Question 1

Which of the following was an advantage for the English at the outset of the American Revolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fighting a defensive war 
B)  A more motivated military 
C)  Outdated weaponry 
D)  Experienced and well-trained recruits 
A)  Fighting a defensive war 
B)  A more motivated military 
C)  Outdated weaponry 
D)  Experienced and well-trained recruits D

Question 2

The three-fifths compromise dealt with which of the following issues?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interstate trade 
B)  Presidential terms 
C)  Slavery 
D)  Voting qualifications 
A)  Interstate trade 
B)  Presidential terms 
C)  Slavery 
D)  Voting qualifications C

Question 3

What did Shays's Rebellion,which took place in Massachusetts in the winter of 1786-1787,demonstrate to American political leaders?

Accepted Answer

A)  The institution of slavery posed a threat to the American republic. 
B)  A stronger national government was needed to solve the nation's monetary problems. 
C)  Patriots in Massachusetts had always been more radical than those in the other states. 
D)  Unless they gained the right to vote,propertyless men would destroy the American republic. 
A)  The institution of slavery posed a threat to the American republic. 
B)  A stronger national government was needed to solve the nation's monetary problems. 
C)  Patriots in Massachusetts had always been more radical than those in the other states. 
D)  Unless they gained the right to vote,propertyless men would destroy the American republic. B

Question 4

Why were British forces militarily superior to American forces in the first years of the war? How did the Americans sustain the Revolution between 1776 and 1778? What accounted for the American victory by 1783?

Accepted Answer

Finally,the French alliance wa

Question 5

Answer the following  questions :
-Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Accepted Answer

A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty. 
A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty.

Question 6

The British strategy in its military campaign in the South in 1778 relied on which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  A plan to use Loyalists to fight backcountry Patriots 
B)  Their refusal to exploit racial divisions,fearing that such a strategy might backfire 
C)  A plan to use Loyalists to administer the territories they expected to capture 
D)  Quick and easy victory in Virginia,which they viewed as the most important southern colony 
A)  A plan to use Loyalists to fight backcountry Patriots 
B)  Their refusal to exploit racial divisions,fearing that such a strategy might backfire 
C)  A plan to use Loyalists to administer the territories they expected to capture 
D)  Quick and easy victory in Virginia,which they viewed as the most important southern colony

Question 7

How revolutionary was the American Revolution? What political,social,and economic changes did it produce? What stayed the same?

Accepted Answer

Non-elite men achieved a great role in d

Question 8

American Antifederalist Patrick Henry opposed the ratification of the Constitution for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Henry objected to provisions that protected the interests of slaveholders. 
B)  He feared high taxes,a large bureaucracy,and a standing army. 
C)  As an American from Virginia,he objected to provisions that ran counter to the interests of slaveholders. 
D)  He was concerned that it would deprive the central government of necessary powers. 
A)  Henry objected to provisions that protected the interests of slaveholders. 
B)  He feared high taxes,a large bureaucracy,and a standing army. 
C)  As an American from Virginia,he objected to provisions that ran counter to the interests of slaveholders. 
D)  He was concerned that it would deprive the central government of necessary powers.

Question 9

Answer the following  questions :
-Battle of Long Island (1776)

Accepted Answer

A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty. 
A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty.

Question 10

For this question,refer to the following excerpt. Mr.Martin proposed to vary article 7,sect.4 so as to allow a prohibition or tax on the importation of slaves....[He believed] it was inconsistent with the principles of the Revolution,and dishonorable to the American character,to have such a feature [promoting the slave trade] in the Constitution....
Mr)[Oliver] Ellsworth [of Connecticut] was for leaving the clause as it stands.Let every state import what it pleases.The morality or wisdom of slavery are considerations belonging to the states themselves....
Col)[George] Mason [of Virginia stated that] this infernal trade originated in the avarice of British merchants.The British government constantly checked the attempts of Virginia to put a stop to it.The Western people are already calling out for slaves for their new lands,and will fill that country with slaves,if they can be got through South Carolina and Georgia.Slavery discourages arts and manufactures.The poor despise labor when performed by slaves.They prevent the immigration of whites,who really enrich and strengthen a country....
Every master of slaves is born a petty tyrant.They bring the judgment of Heaven on a country.As nations cannot be rewarded or punished in the next world,they must be in this.By an inevitable chain of causes and effects,Providence punishes national sins by national calamities....He held it essential,in every point of view,that the general government should have power to prevent the increase of slavery....
Gen)[Charles C.] Pinckney [argued that] South Carolina and Georgia cannot do without slaves....He contended that the importation of slaves would be for the interest of the whole Union.The more slaves,the more produce to employ the carrying trade;the more consumption also;and the more of this,the more revenue for the common treasury....
The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787
The excerpt quoted above would be most useful to historians analyzing

