Question 1

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are useful in the treatment of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Alzheimer's disease. 
B)  multiple sclerosis. 
C)  anxiety. 
D)  depression. 
A)  Alzheimer's disease. 
B)  multiple sclerosis. 
C)  anxiety. 
D)  depression. A

Question 2

How many subtypes of muscarinic receptors have been identified?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two 
B)  Three 
C)  Four 
D)  Five 
A)  Two 
B)  Three 
C)  Four 
D)  Five D

Question 3

Where are nicotinic receptors located?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sweat glands 
B)  Lacrimal glands 
C)  Neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles 
D)  Digestive glands 
A)  Sweat glands 
B)  Lacrimal glands 
C)  Neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles 
D)  Digestive glands C

Question 4

Stimulation of M2 receptors on the heart muscle involves the following second messenger:

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of inositol triphosphate production. 
B)  inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. 
C)  inhibition of inositol triphosphate production. 
D)  activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. 
A)  activation of inositol triphosphate production. 
B)  inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. 
C)  inhibition of inositol triphosphate production. 
D)  activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production.

Question 5

Which set of drug responses best matches the action of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Feelings of relaxation, increased skeletal muscle tone, increased autonomic tone and the release of catecholamines 
B)  Bronchoconstriction, increased gastrointestinal motility, pupil constriction, increased skeletal muscle tension and bradycardia 
C)  Tachycardia, facial flushing, decreased gastrointestinal motility, dry mouth and urinary retention 
D)  Tachycardia, histamine-induced hypotension, muscle relaxation and decreased gastrointestinal motility 
A)  Feelings of relaxation, increased skeletal muscle tone, increased autonomic tone and the release of catecholamines 
B)  Bronchoconstriction, increased gastrointestinal motility, pupil constriction, increased skeletal muscle tension and bradycardia 
C)  Tachycardia, facial flushing, decreased gastrointestinal motility, dry mouth and urinary retention 
D)  Tachycardia, histamine-induced hypotension, muscle relaxation and decreased gastrointestinal motility

Question 6

Muscarinic antagonists have been used as:

Accepted Answer

A)  antispasmodics. 
B)  antiulcerants. 
C)  antiemetics. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  antispasmodics. 
B)  antiulcerants. 
C)  antiemetics. 
D)  All of the above

Question 7

Which enzyme is responsible for the degradation of acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monoamine oxidase 
B)  Cholinesterase 
C)  Catechol-O-methyltransferase 
D)  Both A and B 
A)  Monoamine oxidase 
B)  Cholinesterase 
C)  Catechol-O-methyltransferase 
D)  Both A and B

Question 8

Which of the following agents can be used to reverse the effects of acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cholinergic receptor stimulation 
B)  Suxamethonium 
C)  Tubocurarine 
D)  Atropine 
A)  Cholinergic receptor stimulation 
B)  Suxamethonium 
C)  Tubocurarine 
D)  Atropine

Question 9

Which of the following receptors are activated by acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

A) α1 
B) α2 
C)  β1 
D)  Nicotinic 
A) α1 
B) α2 
C)  β1 
D)  Nicotinic

Question 10

Which of the following muscarinic receptors are located on the myocardium?

Accepted Answer

A)  M1 
B)  M2 
C)  M3 
D)  M4 
A)  M1 
B)  M2 
C)  M3 
D)  M4

Question 11

Following the administration of muscarinic agonist eyedrops,the client should be instructed to:

Accepted Answer

A)  lie down. 
B)  rinse the eye with saline solution. 
C)  perform eye muscle exercises. 
D)  avoid driving and working with dangerous tools. 
A)  lie down. 
B)  rinse the eye with saline solution. 
C)  perform eye muscle exercises. 
D)  avoid driving and working with dangerous tools.

Question 12

Stimulation of the M3 receptors causes:

Accepted Answer

A)  tear production. 
B)  urinary retention. 
C)  decreased gastric motility. 
D)  bronchodilation. 
A)  tear production. 
B)  urinary retention. 
C)  decreased gastric motility. 
D)  bronchodilation.

Question 13

Which of the following agent is used for the management of malignant hyperthermia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atropine 
B)  Suxamethonium. 
C)  Tubocurarine. 
D)  Dantrolene 
A)  Atropine 
B)  Suxamethonium. 
C)  Tubocurarine. 
D)  Dantrolene

Question 14

Acetylcholinesterase breaks acetylcholine into choline and acetate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A major advantage of the non-depolarising neuromuscular blockers over the depolarising neuromuscular blockers is that the effect is reversible.The reason for this is that the:

Accepted Answer

A)  non-depolarising blockers are competitive antagonists at nicotinic receptors. 
B)  depolarising blockers act rapidly and usually have a prolonged action. 
C)  non-depolarising blockers act via histamine release. 
D)  action of depolarising blockers must be terminated by acetylcholinesterase. 
A)  non-depolarising blockers are competitive antagonists at nicotinic receptors. 
B)  depolarising blockers act rapidly and usually have a prolonged action. 
C)  non-depolarising blockers act via histamine release. 
D)  action of depolarising blockers must be terminated by acetylcholinesterase.

