
B)  availability bias 
C)  risk aversion 
D)  randomness error 
E)  escalation of commitment

Question 17

Those who spend extensive periods of time in other cultures generate more innovative solutions to problems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Samantha's rating in a job interview is high in contrast to the candidate who was interviewed directly before her, who was rated extremely low. In this case, Samantha's high rating can be partially attributed to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias 
B)  contrast effect 
C)  fundamental attribution error 
D)  self-serving bias 
E)  bandwagon effect 
A)  confirmation bias 
B)  contrast effect 
C)  fundamental attribution error 
D)  self-serving bias 
E)  bandwagon effect

Question 19

The halo effect occurs because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following statements best represents a halo effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  We tend to attribute our own successes to internal factors but we tend to put the blame for our failure on external factors. 
B)  We tend to judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he or she belongs. 
C)  Our reaction to a person is influenced by other persons we have recently encountered. 
D)  We tend to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance. 
E)  When we make judgments about the behavior of other people, we tend to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors. 
A)  We tend to attribute our own successes to internal factors but we tend to put the blame for our failure on external factors. 
B)  We tend to judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he or she belongs. 
C)  Our reaction to a person is influenced by other persons we have recently encountered. 
D)  We tend to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance. 
E)  When we make judgments about the behavior of other people, we tend to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors.

The ________ bias is typically associated with negotiation.

Which of the following statements is not an example of stereotyping?

________ indicates the tendency of an individual to attribute his own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

What factors that operate to shape and sometimes distort perception reside in the perceiver, what factors reside in the target being perceived, and what factors reside in the context of the situation in which the perception is made?

In the ethical yardstick of ________, decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.

In the real world, what do people typically do when making a decision about a problem?

We tend to accept at face value information that is consistent with our preconceived views, while we are critical and skeptical of information that challenges these views. This represents the ________ bias.

Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?

When we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he/she belongs, it is called ________.

Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the following is one of these three factors?

Decision makers construct simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity. That is, they operate within the confines of ________.

________ is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

Which of the following traits does a decision maker need to have if they are to fully appraise a problem and even see problems that others are not aware of?

Those who spend extensive periods of time in other cultures generate more innovative solutions to problems.

Samantha's rating in a job interview is high in contrast to the candidate who was interviewed directly before her, who was rated extremely low. In this case, Samantha's high rating can be partially attributed to the ________.

The halo effect occurs because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see.

Which of the following statements best represents a halo effect?

What Is Organizational Behavior

Diversity in Organizations

Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Emotions and Moods

Personality and Values

Motivation Concepts

Motivation: From Concepts to Applications

Foundations of Group Behavior

Understanding Work Teams

Communication

Leadership

Power and Politics

Conflict and Negotiation

Foundations of Organizational Structure

Organizational Culture

Organizational Change and Stress Management

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Exam 6: Perception and Individual Decision Making

The ________ bias is typically associated with negotiation.

Which of the following statements is not an example of stereotyping?

________ indicates the tendency of an individual to attribute his own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

What factors that operate to shape and sometimes distort perception reside in the perceiver, what factors reside in the target being perceived, and what factors reside in the context of the situation in which the perception is made?

In the ethical yardstick of ________, decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.

In the real world, what do people typically do when making a decision about a problem?

We tend to accept at face value information that is consistent with our preconceived views, while we are critical and skeptical of information that challenges these views. This represents the ________ bias.

Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?

When we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he/she belongs, it is called ________.

Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the following is one of these three factors?

Decision makers construct simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity. That is, they operate within the confines of ________.

________ is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

Which of the following traits does a decision maker need to have if they are to fully appraise a problem and even see problems that others are not aware of?

Those who spend extensive periods of time in other cultures generate more innovative solutions to problems.

Samantha's rating in a job interview is high in contrast to the candidate who was interviewed directly before her, who was rated extremely low. In this case, Samantha's high rating can be partially attributed to the ________.

The halo effect occurs because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see.

Which of the following statements best represents a halo effect?

What Is Organizational Behavior

Diversity in Organizations

Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Emotions and Moods

Personality and Values

Motivation Concepts

Motivation: From Concepts to Applications

Foundations of Group Behavior

Understanding Work Teams

Communication

Leadership

Power and Politics

Conflict and Negotiation

Foundations of Organizational Structure

Organizational Culture

Organizational Change and Stress Management

Filters