Question 1

Vitamin D deficiency may occur due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypercalcaemia. 
B)  use of selective oestrogen receptor modulators. 
C)  inadequate sun exposure. 
D)  use of calcipotriol. 
A)  hypercalcaemia. 
B)  use of selective oestrogen receptor modulators. 
C)  inadequate sun exposure. 
D)  use of calcipotriol. C

Question 2

Which of the following foods inhibit absorption of calcium due to high phytic acid content?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unrefined cereals 
B)  Green vegetables 
C)  Strawberries 
D)  Cow's milk 
A)  Unrefined cereals 
B)  Green vegetables 
C)  Strawberries 
D)  Cow's milk A

Question 3

Which factors play a role in calcium absorption in women? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Minimal dietary calcium 
B)  Menopause 
C)  Vitamin D deficiency 
D)  Chronic kidney disease 
E)  Diabetes 
A)  Minimal dietary calcium 
B)  Menopause 
C)  Vitamin D deficiency 
D)  Chronic kidney disease 
E)  Diabetes A,B,C,D

Question 4

Describe the role of parathyroid hormone with regards to regulation of blood calcium levels.

Accepted Answer

It helps release calcium from

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true about vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deficiency in the vitamin leads to an increase in bone mineralisation. 
B)  It is absorbed via the gastrointestinal system from vegetable products and some fish. 
C)  It is essential in the regulation of calcium and phosphorous in the body. 
D)  It can be made as long as the skin has enough exposure to UV rays. 
A)  Deficiency in the vitamin leads to an increase in bone mineralisation. 
B)  It is absorbed via the gastrointestinal system from vegetable products and some fish. 
C)  It is essential in the regulation of calcium and phosphorous in the body. 
D)  It can be made as long as the skin has enough exposure to UV rays.

Question 6

Which finding would you expect to see with Paget's disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypocalcaemia 
B) Hypercalcaemia 
C)  Decrease in osteoclasts 
D) Hypervitaminosis D 
A) Hypocalcaemia 
B) Hypercalcaemia 
C)  Decrease in osteoclasts 
D) Hypervitaminosis D

Question 7

The mechanism of action of the bisphosphonates is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  release calcium from bones. 
B)  inhibit bone breakdown and resorption. 
C)  increase the sensitivity of the calcium-sensing receptors on parathyroid gland cells. 
D)  raise the blood levels of oestrogen. 
A)  release calcium from bones. 
B)  inhibit bone breakdown and resorption. 
C)  increase the sensitivity of the calcium-sensing receptors on parathyroid gland cells. 
D)  raise the blood levels of oestrogen.

Question 8

Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a serious adverse effect of which drug class?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bisphosphonates 
B)  Calcimimetic agents 
C)  Monoclonal antibodies 
D)  Calcitonin 
A)  Bisphosphonates 
B)  Calcimimetic agents 
C)  Monoclonal antibodies 
D)  Calcitonin

Exam 64: Medicines and Bone Metabolism

Vitamin D deficiency may occur due to:

Which of the following foods inhibit absorption of calcium due to high phytic acid content?

Which factors play a role in calcium absorption in women? Select all that apply.

Describe the role of parathyroid hormone with regards to regulation of blood calcium levels.

Which of the following is NOT true about vitamin D?

Which finding would you expect to see with Paget's disease?

The mechanism of action of the bisphosphonates is to:

Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a serious adverse effect of which drug class?

Sociocultural Aspects

Health Professionals and the Law

Ethical Issues

the Roles and Responsibilities of Health Professionals in Medicine Adherence, Education and Advocacy

the Roles and Responsibilities of Health Professionals in Medicine Management

Medicine Formulations, Storage and Routes of Administration

the Clinical Decision-making Process

Medicine Administration Strategies and Documentation

Medication Errors

Management of Common Adverse Drug Reactions

Risk Communication: Balancing the Benefits and Risks of Drug Treatment

Drug Nomenclature

Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics Metabolism and Excretion

Drug Interactions

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Development, Evaluation and Safety

Genetic Considerations in Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetic Factors That Modify Drug Action

Paediatric and Geriatric Pharmacology

Poisoning and Envenomation

the Management of Acute Clinical Overdose

Contemporary Drugs of Abuse

Drug Abuse in Sport

General Aspects of Neuropharmacology

Adrenergic Pharmacology

Cholinergic Pharmacology

An Introduction to Chemical Mediators

Histamine and Antihistamines

Prostaglandins and Serotonin

Nitric Oxide and the Endothelins

General concepts of Psychopharmacology

Antipsychotics

Anxiolytics and Hypnotics

Antidepressants and Mood Stabilisers

Medicines Used in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Antiseizure Agents and Muscle Relaxants

Central Nervous System Stimulants

Opioid Analgesics

Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Non-opioid Analgesic Agents

Medicines Used to Treat Migraine

General Anaesthesia

Local Anesthesia

Medicines Used to Lower Blood Lipids

Antihypertensive Agents

Medicines Used to Promote Tissue Perfusion

Antithrombotic, Fibrinolytic and Haemostatic Agents

Diuretics and Other Renal Medicines

Topic: Medicines Used to Treat Heart Failure

Medicines Used to Treat Cardiac Dysrhythmia

Fluid and Potassium Imbalances

Antianaemic Agents

Medicines Used to Maintain Gas Exchange

Medicines for Upper Respiratory Tract Conditions

Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Medicines

Lower Castrointestinal Tract Medicines

Antiemetic Agents

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Medicines and the Pituitary Gland

Medicines and the Thyroid

Medicines and the Pancreas

Medicines Affecting the Adrenal Cortex

Medicines and the Gonads

Hyperuricaemia and Gout

Obesity and Its Treatment

Introduction to Chemotherapy

Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim

Antibacterial Agents

Antituberculotic and Antileprotic Agents

Antiseptics and Disinfectants

Antiparasitic Agents