Question 1

Which of the Pueblo peoples built hundreds of miles of straight roads across the desert in the American Southwest to facilitate trade?

Accepted Answer

A)  Apaches 
B)  Anasazis 
C)  Mogollons 
D)  Hohokams 
A)  Apaches 
B)  Anasazis 
C)  Mogollons 
D)  Hohokams

Question 2

What factors explain the different ways in which the Indian peoples of Mesoamerica and North America developed in the era before Europeans arrived in the New World?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Food Pro

Question 3

How did the Renaissance change Western Europe between 1300 and 1600?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- European

Question 4

The rise of commerce in most of Europe in the fifteenth century shifted the balance of power by favoring which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monarchs 
B)  The landed nobility 
C)  Peasants 
D)  Artisans 
A)  Monarchs 
B)  The landed nobility 
C)  Peasants 
D)  Artisans

Question 5

What factors made Native American peoples vulnerable to conquest by European adventurers in the sixteenth century?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Lack of

Question 6

Which of the following describes the political culture among Native Americans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many embraced strong European-style monarchies. 
B)  Powerful leaders redistributed wealth to highlight their authority. 
C)  Women were often in positions of power. 
D)  Democracy was the preferred method of governance. 
A)  Many embraced strong European-style monarchies. 
B)  Powerful leaders redistributed wealth to highlight their authority. 
C)  Women were often in positions of power. 
D)  Democracy was the preferred method of governance.

Question 7

Answer the following  questions :
-Great Basin

Accepted Answer

A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton. 
A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton.

Question 8

Answer the following  questions :
-peasants

Accepted Answer

A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton. 
A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton.

Question 9

Most of the people living in West Africa when European trade began in the early fifteenth century were

Accepted Answer

A)  Muslims. 
B)  Jews. 
C)  Yorubas. 
D)  Animists. 
A)  Muslims. 
B)  Jews. 
C)  Yorubas. 
D)  Animists.

Question 10

During most of the sixteenth century,which of the following was the wealthiest nation in Europe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spain 
B)  England 
C)  Portugal 
D)  France 
A)  Spain 
B)  England 
C)  Portugal 
D)  France

Question 11

Which of the following was characteristic of both the Mississippian and Pueblo peoples?

Accepted Answer

A)  Small-scale communities of hunters and farmers 
B)  Pyramids 
C)  Hieroglyphic writing 
D)  Elaborate ceremonial and urban sites 
A)  Small-scale communities of hunters and farmers 
B)  Pyramids 
C)  Hieroglyphic writing 
D)  Elaborate ceremonial and urban sites

Question 12

Which European nation was the first to involve itself in exploration of the Atlantic as a route to Asia and the African slave trade?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spain 
B)  England 
C)  The Netherlands 
D)  Portugal 
A)  Spain 
B)  England 
C)  The Netherlands 
D)  Portugal

Question 13

Why did the number of Indians living in Mesoamerica decline from about 30 million in the fifteenth century to approximately 3 million by 1650?

Accepted Answer

A)  European contact led the Indians to conduct brutal wars among themselves. 
B)  Most Native Americans fled south to avoid the European raiders. 
C)  Europeans slaughtered millions of Indians in extremely fierce and long-lasting wars. 
D)  Disease carried by Europeans decimated most Indian tribes who came into contact with them. 
A)  European contact led the Indians to conduct brutal wars among themselves. 
B)  Most Native Americans fled south to avoid the European raiders. 
C)  Europeans slaughtered millions of Indians in extremely fierce and long-lasting wars. 
D)  Disease carried by Europeans decimated most Indian tribes who came into contact with them.

Question 14

The social order in Europe around 1450 can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  egalitarian. 
B)  hierarchical and authoritarian. 
C)  bureaucratic and regimented. 
D)  based on clans. 
A)  egalitarian. 
B)  hierarchical and authoritarian. 
C)  bureaucratic and regimented. 
D)  based on clans.

Question 15

The European Renaissance began in 1300 in which of the following countries?

Accepted Answer

A)  England 
B)  Italy 
C)  France 
D)  Spain 
A)  England 
B)  Italy 
C)  France 
D)  Spain

Question 16

Which of the following statements describes the Portuguese connection to African slavery in the 1400s?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Portuguese introduced the idea and practice of slavery in Africa. 
B)  Portuguese traders ousted Arab merchants as the prime African slave merchants. 
C)  By refusing to trade in slaves,Portugal paved the way for the Dutch slave merchants. 
D)  Portuguese traders focused on transporting female slaves for work in agriculture. 
A)  The Portuguese introduced the idea and practice of slavery in Africa. 
B)  Portuguese traders ousted Arab merchants as the prime African slave merchants. 
C)  By refusing to trade in slaves,Portugal paved the way for the Dutch slave merchants. 
D)  Portuguese traders focused on transporting female slaves for work in agriculture.

