Question 1

Which statement A-D about the first law of thermodynamics   is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10   F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 is the change in the internal energy of a system.) 
B) q is the energy added to or removed from the system. 
C) q usually is called heat. 
D) w is the energy added to or removed from the system by a deformation; that is, a force moves something. 
E) The statements A-D are all correct. 
A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10   F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 is the change in the internal energy of a system.) 
B) q is the energy added to or removed from the system. 
C) q usually is called heat. 
D) w is the energy added to or removed from the system by a deformation; that is, a force moves something. 
E) The statements A-D are all correct.

Question 2

Which statement A-D about the relationship between energy and work is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A) It takes energy to do work. 
B) When work is done, the energy of something must increase. 
C) When a force moves an object some distance, the energy of the object increases. 
D) When water turns a waterwheel, work is done and the energy of the water decreases. 
E) Statements A-D all are correct. 
A) It takes energy to do work. 
B) When work is done, the energy of something must increase. 
C) When a force moves an object some distance, the energy of the object increases. 
D) When water turns a waterwheel, work is done and the energy of the water decreases. 
E) Statements A-D all are correct.

Question 3

In an experiment, 74.3 g of metallic copper was heated to 100.0F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C and then quickly dropped into 200.0 mL of water in a calorimeter. The heat capacity of the calorimeter with the water was 875 J/F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. The initial temperature of the calorimeter was 27.5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C, and the final temperature after addition of the metal was 29.8F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. What is the value of the molar heat capacity of copper?

Accepted Answer

A) 4.18 J/(mol F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10
C)  
B) 8.17 J/(mol F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10
C)  
C) 49.0 J/(mol F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10
C)  
D) 12.3 J/(mol F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10
C)  
E) 24.5 J/(mol F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10
C)  
A) 4.18 J/(mol F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10
C)  
B) 8.17 J/(mol F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10
C)  
C) 49.0 J/(mol F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10
C)  
D) 12.3 J/(mol F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10
C)  
E) 24.5 J/(mol F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10
C)

Question 4

A diver jumps off a diving board. At which point in the diagram below will the diver possess the greatest kinetic energy?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 5

During the expansion of steam inside the cylinder of a steam engine, the piston moves and the volume of the cylinder increases by 45 mL. The external pressure is a constant 4 atm. Calculate the change in the energy (in joules) of the steam caused by doing this work. Conversion factors are provided on the information page.

Accepted Answer

F1F1F1S1F

Question 6

Isooctane is a good model compound for gasoline. When 1.14 g of isooctane (C8H18, molar mass F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 114 g/mol) reacted with excess oxygen in a constant volume calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increased by 5.83F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. The calorimeter consisted of two components: a steel vessel with a heat capacity of 1.00 kJ/F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C and 2.00 L of water surrounding it. The density and specific heat capacity of water are 1.00 g/mL and 4.184 J/(g F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C), respectively. Use these data to determine the molar enthalpy of combustion of isooctane.

Accepted Answer

A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F105.83 kJ) 
B) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F1054.6 kJ) 
C) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F105,460 kJ) 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F1048,800 J) 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F1048,800 kJ) 
A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F105.83 kJ) 
B) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F1054.6 kJ) 
C) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F105,460 kJ) 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F1048,800 J) 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F1048,800 kJ)

Question 7

A student dissolving some ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) in water notices that the beaker gets cooler as the solid dissolves. This is an example of ________

Accepted Answer

A) an exothermic process. 
B) an endothermic process. 
C) a combustion reaction. 
D) a thermodynamic cycle. 
E) all solvation processes. 
A) an exothermic process. 
B) an endothermic process. 
C) a combustion reaction. 
D) a thermodynamic cycle. 
E) all solvation processes.

Question 8

Lightweight camping stoves typically use a mixture of C5 and C6 hydrocarbons, which is called white gas. Assuming white gas is 100% C5H12 with an enthalpy of combustion of F1F1F1S1F1F1F103,550 kJ/mol, how many grams of it must be used to heat 1.50 L of water from 20F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C to 80F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C? Assume all the energy is used to heat the water.

