Question 1

What spurred the British Parliament to repeal the Tea Act in 1778?

Accepted Answer

A)  The British East India Tea Company had resurged and the American market was no longer needed. 
B)  British tea merchants finally succeeded in convincing members of Parliament that they needed the American market. 
C)  The British blockade of the Atlantic coast prevented trade and the Tea Act was no longer necessary. 
D)  Parliament hoped it would aid Britain's efforts to seek a negotiated peace with the Continental Congress. 
A)  The British East India Tea Company had resurged and the American market was no longer needed. 
B)  British tea merchants finally succeeded in convincing members of Parliament that they needed the American market. 
C)  The British blockade of the Atlantic coast prevented trade and the Tea Act was no longer necessary. 
D)  Parliament hoped it would aid Britain's efforts to seek a negotiated peace with the Continental Congress.

Question 2

Why did the British surrender to the Americans in the Battle of Yorktown in 1781?

Accepted Answer

A)  The British were outnumbered and cut off from reinforcement or retreat by sea. 
B)  The army was depleted after sending reinforcement troops to General Benedict Arnold. 
C)  General Cornwallis had already suffered a number of defeats as his army moved through Virginia. 
D)  The British planned to continue the war on the American mainland as soon as they had additional supplies. 
A)  The British were outnumbered and cut off from reinforcement or retreat by sea. 
B)  The army was depleted after sending reinforcement troops to General Benedict Arnold. 
C)  General Cornwallis had already suffered a number of defeats as his army moved through Virginia. 
D)  The British planned to continue the war on the American mainland as soon as they had additional supplies.

Question 3

How did the British respond after their loss at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777?

Accepted Answer

A)  The British doubled the size of its army in the colonies. 
B)  They tried to broker a negotiated settlement with the Americans. 
C)  Britain attempted to bolster its forces by a military alliance with Spain. 
D)  The British retreated to ships in New York Harbor to consider their options. 
A)  The British doubled the size of its army in the colonies. 
B)  They tried to broker a negotiated settlement with the Americans. 
C)  Britain attempted to bolster its forces by a military alliance with Spain. 
D)  The British retreated to ships in New York Harbor to consider their options.

Question 4

Who was most to blame for Britain's failure to win a quick victory over the American rebels: General Howe,General Burgoyne,or the ministers in London? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- General

Question 5

Which of these events occurred at the Battle of Long Island in August 1776?

Accepted Answer

A)  General Howe and his British troops forced the Americans to retreat to Manhattan Island. 
B)  General Washington and the Continental army won their first major victory over British forces. 
C)  The Continental troops quickly surrendered and General Washington barely escaped. 
D)  Benedict Arnold surrendered a strategic fort to the British,helping them to win the battle. 
A)  General Howe and his British troops forced the Americans to retreat to Manhattan Island. 
B)  General Washington and the Continental army won their first major victory over British forces. 
C)  The Continental troops quickly surrendered and General Washington barely escaped. 
D)  Benedict Arnold surrendered a strategic fort to the British,helping them to win the battle.

Question 6

What were the central problems of the Articles of Confederation,and how did the delegates to the Philadelphia convention address them?

Accepted Answer

- Constitution's Political Solutions: Am

Question 7

The Great Compromise led to which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  A bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives and a Senate 
B)  The separation of powers among the executive,legislative,and judicial branches 
C)  A division of powers between the states and the national government 
D)  Interstate and foreign trade controlled by the national government 
A)  A bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives and a Senate 
B)  The separation of powers among the executive,legislative,and judicial branches 
C)  A division of powers between the states and the national government 
D)  Interstate and foreign trade controlled by the national government

Question 8

Answer the following  questions :
-Articles of Confederation

Accepted Answer

A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty. 
A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty.

Question 9

Answer the following  questions :
-mixed government

Accepted Answer

A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty. 
A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty.

Question 10

Which of the following statements describes British military strategy during the first two years of the Revolutionary War?

Accepted Answer

A)  The British were content to demonstrate their superior power and tactics in the hopes of convincing the rebels to surrender. 
B)  The British harassed the Continental army ruthlessly,but with great luck,Washington and his troops repeatedly escaped. 
C)  With the Atlantic standing between them and their country,the British relied on the Loyalists for supplies. 
D)  The British used guerrilla tactics instead of conventional warfare,attempting to outmaneuver the rebels and force their surrender. 
A)  The British were content to demonstrate their superior power and tactics in the hopes of convincing the rebels to surrender. 
B)  The British harassed the Continental army ruthlessly,but with great luck,Washington and his troops repeatedly escaped. 
C)  With the Atlantic standing between them and their country,the British relied on the Loyalists for supplies. 
D)  The British used guerrilla tactics instead of conventional warfare,attempting to outmaneuver the rebels and force their surrender.

