Question 1

Which of the following is a drug group that is used in the treatment of glaucoma that decreases aqueous humour production?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prostamides 
B)  Prostaglandins 
C)  Muscarinic agonists 
D)  β-blockers 
A)  Prostamides 
B)  Prostaglandins 
C)  Muscarinic agonists 
D)  β-blockers D

Question 2

Which oral medication can cause a disturbance in colour vision?

Accepted Answer

A) Digoxin 
B) Chloroquine 
C) Thimerosal 
D) Azelastine 
A) Digoxin 
B) Chloroquine 
C) Thimerosal 
D) Azelastine A

Question 3

One effect of parasympathetic stimulation of the eye is:

Accepted Answer

A)  pupil dilation. 
B)  vasodilation. 
C)  relaxation for far vision. 
D)  increased production of aqueous humour. 
A)  pupil dilation. 
B)  vasodilation. 
C)  relaxation for far vision. 
D)  increased production of aqueous humour. B

Question 4

Which of the following drug groups can be used as mydriatic agents?

Accepted Answer

A)  β-blockers 
B)  Prostaglandin analogues 
C)  Muscarinic agonists 
D)  α-adrenergic agonists 
A)  β-blockers 
B)  Prostaglandin analogues 
C)  Muscarinic agonists 
D)  α-adrenergic agonists

Question 5

Which one of the following drug groups is NOT currently used in the management of glaucoma?

Accepted Answer

A) Anticholinesterases 
B) Prostaglandins 
C) Diuretics 
D) Prostamides 
A) Anticholinesterases 
B) Prostaglandins 
C) Diuretics 
D) Prostamides

Question 6

The first-choice treatment for glaucoma is:

Accepted Answer

A)  miotics. 
B)  β-blockers. 
C)  sympathomimetic agents. 
D)  diuretics 
A)  miotics. 
B)  β-blockers. 
C)  sympathomimetic agents. 
D)  diuretics

Question 7

Factors that can affect the rate of topical drug absorption into the eyeball include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the pH of the environment. 
B)  corneal integrity. 
C)  the age of the person. 
D)  blinking. 
A)  the pH of the environment. 
B)  corneal integrity. 
C)  the age of the person. 
D)  blinking.

Question 8

The site of administration of an intracameral injection would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  directly under the conjunctival membrane. 
B)  into the posterior cavity. 
C)  into the anterior chamber. 
D)  behind the eyeball. 
A)  directly under the conjunctival membrane. 
B)  into the posterior cavity. 
C)  into the anterior chamber. 
D)  behind the eyeball.

Question 9

For a drug to be absorbed into the eyeball through the cornea,it would need to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  lipophilic only. 
B)  hydrophilic only. 
C)  hydrophobic only. 
D)  both lipophilic and hydrophilic. 
A)  lipophilic only. 
B)  hydrophilic only. 
C)  hydrophobic only. 
D)  both lipophilic and hydrophilic.

Question 10

Systemic absorption of eye drops can be prevented by:

Accepted Answer

A)  waiting at least 10 minutes between administering drops. 
B)  tilting the head back during instillation. 
C)  closing the eye very slowly following instillation. 
D)  applying pressure to the tear duct immediately after instillation. 
A)  waiting at least 10 minutes between administering drops. 
B)  tilting the head back during instillation. 
C)  closing the eye very slowly following instillation. 
D)  applying pressure to the tear duct immediately after instillation.

Question 11

Topical corticosteroids for use in inflammatory eye conditions should not be used for more than ________ week(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 12

Describe the pathophysiology of glaucoma.

Accepted Answer

Glaucoma is caused by increase

Question 13

Which of the following is a part of the vascular tunic?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sclera 
B)  The iris 
C)  The central fovea 
D)  The extrinsic muscles 
A)  The sclera 
B)  The iris 
C)  The central fovea 
D)  The extrinsic muscles

Question 14

Which eye preparation is used diagnostically?

Accepted Answer

A) Timolol 
B) Fluorescein 
C) Diclofenac 
D) Fusidic acid 
A) Timolol 
B) Fluorescein 
C) Diclofenac 
D) Fusidic acid

Question 15

Drugs related to the antiviral agent aciclovir are used in the management of ophthalmic conditions such as:

Accepted Answer

A)  trachoma. 
B)  CMV-induced retinitis. 
C)  Candida albicans infection. 
D)  purulent bacterial infections. 
A)  trachoma. 
B)  CMV-induced retinitis. 
C)  Candida albicans infection. 
D)  purulent bacterial infections.

Question 16

Which one of the following reactions is NOT a common adverse reaction to topical application of ophthalmic drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  A stinging sensation 
B)  Altered colour vision 
C)  Oedema 
D)  A burning sensation 
A)  A stinging sensation 
B)  Altered colour vision 
C)  Oedema 
D)  A burning sensation

Question 17

The middle layer of the eye is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  fibrous tunic. 
B)  sclera. 
C)  vascular tunic. 
D)  choroid. 
A)  fibrous tunic. 
B)  sclera. 
C)  vascular tunic. 
D)  choroid.