Accepted Answer

A) 8.96 g 
B) 7.64 g 
C) 9.65 g 
D) 6.99 g 
E) 10.73 g 
A) 8.96 g 
B) 7.64 g 
C) 9.65 g 
D) 6.99 g 
E) 10.73 g

Question 9

Energy that an object has by virtue of its motion is called ________

Accepted Answer

A) kinetic energy. 
B) thermal energy. 
C) potential energy. 
D) orbital energy. 
E) mechanical energy. 
A) kinetic energy. 
B) thermal energy. 
C) potential energy. 
D) orbital energy. 
E) mechanical energy.

Question 10

In a Reuters news report dated February 3, 2010, President Obama is quoted as saying, "By 2022 we will more than double the amount of biofuels we produce to 36 billion gallons, which will decrease our dependence on foreign oil by hundreds of millions of barrels per year." Use the following information to estimate the fraction of farmland in the United States that will be needed to meet this target in order to assess the impact on other uses of farmland, such as the production of food. (M F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 mega F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 106)
Farmland in the U.S. F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1.4   F1F1F1S1F1F1F10square miles
Energy density of biofuels F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 100 MJ/gal
Annual biofuel production from farmland F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1,000 gal/acre
640 acres F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1 square mile
1 gal F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 3.785 L
Mass density of biofuels: 800 g/L

Accepted Answer

A) 0.4% 
B) 1.0% 
C) 4.0% 
D) 10% 
E) 40% 
A) 0.4% 
B) 1.0% 
C) 4.0% 
D) 10% 
E) 40%

Question 11

The change in enthalpy and the change in internal energy of a system always will be equal when ________

Accepted Answer

A) the process is exothermic. 
B) the process is endothermic. 
C) the process is isothermal. 
D) the pressure is constant. 
E) the volume is constant. 
A) the process is exothermic. 
B) the process is endothermic. 
C) the process is isothermal. 
D) the pressure is constant. 
E) the volume is constant.

Question 12

Which statement A-D about the first law of thermodynamics   is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A) q is the energy added to or removed from the system by a temperature difference. 
B) w is the energy added to or removed from the system by a deformation; that is, a force moves something. 
C) If the only work that is done is P-V work, then q F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 the change in enthalpy. 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Esystem is the change in the Gibbs free energy of the system.) 
E) The statements A-D are all correct. 
A) q is the energy added to or removed from the system by a temperature difference. 
B) w is the energy added to or removed from the system by a deformation; that is, a force moves something. 
C) If the only work that is done is P-V work, then q F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 the change in enthalpy. 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Esystem is the change in the Gibbs free energy of the system.) 
E) The statements A-D are all correct.

Question 13

If a mass of 100.0 g moves through a distance of 50.0 m with an acceleration of 25.0 m s-2, how much work was necessary to move the mass? F = ma, where F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration. (1 J = 1 kg m2 s-2)

Accepted Answer

A) 125 kJ 
B) 12.5 kJ 
C) 125 J 
D) 12.5 J 
E) 2.5 J 
A) 125 kJ 
B) 12.5 kJ 
C) 125 J 
D) 12.5 J 
E) 2.5 J

Question 14

Which of the following hydrocarbons has the greatest fuel value?

Accepted Answer

A) C5H12 
B) C7H16 
C) C6H12 
D) C6H14 
E) C10H8 
A) C5H12 
B) C7H16 
C) C6H12 
D) C6H14 
E) C10H8

Question 15

When 1.14 g of octane (molar mass F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 114 g/mol) reacts with excess oxygen in a constant volume calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases by 10.0F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. The heat capacity of the calorimeter is 6.97 kJ/F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. Determine the energy flow, q (reaction).

Accepted Answer

A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F1069.7 kJ) 
B) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F106,970 kJ) 
C) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F1069.7 kJ) 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F106,970 kJ) 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F106.97 kJ) 
A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F1069.7 kJ) 
B) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F106,970 kJ) 
C) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F1069.7 kJ) 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F106,970 kJ) 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F106.97 kJ)

Question 16

Which substance has an enthalpy of formation equal to zero at 25F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C and 1 atm?