Question 11

Answer the following  questions :
-Valley Forge

Accepted Answer

A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty. 
A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty.

Question 12

For this question,refer to the following excerpt. Mr.Martin proposed to vary article 7,sect.4 so as to allow a prohibition or tax on the importation of slaves....[He believed] it was inconsistent with the principles of the Revolution,and dishonorable to the American character,to have such a feature [promoting the slave trade] in the Constitution....
Mr)[Oliver] Ellsworth [of Connecticut] was for leaving the clause as it stands.Let every state import what it pleases.The morality or wisdom of slavery are considerations belonging to the states themselves....
Col)[George] Mason [of Virginia stated that] this infernal trade originated in the avarice of British merchants.The British government constantly checked the attempts of Virginia to put a stop to it.The Western people are already calling out for slaves for their new lands,and will fill that country with slaves,if they can be got through South Carolina and Georgia.Slavery discourages arts and manufactures.The poor despise labor when performed by slaves.They prevent the immigration of whites,who really enrich and strengthen a country....
Every master of slaves is born a petty tyrant.They bring the judgment of Heaven on a country.As nations cannot be rewarded or punished in the next world,they must be in this.By an inevitable chain of causes and effects,Providence punishes national sins by national calamities....He held it essential,in every point of view,that the general government should have power to prevent the increase of slavery....
Gen)[Charles C.] Pinckney [argued that] South Carolina and Georgia cannot do without slaves....He contended that the importation of slaves would be for the interest of the whole Union.The more slaves,the more produce to employ the carrying trade;the more consumption also;and the more of this,the more revenue for the common treasury....
The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787
Which of the following resulted most directly from the debate described in the passage above?

Accepted Answer

A)  Property qualifications were established for voting and citizenship. 
B)  Greater political democracy was called for in new state and national governments. 
C)  A solution to the slave issue was postponed,setting the stage for recurring conflicts. 
D)  The ideals set forth in the excerpt had reverberations in France,Haiti,and Latin America,inspiring future rebellions. 
A)  Property qualifications were established for voting and citizenship. 
B)  Greater political democracy was called for in new state and national governments. 
C)  A solution to the slave issue was postponed,setting the stage for recurring conflicts. 
D)  The ideals set forth in the excerpt had reverberations in France,Haiti,and Latin America,inspiring future rebellions.

Question 13

Answer the following  questions :
-Shays's Rebellion

Accepted Answer

A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty. 
A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty.

Question 14

What were the causes of Shays's Rebellion?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Economic

Question 15

What was significant about George Washington's leading of his troops across the Delaware River on Christmas night in 1776?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was the first time Washington had shown decisive leadership and it saved his job. 
B)  Washington's action surprised the enemy and gave the Americans their first real victory. 
C)  His failed effort to cross the frozen river resulted in the deaths of 200 American troops. 
D)  The event allowed the Continental Army to retake New Jersey and most of Long Island. 
A)  It was the first time Washington had shown decisive leadership and it saved his job. 
B)  Washington's action surprised the enemy and gave the Americans their first real victory. 
C)  His failed effort to cross the frozen river resulted in the deaths of 200 American troops. 
D)  The event allowed the Continental Army to retake New Jersey and most of Long Island.

Question 16

To persuade Massachusetts,Virginia,and New York to ratify the Constitution,leading Federalists promised that

Accepted Answer

A)  George Washington would become the first president. 
B)  a bill of rights would be added to the Constitution. 
C)  New York City would be the national capital. 
D)  New York and Virginia would regain their former western claims. 
A)  George Washington would become the first president. 
B)  a bill of rights would be added to the Constitution. 
C)  New York City would be the national capital. 
D)  New York and Virginia would regain their former western claims.

Question 17

To finance the war during its first two years,the new American state governments relied primarily on

Accepted Answer

A)  raising taxes to unprecedented levels. 
B)  forced requisitions from the wealthy. 
C)  selling public landholdings. 
D)  printing large quantities of paper money. 
A)  raising taxes to unprecedented levels. 
B)  forced requisitions from the wealthy. 
C)  selling public landholdings. 
D)  printing large quantities of paper money.

Question 18

Answer the following  questions :
-Virginia Plan

Accepted Answer

A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty. 
A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty.

Question 19

Why were the land ordinances of the 1780s considered a great accomplishment of the Confederation Congress?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ordinances provided for orderly settlement and created a fair process for those areas to eventually become fully equal states. 
B)  The laws funded the building of roads and canals to encourage white settlement throughout the old Northwest. 
C)  They prevented the formation of larger western states that might one day dominate smaller eastern states. 
D)  Ordinances limited foreign immigration to the West,ensuring that those areas retained a traditional American culture. 
A)  The ordinances provided for orderly settlement and created a fair process for those areas to eventually become fully equal states. 
B)  The laws funded the building of roads and canals to encourage white settlement throughout the old Northwest. 
C)  They prevented the formation of larger western states that might one day dominate smaller eastern states. 
D)  Ordinances limited foreign immigration to the West,ensuring that those areas retained a traditional American culture.

