Exam 17: Making Modern American Culture, 1880-1917

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What were some of the ways Charles Darwin's 1859 book On the Origin of Species shaped American thought and politics in this era?

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- Charles Darwin's Ideas: Darwin's book,published in 1859,argued that all creatures struggle to survive and that,when individual members of a species are born with random genetic mutations that better suit them for their environment,these characteristics become dominant in future generations.Darwin did not use the word evolution because he believed that it implied upward progress.In his view,natural selection was a blind process;environments and species changed randomly.
- Social Darwinism: Nineteenth-century social theorists like Herbert Spencer borrowed Darwin's ideas to create a theory that human society also advanced through the process of "survival of the fittest." In America,it was championed by Yale sociologist William Graham Sumner,who argued that millionaires were clearly the fittest because their success showed that they were "naturally selected." As such,Social Darwinist ideas rationalized the impact of industrialization on American society,particularly its negative impact on the working class,and reinforced racial segregation and discrimination,and restrictions on immigration.
- Eugenics: Some also misapplied Darwinist ideas to reproductive science,arguing that mentally deficient people and anyone deemed unfit should be prevented from reproducing.Advocates of eugenics successfully enacted eugenics laws in about half of the states and,by the time the movement subsided in the 1930s,more than 20,000 Americans had been involuntarily sterilized.Eugenics had a broad impact on public policy as well.Its ideas influenced segregation,racial discrimination,and immigration restriction.

Which of the following statements characterizes urban leisure in post-Civil War America?

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C

Answer the following questions : -realism

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Which of the following figures was a major proponent of commercial domesticity in the nineteenth century?

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The Comstock Act took effect in 1873 and

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What did the term petticoat rule mean when it was used by antisuffragists in the early twentieth century?

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Which of the following statements characterizes family life in the late 1800s?

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Answer the following questions : -Woman's Christian Temperance Union

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Answer the following questions : -feminism

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Answer the following questions : -Comstock Act

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Answer the following questions : -National Association of Colored Women

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Which of the following describes the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)in the late nineteenth century?

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton's speech to Congress in 1892 on the "solitude of self" referred to the

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Answer the following questions : -Young Men's Christian Association

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Which of the following was a reason American businesses embraced baseball in the late nineteenth century?

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The urban revivalism of Billy Sunday represented

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Why did the rate of college attendance quadruple between the 1880s and the 1920s?

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Iowans created the American Protective Organization in 1887 to

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What role did sports play in the redefinition of masculine identities? How did sports reflect the racial and economic divisions of the era?

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Which of the following describes the consumer culture that emerged in the late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century United States?

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