Question 16

Overdosing with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor may lead to:

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive sweating. 
B)  nausea and vomiting. 
C)  hallucinations. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  excessive sweating. 
B)  nausea and vomiting. 
C)  hallucinations. 
D)  All of the above

Question 17

Nicotinic agonists can be used in the management of:

Accepted Answer

A)  tobacco dependence. 
B)  glaucoma. 
C)  smoking cessation. 
D)  peptic ulcer. 
A)  tobacco dependence. 
B)  glaucoma. 
C)  smoking cessation. 
D)  peptic ulcer.

Question 18

Neuromuscular agents work on which receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  M1 
B)  M2 
C)  M3 
D)  Nicotinic 
A)  M1 
B)  M2 
C)  M3 
D)  Nicotinic

Exam 27: Cholinergic Pharmacology

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are useful in the treatment of:

How many subtypes of muscarinic receptors have been identified?

Where are nicotinic receptors located?

Stimulation of M2 receptors on the heart muscle involves the following second messenger:

Which set of drug responses best matches the action of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?

Muscarinic antagonists have been used as:

Which enzyme is responsible for the degradation of acetylcholine?

Which of the following agents can be used to reverse the effects of acetylcholine?

Which of the following receptors are activated by acetylcholine?

Which of the following muscarinic receptors are located on the myocardium?

Following the administration of muscarinic agonist eyedrops,the client should be instructed to:

Stimulation of the M3 receptors causes:

Which of the following agent is used for the management of malignant hyperthermia?

Acetylcholinesterase breaks acetylcholine into choline and acetate.

A major advantage of the non-depolarising neuromuscular blockers over the depolarising neuromuscular blockers is that the effect is reversible.The reason for this is that the:

Overdosing with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor may lead to:

Nicotinic agonists can be used in the management of:

Neuromuscular agents work on which receptors?

Sociocultural Aspects

Health Professionals and the Law

Ethical Issues

the Roles and Responsibilities of Health Professionals in Medicine Adherence, Education and Advocacy

the Roles and Responsibilities of Health Professionals in Medicine Management

Medicine Formulations, Storage and Routes of Administration

the Clinical Decision-making Process

Medicine Administration Strategies and Documentation

Medication Errors

Management of Common Adverse Drug Reactions

Risk Communication: Balancing the Benefits and Risks of Drug Treatment

Drug Nomenclature

Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics Metabolism and Excretion

Drug Interactions

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Development, Evaluation and Safety

Genetic Considerations in Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetic Factors That Modify Drug Action

Paediatric and Geriatric Pharmacology

Poisoning and Envenomation

the Management of Acute Clinical Overdose

Contemporary Drugs of Abuse

Drug Abuse in Sport

General Aspects of Neuropharmacology

Adrenergic Pharmacology

An Introduction to Chemical Mediators

Histamine and Antihistamines

Prostaglandins and Serotonin

Nitric Oxide and the Endothelins

General concepts of Psychopharmacology

Antipsychotics

Anxiolytics and Hypnotics

Antidepressants and Mood Stabilisers

Medicines Used in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Antiseizure Agents and Muscle Relaxants

Central Nervous System Stimulants

Opioid Analgesics

Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Non-opioid Analgesic Agents

Medicines Used to Treat Migraine

General Anaesthesia

Local Anesthesia

Medicines Used to Lower Blood Lipids

Antihypertensive Agents

Medicines Used to Promote Tissue Perfusion

Antithrombotic, Fibrinolytic and Haemostatic Agents

Diuretics and Other Renal Medicines

Topic: Medicines Used to Treat Heart Failure

Medicines Used to Treat Cardiac Dysrhythmia

Fluid and Potassium Imbalances

Antianaemic Agents

Medicines Used to Maintain Gas Exchange

Medicines for Upper Respiratory Tract Conditions

Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Medicines

Lower Castrointestinal Tract Medicines

Antiemetic Agents

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Medicines and the Pituitary Gland

Medicines and the Thyroid

Medicines and the Pancreas

Medicines Affecting the Adrenal Cortex

Stimulation of M₂ receptors on the heart muscle involves the following second messenger:

Stimulation of the M₃ receptors causes: