Question 1

When comparing absolute risk reduction to relative risk reduction,one must consider:

Accepted Answer

A)  the incidence of an outcome event. 
B)  the incidence of a sentinel event. 
C)  That only the relative risk statistics are accurate. 
D)  that more weight is given to absolute risk data. 
A)  the incidence of an outcome event. 
B)  the incidence of a sentinel event. 
C)  That only the relative risk statistics are accurate. 
D)  that more weight is given to absolute risk data. A

Question 2

An example of a medication that has been scrutinised for risk-benefit analysis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin. 
B)  warfarin. 
C)  alendronate. 
D)  prednisone. 
A)  insulin. 
B)  warfarin. 
C)  alendronate. 
D)  prednisone. C

Question 3

The ratio of the incidence of the adverse event in those individuals who take the medicine to the incidence of those who do not take the medicine is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  presumptive risk. 
B)  relative risk. 
C)  absolute risk. 
D)  implied risk. 
A)  presumptive risk. 
B)  relative risk. 
C)  absolute risk. 
D)  implied risk. B

Question 4

Relative risk refers to the ratio of the incidence of an adverse event occurring in individuals taking a medication as compared to individuals not taking a medication having the same adverse event.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Although few,there are risk-free medications in use.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Another name for absolute risk is risk difference.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A study examining the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)finds the number needed to treat with HRT to prevent an osteoporotic fracture is 300.This figure means 300 women need to be treated to prevent:

Accepted Answer

A)  one woman from experiencing an osteoporotic fracture. 
B)  five women from experiencing an osteoporotic fracture. 
C)  110 women from experiencing an osteoporotic fracture. 
D)  220 women from experiencing an osteoporotic fracture. 
A)  one woman from experiencing an osteoporotic fracture. 
B)  five women from experiencing an osteoporotic fracture. 
C)  110 women from experiencing an osteoporotic fracture. 
D)  220 women from experiencing an osteoporotic fracture.

Question 8

Which is the correct formula for measuring population absolute risk?

Accepted Answer

A)  Multiply the absolute risk for the incidence of an adverse event by the prevalence of the use of the medication in the population. 
B)  Divide the absolute risk by the prevalence of use in a small subset of the population. 
C)  Multiply the absolute risk for the incidence of a statistically significant adverse event by the likelihood of the medication being taken as directed. 
D)  Divide the possibility of an adverse event occurring by the number of persons likely to be taking the medication. 
A)  Multiply the absolute risk for the incidence of an adverse event by the prevalence of the use of the medication in the population. 
B)  Divide the absolute risk by the prevalence of use in a small subset of the population. 
C)  Multiply the absolute risk for the incidence of a statistically significant adverse event by the likelihood of the medication being taken as directed. 
D)  Divide the possibility of an adverse event occurring by the number of persons likely to be taking the medication.

Question 9

Which of the following strategies would NOT be beneficial in communicating risks and benefits to individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Offer balanced information. 
B)  Use specific, descriptive terms for risk. 
C)  Use a consistent denominator. 
D)  Use visual aids. 
A)  Offer balanced information. 
B)  Use specific, descriptive terms for risk. 
C)  Use a consistent denominator. 
D)  Use visual aids.

Exam 11: Risk Communication: Balancing the Benefits and Risks of Drug Treatment

When comparing absolute risk reduction to relative risk reduction,one must consider:

An example of a medication that has been scrutinised for risk-benefit analysis is:

The ratio of the incidence of the adverse event in those individuals who take the medicine to the incidence of those who do not take the medicine is known as:

Relative risk refers to the ratio of the incidence of an adverse event occurring in individuals taking a medication as compared to individuals not taking a medication having the same adverse event.

Although few,there are risk-free medications in use.

Another name for absolute risk is risk difference.

A study examining the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)finds the number needed to treat with HRT to prevent an osteoporotic fracture is 300.This figure means 300 women need to be treated to prevent:

Which is the correct formula for measuring population absolute risk?

Which of the following strategies would NOT be beneficial in communicating risks and benefits to individuals?

Sociocultural Aspects

Health Professionals and the Law

Ethical Issues

the Roles and Responsibilities of Health Professionals in Medicine Adherence, Education and Advocacy

the Roles and Responsibilities of Health Professionals in Medicine Management

Medicine Formulations, Storage and Routes of Administration

the Clinical Decision-making Process

Medicine Administration Strategies and Documentation

Medication Errors

Management of Common Adverse Drug Reactions

Drug Nomenclature

Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics Metabolism and Excretion

Drug Interactions

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Development, Evaluation and Safety

Genetic Considerations in Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetic Factors That Modify Drug Action

Paediatric and Geriatric Pharmacology

Poisoning and Envenomation

the Management of Acute Clinical Overdose

Contemporary Drugs of Abuse

Drug Abuse in Sport

General Aspects of Neuropharmacology

Adrenergic Pharmacology

Cholinergic Pharmacology

An Introduction to Chemical Mediators

Histamine and Antihistamines

Prostaglandins and Serotonin

Nitric Oxide and the Endothelins

General concepts of Psychopharmacology

Antipsychotics

Anxiolytics and Hypnotics

Antidepressants and Mood Stabilisers

Medicines Used in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Antiseizure Agents and Muscle Relaxants

Central Nervous System Stimulants

Opioid Analgesics

Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Non-opioid Analgesic Agents

Medicines Used to Treat Migraine

General Anaesthesia

Local Anesthesia

Medicines Used to Lower Blood Lipids

Antihypertensive Agents

Medicines Used to Promote Tissue Perfusion

Antithrombotic, Fibrinolytic and Haemostatic Agents

Diuretics and Other Renal Medicines

Topic: Medicines Used to Treat Heart Failure

Medicines Used to Treat Cardiac Dysrhythmia

Fluid and Potassium Imbalances

Antianaemic Agents

Medicines Used to Maintain Gas Exchange

Medicines for Upper Respiratory Tract Conditions

Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Medicines

Lower Castrointestinal Tract Medicines

Antiemetic Agents

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Medicines and the Pituitary Gland

Medicines and the Thyroid

Medicines and the Pancreas

Medicines Affecting the Adrenal Cortex

Medicines and the Gonads

Medicines and Bone Metabolism

Hyperuricaemia and Gout

Obesity and Its Treatment

Introduction to Chemotherapy

Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim

Antibacterial Agents

Antituberculotic and Antileprotic Agents

Antiseptics and Disinfectants