Accepted Answer

A)  the series of compromises worked through to form a national government. 
B)  how calls for greater guarantees of rights resulted in the addition of the Bill of Rights. 
C)  the debates among American political leaders about politics and society,religion,and governance. 
D)  why difficulties over trade,interstate relations,and internal unrest led to calls for a stronger central government. 
A)  the series of compromises worked through to form a national government. 
B)  how calls for greater guarantees of rights resulted in the addition of the Bill of Rights. 
C)  the debates among American political leaders about politics and society,religion,and governance. 
D)  why difficulties over trade,interstate relations,and internal unrest led to calls for a stronger central government.

Question 11

Which of the following statements describes the American Revolution's impact on civilians in areas that saw military conflicts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wartime violence was limited to the battlefield and nearby civilians were left unharmed. 
B)  British troops frequently attacked civilian targets despite Patriots' efforts to protect them. 
C)  British troops followed the laws of war,but Americans frequently targeted Loyalist civilians. 
D)  Both British and American troops were known to loot farms and harass and rape civilian women. 
A)  Wartime violence was limited to the battlefield and nearby civilians were left unharmed. 
B)  British troops frequently attacked civilian targets despite Patriots' efforts to protect them. 
C)  British troops followed the laws of war,but Americans frequently targeted Loyalist civilians. 
D)  Both British and American troops were known to loot farms and harass and rape civilian women.

Question 12

Why was the Constitution a controversial document even as it was being written?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Disagree

Question 13

Which of the following statements characterizes postwar trends in American trade?

Accepted Answer

A)  The war had crippled American shipping,which reduced the export of tobacco and other farm goods. 
B)  In the absence of British trade restrictions,the production of tobacco boomed. 
C)  Domestic industries supplied products unavailable from Britain during the war and flourished after the war's end. 
D)  Economic growth spurred by western land sales stimulated American manufacturing and increased exports. 
A)  The war had crippled American shipping,which reduced the export of tobacco and other farm goods. 
B)  In the absence of British trade restrictions,the production of tobacco boomed. 
C)  Domestic industries supplied products unavailable from Britain during the war and flourished after the war's end. 
D)  Economic growth spurred by western land sales stimulated American manufacturing and increased exports.

Question 14

Which of the following issues formed the basis for the major political and economic challenges that faced postrevolutionary state governments in the 1780s?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conflicts between property owners and those who had nothing 
B)  Plentiful but worthless paper currency and big debts 
C)  Wealthy citizens' demands for low taxes and the repudiation of state debts 
D)  Poor citizens' demands for government assistance in finding jobs 
A)  Conflicts between property owners and those who had nothing 
B)  Plentiful but worthless paper currency and big debts 
C)  Wealthy citizens' demands for low taxes and the repudiation of state debts 
D)  Poor citizens' demands for government assistance in finding jobs

Question 15

Which of the following describes the Continental army during the Revolutionary War?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although it grew slowly,the force numbered 75,000 men at its peak. 
B)  It consisted mainly of yeomen farmers and well-to-do young Patriots. 
C)  Most of its recruits were poor native-born youths and older foreign-born men. 
D)  Its morale and discipline exceeded the British army's because it was fighting for a patriotic cause. 
A)  Although it grew slowly,the force numbered 75,000 men at its peak. 
B)  It consisted mainly of yeomen farmers and well-to-do young Patriots. 
C)  Most of its recruits were poor native-born youths and older foreign-born men. 
D)  Its morale and discipline exceeded the British army's because it was fighting for a patriotic cause.

Question 16

Despite the favorable terms Americans achieved in the 1783 Treaty of Paris,they could not ultimately secure which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River 
B)  Rights to fish off the coast of British Newfoundland 
C)  Britain's formal recognition of the thirteen colonies' independence 
D)  Forgiveness of their debts to British merchants 
A)  The lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River 
B)  Rights to fish off the coast of British Newfoundland 
C)  Britain's formal recognition of the thirteen colonies' independence 
D)  Forgiveness of their debts to British merchants

Question 17

To what extent was there a consensus among different social groups about the meaning of America's republican revolution? What evidence does the chapter provide?

Accepted Answer

Native Americans generally viewed the re

Question 18

Why was Abigail Adams a notable figure in the Revolutionary era?