Question 20

Answer the following  questions :
-Battle of Saratoga (1777)

Accepted Answer

A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty. 
A) First major engagement of the new Continental army,defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City. 
B) A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne.The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris,who won a military alliance with France. 
C) A military camp in which George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778. 
D) A 1779 proclamation that declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection,freedom,and land from Great Britain. 
E) A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis.The Franco-American victory broke the resolve of the British government.
F)A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay.Because of rampant inflation,Continental currency lost much of its value during the war;thus,the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.
G)The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.In the treaty,Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River.
H)A constitution that granted all taxpaying men the right to vote and hold office and created a unicameral (one-house)legislature with complete power;there was no governor to exercise a veto.Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt.
I)John Adams's theory from Thoughts on Government (1776),which called for three branches of government,each representing one function: executive,legislative,and judicial.This system of dispersed authority was devised to maintain a balance of power and ensure the legitimacy of governmental procedures.
J)The written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788,under which the Union was a confederation of equal states,with no executive and limited powers,existing mainly to foster a common defense.
K)A land act that provided for orderly settlement and established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,and Wisconsin.It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
L)A 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts,many of them Revolutionary War veterans,protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government.
M)A plan drafted by James Madison that was presented at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention.It designed a powerful three-branch government,with representation in both houses of the congress tied to population;this plan would have eclipsed the voice of small states in the national government.
N)Alternative to the Virginia Plan drafted by delegates from small states,retaining the confederation's single-house congress with one vote per state.It shared with the Virginia Plan enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue,control commerce,and make binding requisitions on the states.
O)Supporters of the Constitution of 1787,which created a strong central government;their opponents,the Antifederalists,feared that a strong central government would corrupt the nation's newly won liberty.
P)Opponents of ratification of the Constitution.This party feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens.They also complained that it failed to guarantee individual liberties in a bill of rights.
Q)An essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788)that challenged the view that republican governments only worked in small polities;it argued that a geographically expansive national government would better protect republican liberty.

Exam 6: Making War and Republican Governments, 1776-1789

What spurred the British Parliament to repeal the Tea Act in 1778?

Why did the British surrender to the Americans in the Battle of Yorktown in 1781?

How did the British respond after their loss at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777?

Who was most to blame for Britain's failure to win a quick victory over the American rebels: General Howe,General Burgoyne,or the ministers in London? Explain your answer.

Which of these events occurred at the Battle of Long Island in August 1776?

What were the central problems of the Articles of Confederation,and how did the delegates to the Philadelphia convention address them?

The Great Compromise led to which of the following outcomes?

Answer the following questions : -Articles of Confederation

Answer the following questions : -mixed government

Which of the following statements describes British military strategy during the first two years of the Revolutionary War?

Answer the following questions : -Valley Forge

Answer the following questions : -Shays's Rebellion

What were the causes of Shays's Rebellion?

What was significant about George Washington's leading of his troops across the Delaware River on Christmas night in 1776?

To persuade Massachusetts,Virginia,and New York to ratify the Constitution,leading Federalists promised that

To finance the war during its first two years,the new American state governments relied primarily on

Answer the following questions : -Virginia Plan

Why were the land ordinances of the 1780s considered a great accomplishment of the Confederation Congress?

Answer the following questions : -Battle of Saratoga (1777)

Colliding Worlds, 1491-1600

American Experiments, 1521-1700

The British Atlantic World, 1607-1750

Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763

The Problem of Empire, 1754-1776

Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787-1820

Economic Transformations, 1800-1848

A Democratic Revolution, 1800-1848

Religion, Reform, and Culture, 1820-1848

Imperial Ambitions, 1820-1848

Sectional Conflict and Crisis, 1844-1860

Bloody Ground: the Civil War, 1861-1865

Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Conquering a Continent, 1860-1890

Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts, 1877-1910

Making Modern American Culture, 1880-1917

Civilizations Inferno: the Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880-1917

Whose Government Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880-1917

An Emerging World Power, 1890-1918

Unsettled Prosperity: From War to Depression, 1919-1932

Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal, 1929-1938

The World at War, 1937-1945

Cold War America, 1945-1963

Triumph of the Middle Class, 1945-1963

Walking Into Freedom Land: the Civil Rights Movement, 1941-1973

Uncivil Wars:liberal Crisis and Conservative Rebirth, 1961-1972

The Search for Order in an Era of Limits, 1973-1980

Conservative America in the Ascent, 1980-1991

Confronting Global and National Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present

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