Accepted Answer

A) N2(g) 
B) N2(l) 
C) N2(s) 
D) N(g) 
E) N(s) 
A) N2(g) 
B) N2(l) 
C) N2(s) 
D) N(g) 
E) N(s)

Question 17

The following diagrams illustrate the flow of energy (q) and work (w) in different processes. Which one is definitely not an endothermic process?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 18

When 2.50 g of sucrose (molar mass F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 342.30 g/mol) reacts with excess oxygen in a constant volume calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases by 9.17F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. The heat capacity of the calorimeter is 4.90 kJ/F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. Determine the heat of combustion per mole of sucrose.

Accepted Answer

A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F1044.9 kJ/mol) 
B) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F1044.9 kJ/mol) 
C) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F101,030 kJ/mol) 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F106,150 kJ/mol) 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F106,150 kJ/mol) 
A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F1044.9 kJ/mol) 
B) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F1044.9 kJ/mol) 
C) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F101,030 kJ/mol) 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F106,150 kJ/mol) 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F106,150 kJ/mol)

Question 19

In a Reuters news report dated February 3, 2010, President Obama is quoted as saying, "By 2022 we will more than double the amount of biofuels we produce to 36 billion gallons, which will decrease our dependence on foreign oil by hundreds of millions of barrels per year." Use the following information to determine the fraction of our projected 2022 total energy demand this target represents to assess its significance. (M F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 mega F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 106) U.S. projected annual energy demand in 2022: equivalent of 22 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 103 Mbarrels of oil
Energy density of oil: 5.9   F1F1F1S1F1F1F10MJ/barrel
Energy density of biofuels: 100 MJ/gal
Mass density of petroleum: 900 g/L
Mass density of biofuels: 800 g/L
1 gal F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 3.785 L

Accepted Answer

A) 2.8% 
B) 3.6% 
C) 9.2% 
D) 4.5% 
E) 1.8% 
A) 2.8% 
B) 3.6% 
C) 9.2% 
D) 4.5% 
E) 1.8%

Question 20

The first law of thermodynamics implies that ________

Accepted Answer

A) energy is transferred from the surroundings to the system during a combustion reaction. 
B) if a system loses energy to the surroundings, then the surroundings must do an equal amount of work on the system. 
C) if the surroundings gain energy from the system, then the system must lose an equal amount of energy. 
D) energy is transferred from the system to the surroundings during a combustion reaction. 
E) if a system does work on the surroundings, then the surroundings must transfer an equal amount of energy to the system. 
A) energy is transferred from the surroundings to the system during a combustion reaction. 
B) if a system loses energy to the surroundings, then the surroundings must do an equal amount of work on the system. 
C) if the surroundings gain energy from the system, then the system must lose an equal amount of energy. 
D) energy is transferred from the system to the surroundings during a combustion reaction. 
E) if a system does work on the surroundings, then the surroundings must transfer an equal amount of energy to the system.

Which statement A-D about the first law of thermodynamics is not correct?

Which statement A-D about the relationship between energy and work is not correct?

A diver jumps off a diving board. At which point in the diagram below will the diver possess the greatest kinetic energy?

A student dissolving some ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) in water notices that the beaker gets cooler as the solid dissolves. This is an example of ________

Energy that an object has by virtue of its motion is called ________

The change in enthalpy and the change in internal energy of a system always will be equal when ________

Which statement A-D about the first law of thermodynamics is not correct?

If a mass of 100.0 g moves through a distance of 50.0 m with an acceleration of 25.0 m s^-2, how much work was necessary to move the mass? F = ma, where F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration. (1 J = 1 kg m²s^-2)

Which of the following hydrocarbons has the greatest fuel value?

When 1.14 g of octane (molar mass  114 g/mol) reacts with excess oxygen in a constant volume calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases by 10.0C. The heat capacity of the calorimeter is 6.97 kJ/C. Determine the energy flow, q (reaction).

Which substance has an enthalpy of formation equal to zero at 25C and 1 atm?

The following diagrams illustrate the flow of energy (q) and work (w) in different processes. Which one is definitely not an endothermic process?

When 2.50 g of sucrose (molar mass  342.30 g/mol) reacts with excess oxygen in a constant volume calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases by 9.17C. The heat capacity of the calorimeter is 4.90 kJ/C. Determine the heat of combustion per mole of sucrose.