Accepted Answer

A)  She publicly denounced most Patriot leaders as tyrants because they held power over women. 
B)  Adams was married to the Patriot John Adams and helped him with his work. 
C)  She criticized Patriots like her husband John and insisted on equal legal rights for married women. 
D)  She became the only woman to take part in the deliberations of the Continental Congress. 
A)  She publicly denounced most Patriot leaders as tyrants because they held power over women. 
B)  Adams was married to the Patriot John Adams and helped him with his work. 
C)  She criticized Patriots like her husband John and insisted on equal legal rights for married women. 
D)  She became the only woman to take part in the deliberations of the Continental Congress.

Question 19

Which of the following was true under the Articles of Confederation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bills required a unanimous vote to become laws. 
B)  Congress could tax the states and individuals,if necessary. 
C)  Amendments could be passed with a majority of states approving. 
D)  Most of the power remained with the states. 
A)  Bills required a unanimous vote to become laws. 
B)  Congress could tax the states and individuals,if necessary. 
C)  Amendments could be passed with a majority of states approving. 
D)  Most of the power remained with the states.

Question 20

Which of the following statements characterizes events at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777-1778?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Continental army was ill-equipped,but the British troops in nearby Philadelphia also struggled to find adequate food and shelter during the harsh winter. 
B)  Through the training of Baron von Steuben,the Continental army emerged as a much tougher and better-disciplined force. 
C)  Of the 30,000 troops encamped at Valley Forge,one-third deserted and another third died of malnutrition or disease before the winter was over. 
D)  The sufferings of the Continental army were largely a myth,disseminated to win greater sympathy for the Patriot cause. 
A)  The Continental army was ill-equipped,but the British troops in nearby Philadelphia also struggled to find adequate food and shelter during the harsh winter. 
B)  Through the training of Baron von Steuben,the Continental army emerged as a much tougher and better-disciplined force. 
C)  Of the 30,000 troops encamped at Valley Forge,one-third deserted and another third died of malnutrition or disease before the winter was over. 
D)  The sufferings of the Continental army were largely a myth,disseminated to win greater sympathy for the Patriot cause.

Exam 6: Making War and Republican Governments, 1776-1789

Which of the following was an advantage for the English at the outset of the American Revolution?

The three-fifths compromise dealt with which of the following issues?

What did Shays's Rebellion,which took place in Massachusetts in the winter of 1786-1787,demonstrate to American political leaders?

Why were British forces militarily superior to American forces in the first years of the war? How did the Americans sustain the Revolution between 1776 and 1778? What accounted for the American victory by 1783?

Answer the following questions : -Northwest Ordinance of 1787

The British strategy in its military campaign in the South in 1778 relied on which of the following factors?

How revolutionary was the American Revolution? What political,social,and economic changes did it produce? What stayed the same?

American Antifederalist Patrick Henry opposed the ratification of the Constitution for which of the following reasons?

Answer the following questions : -Battle of Long Island (1776)

Which of the following statements describes the American Revolution's impact on civilians in areas that saw military conflicts?

Why was the Constitution a controversial document even as it was being written?

Which of the following statements characterizes postwar trends in American trade?

Which of the following issues formed the basis for the major political and economic challenges that faced postrevolutionary state governments in the 1780s?

Which of the following describes the Continental army during the Revolutionary War?

Despite the favorable terms Americans achieved in the 1783 Treaty of Paris,they could not ultimately secure which of the following?

To what extent was there a consensus among different social groups about the meaning of America's republican revolution? What evidence does the chapter provide?

Why was Abigail Adams a notable figure in the Revolutionary era?

Which of the following was true under the Articles of Confederation?

Which of the following statements characterizes events at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777-1778?

Colliding Worlds, 1491-1600

American Experiments, 1521-1700

The British Atlantic World, 1607-1750

Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763

The Problem of Empire, 1754-1776

Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787-1820

Economic Transformations, 1800-1848

A Democratic Revolution, 1800-1848

Religion, Reform, and Culture, 1820-1848

Imperial Ambitions, 1820-1848

Sectional Conflict and Crisis, 1844-1860

Bloody Ground: the Civil War, 1861-1865

Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Conquering a Continent, 1860-1890

Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts, 1877-1910

Making Modern American Culture, 1880-1917

Civilizations Inferno: the Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880-1917

Whose Government Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880-1917

An Emerging World Power, 1890-1918

Unsettled Prosperity: From War to Depression, 1919-1932

Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal, 1929-1938

The World at War, 1937-1945

Cold War America, 1945-1963

Triumph of the Middle Class, 1945-1963

Walking Into Freedom Land: the Civil Rights Movement, 1941-1973

Uncivil Wars:liberal Crisis and Conservative Rebirth, 1961-1972

The Search for Order in an Era of Limits, 1973-1980

Conservative America in the Ascent, 1980-1991

Confronting Global and National Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present

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