Question 17

Which of following is the name for the European practice whereby the eldest son inherited nearly all of his father's estate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The dower system 
B)  Primogeniture 
C)  Predestination 
D)  The putting out system 
A)  The dower system 
B)  Primogeniture 
C)  Predestination 
D)  The putting out system

Question 18

Compare and contrast the role of religious ideas and practices in Europe,Africa,and American societies in the 1400s.To what degree did religion benefit ordinary people? In what ways did it create suffering?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Americas

Question 19

Which of the following characteristics did traditional European,Mayan,and Aztec civilizations of the fifteenth century hold in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each was a hierarchal society in which authority came from above. 
B)  In all of these societies,serfdom prevailed. 
C)  All of these societies punished heresies harshly. 
D)  Each culture maintained a matrilineal inheritance system. 
A)  Each was a hierarchal society in which authority came from above. 
B)  In all of these societies,serfdom prevailed. 
C)  All of these societies punished heresies harshly. 
D)  Each culture maintained a matrilineal inheritance system.

Question 20

The Portuguese settlement of Brazil in the 1500s was based around

Accepted Answer

A)  gold mining. 
B)  sugar cultivation. 
C)  tobacco planting. 
D)  maize cultivation. 
A)  gold mining. 
B)  sugar cultivation. 
C)  tobacco planting. 
D)  maize cultivation.

Exam 1: Colliding Worlds, 1491-1600

Which of the Pueblo peoples built hundreds of miles of straight roads across the desert in the American Southwest to facilitate trade?

What factors explain the different ways in which the Indian peoples of Mesoamerica and North America developed in the era before Europeans arrived in the New World?

How did the Renaissance change Western Europe between 1300 and 1600?

The rise of commerce in most of Europe in the fifteenth century shifted the balance of power by favoring which of the following groups?

What factors made Native American peoples vulnerable to conquest by European adventurers in the sixteenth century?

Which of the following describes the political culture among Native Americans?

Answer the following questions : -Great Basin

Answer the following questions : -peasants

Most of the people living in West Africa when European trade began in the early fifteenth century were

During most of the sixteenth century,which of the following was the wealthiest nation in Europe?

Which of the following was characteristic of both the Mississippian and Pueblo peoples?

Which European nation was the first to involve itself in exploration of the Atlantic as a route to Asia and the African slave trade?

Why did the number of Indians living in Mesoamerica decline from about 30 million in the fifteenth century to approximately 3 million by 1650?

The social order in Europe around 1450 can be described as

The European Renaissance began in 1300 in which of the following countries?

Which of the following statements describes the Portuguese connection to African slavery in the 1400s?

Which of following is the name for the European practice whereby the eldest son inherited nearly all of his father's estate?

Compare and contrast the role of religious ideas and practices in Europe,Africa,and American societies in the 1400s.To what degree did religion benefit ordinary people? In what ways did it create suffering?

Which of the following characteristics did traditional European,Mayan,and Aztec civilizations of the fifteenth century hold in common?

The Portuguese settlement of Brazil in the 1500s was based around

American Experiments, 1521-1700

The British Atlantic World, 1607-1750

Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763

The Problem of Empire, 1754-1776

Making War and Republican Governments, 1776-1789

Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787-1820

Economic Transformations, 1800-1848

A Democratic Revolution, 1800-1848

Religion, Reform, and Culture, 1820-1848

Imperial Ambitions, 1820-1848

Sectional Conflict and Crisis, 1844-1860

Bloody Ground: the Civil War, 1861-1865

Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Conquering a Continent, 1860-1890

Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts, 1877-1910

Making Modern American Culture, 1880-1917

Civilizations Inferno: the Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880-1917

Whose Government Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880-1917

An Emerging World Power, 1890-1918

Unsettled Prosperity: From War to Depression, 1919-1932

Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal, 1929-1938

The World at War, 1937-1945

Cold War America, 1945-1963

Triumph of the Middle Class, 1945-1963

Walking Into Freedom Land: the Civil Rights Movement, 1941-1973

Uncivil Wars:liberal Crisis and Conservative Rebirth, 1961-1972

The Search for Order in an Era of Limits, 1973-1980

Conservative America in the Ascent, 1980-1991

Confronting Global and National Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present

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