The first law of thermodynamics implies that ________

Matter and Energy: The Origin of the Universe

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: Matter Starts Here

Stoichiometry: Mass, Formulas, and Reactions

Solution Chemistry: The Hydrosphere

Properties of Gases: The Air We Breathe

A Quantum Model of Atoms: Waves and Particles

Chemical Bonds: What Makes a Gas a Greenhouse Gas

Molecular Geometry: Shape Determines Function

Intermolecular Forces: The Uniqueness of Water

Solutions: Properties and Behavior

Solids: Crystals, Alloys, and Polymers

Chemical Kinetics: Reactions in the Atmosphere

Chemical Equilibrium: How Much Product Does a Reaction Really Make

Acidbase Equilibria: Proton Transfer in Biological Systems

Additional Aqueous Equilibria: Chemistry and the Oceans

Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

Electrochemistry: The Quest for Clean Energy

Nuclear Chemistry: Applications to Energy and Medicine

Organic and Biological Molecules: the Compounds of Life

The Main Group Elements: Life and the Periodic Table

Transition Metals: Biological and Medical Applications

Filters

Exam 5: Thermochemistry: Energy Changes in Reactions

Which statement A-D about the first law of thermodynamics is not correct?

Which statement A-D about the relationship between energy and work is not correct?

A diver jumps off a diving board. At which point in the diagram below will the diver possess the greatest kinetic energy?

A student dissolving some ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) in water notices that the beaker gets cooler as the solid dissolves. This is an example of ________

Energy that an object has by virtue of its motion is called ________

The change in enthalpy and the change in internal energy of a system always will be equal when ________

Which statement A-D about the first law of thermodynamics is not correct?

If a mass of 100.0 g moves through a distance of 50.0 m with an acceleration of 25.0 m s-2, how much work was necessary to move the mass? F = ma, where F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration. (1 J = 1 kg m2 s-2)

Which of the following hydrocarbons has the greatest fuel value?

When 1.14 g of octane (molar mass  114 g/mol) reacts with excess oxygen in a constant volume calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases by 10.0C. The heat capacity of the calorimeter is 6.97 kJ/C. Determine the energy flow, q (reaction).

Which substance has an enthalpy of formation equal to zero at 25C and 1 atm?

The following diagrams illustrate the flow of energy (q) and work (w) in different processes. Which one is definitely not an endothermic process?

When 2.50 g of sucrose (molar mass  342.30 g/mol) reacts with excess oxygen in a constant volume calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases by 9.17C. The heat capacity of the calorimeter is 4.90 kJ/C. Determine the heat of combustion per mole of sucrose.

The first law of thermodynamics implies that ________

Matter and Energy: The Origin of the Universe

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: Matter Starts Here

Stoichiometry: Mass, Formulas, and Reactions

Solution Chemistry: The Hydrosphere

Properties of Gases: The Air We Breathe

A Quantum Model of Atoms: Waves and Particles

Chemical Bonds: What Makes a Gas a Greenhouse Gas

Molecular Geometry: Shape Determines Function

Intermolecular Forces: The Uniqueness of Water

Solutions: Properties and Behavior

Solids: Crystals, Alloys, and Polymers

Chemical Kinetics: Reactions in the Atmosphere

Chemical Equilibrium: How Much Product Does a Reaction Really Make

Acidbase Equilibria: Proton Transfer in Biological Systems

Additional Aqueous Equilibria: Chemistry and the Oceans

Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

Electrochemistry: The Quest for Clean Energy

Nuclear Chemistry: Applications to Energy and Medicine

Organic and Biological Molecules: the Compounds of Life

The Main Group Elements: Life and the Periodic Table

Transition Metals: Biological and Medical Applications

Filters

A student dissolving some ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) in water notices that the beaker gets cooler as the solid dissolves. This is an example of ________

If a mass of 100.0 g moves through a distance of 50.0 m with an acceleration of 25.0 m s^-2, how much work was necessary to move the mass? F = ma, where F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration. (1 J = 1 kg m²s^-2)