Exam 11: Imperial Ambitions, 1820-1848

Answer the following questions : -Oregon Trail

Children born in slave communities in the nineteenth-century South often shared which of these characteristics?

By the 1830s,which of the following was the dominant Indian tribe on the central and northern plains?

Which of the following were core institutions for African American society in the mid-nineteenth-century South?

Answer the following questions : -black Protestantism

By the 1830s and 1840s,it became clear that African Americans in the South and Native peoples on the Great Plains (mostly those displaced by President Jackson's removal policies)had adapted European ideas and technologies to survive.In what specific ways did these two groups do so? What traditional ideas and technologies did each group maintain? Which group,in your estimation,was most successful in maintaining a distinct culture?

For this question,refer to the following two excerpts. Texas is now ours....The independence of Texas was complete and absolute.It was an independence,not only in fact,but of right....What then can be more preposterous than all this clamor by Mexico and the Mexican interest,against Annexation,as a violation of any rights of hers...? Nor is there any just foundation for the charge that Annexation is a great pro-slavery measure-calculated to increase and perpetuate that institution.Slavery had nothing to do with it....That it will tend to facilitate and hasten the disappearance of Slavery from all the northern tier of the present Slave States,cannot surely admit of serious question.The greater value in Texas of the slave labor now employed in those States,must soon produce the effect of draining off that labor southwardly.... California will,probably,next fall away....Already the advance guard of the irresistible army of Anglo-Saxon emigration has begun to pour down upon it,armed with the plough and the rifle,and marking its trail with schools and colleges,courts and representative halls,mills and meeting-houses.A population will soon be in actual occupation of California....And they will have a right to independence-to self-government ...a better and a truer right than the artificial title of sovereignty in Mexico,a thousand miles distant,inheriting from Spain a title good only against those who have none better. John L.O'Sullivan,Editor,"Manifest Destiny," from United States Magazine and Democratic Review,July 1845 If we regard Texas as a province of Mexico,its boundaries must be sought in the geography of that republic.If we regard it as an independent State,they must be determined by the extent of jurisdiction which the State was able to maintain.Now it seems clear that the river Nueces was always recognized by Mexico as the western boundary;and it is undisputed that the State of Texas,since its Declaration of Independence,never exercised any jurisdiction beyond the Nueces.... In the month of January,1846,the President of the United States directed the troops under General Taylor,called the Army of Occupation,to take possession of this region [west of the Nueces River].Here was an act of aggression.As might have been expected,it produced collision.The Mexicans,aroused in self-defence,sought to repel the invaders.... Here the question occurs,What was the duty of Congress in this emergency? Clearly to withhold all sanction to unjust war,-to aggression upon a neighboring Republic....The American forces should have been directed to retreat,not from any human force,but from wrongdoing;and this would have been a true victory. Alas! This was not the mood of Congress.With wicked speed a bill was introduced,furnishing large and unusual supplies of men and money....This was adopted by a vote of 123 to 67;and the bill then leaped forth,fully armed,as a measure of open and active hostility against Mexico. Charles Sumner,Conscience Whig and future Republican Senator from Massachusetts,Letter to Robert Winthrop,a Whig Congressman from Massachusetts,October 25,1846 Which of the following ideas and debates from the nineteenth and/or twentieth centuries compares most closely with those described in the two excerpts?

Which of these factors contributed to the development of an increasingly homogeneous African American culture in the rural South in the nineteenth century?

The popular 1844 phrase "Fifty-four forty or fight!" served as

Which of the following statements describes the Slidell mission to Mexico in December 1845?

How did Oregon fever affect national politics in the United States in 1844?

Answer the following questions : -Gullah dialect

The Alabama Constitution of 1819 did which of the following?

Which statement characterizes the typical relationship between slaves and their masters in the 1850s?

From 1818 until the early 1840s,the Oregon Territory was administered under which of the following arrangements?

Answer the following questions : -slave society

Which of the following statements characterizes African American marriage customs in the slave South?

Slaves' practice of "taking root" involved which of the following?

For this question,refer to the following two excerpts. Texas is now ours....The independence of Texas was complete and absolute.It was an independence,not only in fact,but of right....What then can be more preposterous than all this clamor by Mexico and the Mexican interest,against Annexation,as a violation of any rights of hers...? Nor is there any just foundation for the charge that Annexation is a great pro-slavery measure-calculated to increase and perpetuate that institution.Slavery had nothing to do with it....That it will tend to facilitate and hasten the disappearance of Slavery from all the northern tier of the present Slave States,cannot surely admit of serious question.The greater value in Texas of the slave labor now employed in those States,must soon produce the effect of draining off that labor southwardly.... California will,probably,next fall away....Already the advance guard of the irresistible army of Anglo-Saxon emigration has begun to pour down upon it,armed with the plough and the rifle,and marking its trail with schools and colleges,courts and representative halls,mills and meeting-houses.A population will soon be in actual occupation of California....And they will have a right to independence-to self-government ...a better and a truer right than the artificial title of sovereignty in Mexico,a thousand miles distant,inheriting from Spain a title good only against those who have none better. John L.O'Sullivan,Editor,"Manifest Destiny," from United States Magazine and Democratic Review,July 1845 If we regard Texas as a province of Mexico,its boundaries must be sought in the geography of that republic.If we regard it as an independent State,they must be determined by the extent of jurisdiction which the State was able to maintain.Now it seems clear that the river Nueces was always recognized by Mexico as the western boundary;and it is undisputed that the State of Texas,since its Declaration of Independence,never exercised any jurisdiction beyond the Nueces.... In the month of January,1846,the President of the United States directed the troops under General Taylor,called the Army of Occupation,to take possession of this region [west of the Nueces River].Here was an act of aggression.As might have been expected,it produced collision.The Mexicans,aroused in self-defence,sought to repel the invaders.... Here the question occurs,What was the duty of Congress in this emergency? Clearly to withhold all sanction to unjust war,-to aggression upon a neighboring Republic....The American forces should have been directed to retreat,not from any human force,but from wrongdoing;and this would have been a true victory. Alas! This was not the mood of Congress.With wicked speed a bill was introduced,furnishing large and unusual supplies of men and money....This was adopted by a vote of 123 to 67;and the bill then leaped forth,fully armed,as a measure of open and active hostility against Mexico. Charles Sumner,Conscience Whig and future Republican Senator from Massachusetts,Letter to Robert Winthrop,a Whig Congressman from Massachusetts,October 25,1846 The two excerpts quoted above would be most useful to historians analyzing

Which of the following statements describes the institution of slavery in the nineteenth-century South?