Question 18

Trachoma is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  a chlamydial eye infection. 
B)  an impairment of aqueous humour drainage. 
C)  a form of cancer that affects the eyeball. 
D)  an ingrowing eyelash. 
A)  a chlamydial eye infection. 
B)  an impairment of aqueous humour drainage. 
C)  a form of cancer that affects the eyeball. 
D)  an ingrowing eyelash.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT appropriate advice to offer an individual receiving verteporfin treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  As verteporfin can cause blurring or black spots, driving a car or operating machinery should be avoided. 
B)  Avoid skin and eye exposure to sunlight and to bright indoor light for 48 hours after treatment. 
C)  Remain in a darkened room when staying indoors. 
D)  Wear protective clothing and sunglasses at all times when going outside. 
A)  As verteporfin can cause blurring or black spots, driving a car or operating machinery should be avoided. 
B)  Avoid skin and eye exposure to sunlight and to bright indoor light for 48 hours after treatment. 
C)  Remain in a darkened room when staying indoors. 
D)  Wear protective clothing and sunglasses at all times when going outside.

Question 20

Visual accommodation results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic stimulation of the iris. 
B)  parasympathetic stimulation of the ciliary processes. 
C)  sympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal apparatus. 
D)  parasympathetic stimulation of the ciliary muscle. 
A)  sympathetic stimulation of the iris. 
B)  parasympathetic stimulation of the ciliary processes. 
C)  sympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal apparatus. 
D)  parasympathetic stimulation of the ciliary muscle.

Exam 78: Medicines and the Eye

Which of the following is a drug group that is used in the treatment of glaucoma that decreases aqueous humour production?

Which oral medication can cause a disturbance in colour vision?

One effect of parasympathetic stimulation of the eye is:

Which of the following drug groups can be used as mydriatic agents?

Which one of the following drug groups is NOT currently used in the management of glaucoma?

The first-choice treatment for glaucoma is:

Factors that can affect the rate of topical drug absorption into the eyeball include all of the following EXCEPT:

The site of administration of an intracameral injection would be:

For a drug to be absorbed into the eyeball through the cornea,it would need to be:

Systemic absorption of eye drops can be prevented by:

Topical corticosteroids for use in inflammatory eye conditions should not be used for more than ________ week(s).

Describe the pathophysiology of glaucoma.

Which of the following is a part of the vascular tunic?

Which eye preparation is used diagnostically?

Drugs related to the antiviral agent aciclovir are used in the management of ophthalmic conditions such as:

Which one of the following reactions is NOT a common adverse reaction to topical application of ophthalmic drugs?

The middle layer of the eye is called the:

Trachoma is associated with:

Which of the following is NOT appropriate advice to offer an individual receiving verteporfin treatment?

Visual accommodation results from:

Sociocultural Aspects

Health Professionals and the Law

Ethical Issues

the Roles and Responsibilities of Health Professionals in Medicine Adherence, Education and Advocacy

the Roles and Responsibilities of Health Professionals in Medicine Management

Medicine Formulations, Storage and Routes of Administration

the Clinical Decision-making Process

Medicine Administration Strategies and Documentation

Medication Errors

Management of Common Adverse Drug Reactions

Risk Communication: Balancing the Benefits and Risks of Drug Treatment

Drug Nomenclature

Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics Metabolism and Excretion

Drug Interactions

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Development, Evaluation and Safety

Genetic Considerations in Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetic Factors That Modify Drug Action

Paediatric and Geriatric Pharmacology

Poisoning and Envenomation

the Management of Acute Clinical Overdose

Contemporary Drugs of Abuse

Drug Abuse in Sport

General Aspects of Neuropharmacology

Adrenergic Pharmacology

Cholinergic Pharmacology

An Introduction to Chemical Mediators

Histamine and Antihistamines

Prostaglandins and Serotonin

Nitric Oxide and the Endothelins

General concepts of Psychopharmacology

Antipsychotics

Anxiolytics and Hypnotics

Antidepressants and Mood Stabilisers

Medicines Used in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Antiseizure Agents and Muscle Relaxants

Central Nervous System Stimulants

Opioid Analgesics

Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Non-opioid Analgesic Agents

Medicines Used to Treat Migraine

General Anaesthesia

Local Anesthesia

Medicines Used to Lower Blood Lipids

Antihypertensive Agents

Medicines Used to Promote Tissue Perfusion

Antithrombotic, Fibrinolytic and Haemostatic Agents

Diuretics and Other Renal Medicines

Topic: Medicines Used to Treat Heart Failure

Medicines Used to Treat Cardiac Dysrhythmia

Fluid and Potassium Imbalances

Antianaemic Agents

Medicines Used to Maintain Gas Exchange

Medicines for Upper Respiratory Tract Conditions

Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Medicines

Lower Castrointestinal Tract Medicines

Antiemetic Agents

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Medicines and the Pituitary Gland