Question 1

Which individuals may be more susceptible to paracetamol overdose? Why?

Accepted Answer

Paracetamol can cause potentially fatal acute liver disease.Children under 4 years old have a very low therapeutic index and are therefore more susceptible to overdose.Heavy alcohol drinkers may be more susceptible to overdose,as ethanol likely increases the rate of conversion of paracetamol to its toxic metabolite.

Question 2

Aspirin needs to be stopped approximately ________ before planned surgery and some complex dental procedures because of the possibility of increased bleeding.

Accepted Answer

A)  two days 
B)  seven days 
C)  two weeks 
D)  seven weeks 
A)  two days 
B)  seven days 
C)  two weeks 
D)  seven weeks B

Question 3

NSAIDs may not be suitable for use in individuals with renal impairment because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase sodium excretion. 
B)  increase body temperature. 
C)  reduce the glomerular filtration rate. 
D)  reduce pepsin levels in the stomach. 
A)  increase sodium excretion. 
B)  increase body temperature. 
C)  reduce the glomerular filtration rate. 
D)  reduce pepsin levels in the stomach. C

Question 4

Which micronutrient should be supplemented with methotrexate use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Folate 
B)  Thiamin 
C)  Riboflavin 
D)  Pyridoxine 
A)  Folate 
B)  Thiamin 
C)  Riboflavin 
D)  Pyridoxine

Question 5

Controlled-release preparations of ketoprofen should be taken ________ to improve the symptoms of arthritic pain.

Accepted Answer

A)  immediately after meals 
B)  15 minutes before physical activity 
C)  at bedtime 
D)  upon rising in the morning 
A)  immediately after meals 
B)  15 minutes before physical activity 
C)  at bedtime 
D)  upon rising in the morning

Question 6

Which enzyme is the target for inhibition by the NSAIDs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyclo-oxygenase 
B)  Phospholipase A 
C)  Adenylate cyclase 
D)  5-Lipoxygenase 
A)  Cyclo-oxygenase 
B)  Phospholipase A 
C)  Adenylate cyclase 
D)  5-Lipoxygenase

Question 7

The combined use of salicylates and corticosteroids may lead to ________ and should therefore be avoided.

Accepted Answer

A)  tinnitus 
B)  renal failure 
C)  peptic ulceration 
D)  liver failure 
A)  tinnitus 
B)  renal failure 
C)  peptic ulceration 
D)  liver failure

Question 8

The propionic acid derivatives ibuprofen and naproxen are useful for children suffering from inflammatory disease because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  are not metabolised in the liver. 
B)  do not cause gastrointestinal problems. 
C)  are available as oral liquids so that the exact dose can be administered. 
D)  do not affect platelet aggregation. 
A)  are not metabolised in the liver. 
B)  do not cause gastrointestinal problems. 
C)  are available as oral liquids so that the exact dose can be administered. 
D)  do not affect platelet aggregation.

Question 9

Extreme diligence should be exercised in administering the correct dose of paracetamol to children because overdose can lead to:

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrointestinal bleeding. 
B)  renal failure. 
C)  inhibition of the hypothalamic control on temperature. 
D)  liver damage. 
A)  gastrointestinal bleeding. 
B)  renal failure. 
C)  inhibition of the hypothalamic control on temperature. 
D)  liver damage.

Question 10

Describe the effects of prostaglandins on inflammation and pain.

Accepted Answer

They cause vasodilator and inc

Exam 40: Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Non-opioid Analgesic Agents

Which individuals may be more susceptible to paracetamol overdose? Why?

Aspirin needs to be stopped approximately ________ before planned surgery and some complex dental procedures because of the possibility of increased bleeding.

NSAIDs may not be suitable for use in individuals with renal impairment because they:

Which micronutrient should be supplemented with methotrexate use?

Controlled-release preparations of ketoprofen should be taken ________ to improve the symptoms of arthritic pain.

Which enzyme is the target for inhibition by the NSAIDs?

The combined use of salicylates and corticosteroids may lead to ________ and should therefore be avoided.

The propionic acid derivatives ibuprofen and naproxen are useful for children suffering from inflammatory disease because they:

Extreme diligence should be exercised in administering the correct dose of paracetamol to children because overdose can lead to:

Describe the effects of prostaglandins on inflammation and pain.

Sociocultural Aspects

Health Professionals and the Law

Ethical Issues

the Roles and Responsibilities of Health Professionals in Medicine Adherence, Education and Advocacy

the Roles and Responsibilities of Health Professionals in Medicine Management

Medicine Formulations, Storage and Routes of Administration

the Clinical Decision-making Process

Medicine Administration Strategies and Documentation

Medication Errors

Management of Common Adverse Drug Reactions

Risk Communication: Balancing the Benefits and Risks of Drug Treatment

Drug Nomenclature

Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics Metabolism and Excretion

Drug Interactions

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Development, Evaluation and Safety

Genetic Considerations in Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetic Factors That Modify Drug Action

Paediatric and Geriatric Pharmacology

Poisoning and Envenomation

the Management of Acute Clinical Overdose

Contemporary Drugs of Abuse

Drug Abuse in Sport

General Aspects of Neuropharmacology

Adrenergic Pharmacology

Cholinergic Pharmacology

An Introduction to Chemical Mediators

Histamine and Antihistamines

Prostaglandins and Serotonin

Nitric Oxide and the Endothelins

General concepts of Psychopharmacology

Antipsychotics

Anxiolytics and Hypnotics

Antidepressants and Mood Stabilisers

Medicines Used in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Antiseizure Agents and Muscle Relaxants

Central Nervous System Stimulants

Opioid Analgesics

Medicines Used to Treat Migraine

General Anaesthesia

Local Anesthesia

Medicines Used to Lower Blood Lipids

Antihypertensive Agents

Medicines Used to Promote Tissue Perfusion

Antithrombotic, Fibrinolytic and Haemostatic Agents

Diuretics and Other Renal Medicines

Topic: Medicines Used to Treat Heart Failure

Medicines Used to Treat Cardiac Dysrhythmia

Fluid and Potassium Imbalances

Antianaemic Agents

Medicines Used to Maintain Gas Exchange

Medicines for Upper Respiratory Tract Conditions

Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Medicines

Lower Castrointestinal Tract Medicines

Antiemetic Agents

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Medicines and the Pituitary Gland

Medicines and the Thyroid

Medicines and the Pancreas

Medicines Affecting the Adrenal Cortex

Medicines and the Gonads

Medicines and Bone Metabolism

Hyperuricaemia and Gout

Obesity and Its Treatment

Introduction to Chemotherapy

Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim

Antibacterial Agents

Antituberculotic and Antileprotic Agents