Question 1

Which of the following describes the first peoples who migrated to the Americas?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first Americans built large,permanent villages. 
B)  The group consisted of bands of hunters and gatherers. 
C)  They lived on large,permanent farms. 
D)  They did little hunting and mostly gathered edible plants. 
A)  The first Americans built large,permanent villages. 
B)  The group consisted of bands of hunters and gatherers. 
C)  They lived on large,permanent farms. 
D)  They did little hunting and mostly gathered edible plants. B

Question 2

How did the climate affect the rise and decline of various Native peoples between about 10,000 B.C.E.and A.D.1500?

Accepted Answer

Native people succumbed rapidly to European diseases because of their lack of immunity.Climate changes,including drought,shaped the migratory patterns of North American Indians over time.
- Food Production: Climate shaped the development of farming technology in the Americas.Corn,bean,and squash cultivation was concentrated in the warm and moist soil of Mesoamerica;these crops later spread as far north as Canada.

Question 3

Answer the following  questions :
-hunters and gatherers

Accepted Answer

A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton. 
A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton. A

Question 4

By the early 1500s,Europe had become a major international influence,and its incursions into Africa and the Americas had set world history on a new course.How did Europe's activity in Africa and North America in the sixteenth century affect each of the three continents? Who were the beneficiaries and who were the victims of Europe's activities?
Answer Key

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Europe:

Question 5

How were eastern woodland Indian societies organized and governed around the time European explorers arrived in the New World?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Economic

Question 6

Which of the following statements characterizes the legacy of the Spanish conquest in the New World in the sixteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tribal populations increased in size following the introduction of European technology. 
B)  The Spanish found much gold but squandered it in their attempt to convert the indigenous peoples. 
C)  Their presence created only a very small,mixed-blood population because interracial sexual contact was rare. 
D)  Spanish conquistadors,aided by disease,decimated native peoples. 
A)  Tribal populations increased in size following the introduction of European technology. 
B)  The Spanish found much gold but squandered it in their attempt to convert the indigenous peoples. 
C)  Their presence created only a very small,mixed-blood population because interracial sexual contact was rare. 
D)  Spanish conquistadors,aided by disease,decimated native peoples.

Question 7

Which of the following was a result of the Crusades,which took place between 1096 and 1291 A.D.?

Accepted Answer

A)  Christian identity fragmented in Europe. 
B)  Europeans' toleration of Jews increased. 
C)  Western European merchants gained awareness of Asian trade routes. 
D)  Christian warriors quickly expelled Muslims from most of Europe. 
A)  Christian identity fragmented in Europe. 
B)  Europeans' toleration of Jews increased. 
C)  Western European merchants gained awareness of Asian trade routes. 
D)  Christian warriors quickly expelled Muslims from most of Europe.

Question 8

Typically, when an English woman of the fifteenth century married, she

Accepted Answer

A)  owned property jointly with her husband. 
B)  gave up ownership of her property to her husband. 
C)  received full control of the family's property on her husband's death. 
D)  lost any claim to all of the family's property on her husband's death. 
A)  owned property jointly with her husband. 
B)  gave up ownership of her property to her husband. 
C)  received full control of the family's property on her husband's death. 
D)  lost any claim to all of the family's property on her husband's death.

Question 9

The Hohokams,Mogollon,and Anasazi peoples who lived in present-day Arizona and New Mexico around A.D.1000

Accepted Answer

A)  evolved into the Navajo tribe. 
B)  declined because of their failure to use irrigation. 
C)  declined because of soil exhaustion and a long drought after A.D.1150. 
D)  employed irrigation to grow four or five crops a year. 
A)  evolved into the Navajo tribe. 
B)  declined because of their failure to use irrigation. 
C)  declined because of soil exhaustion and a long drought after A.D.1150. 
D)  employed irrigation to grow four or five crops a year.

Question 10

John Calvin and Calvinist theologians of the 1500s stressed which of the following ideas?

Accepted Answer

A)  God's compassion and love for all peoples 
B)  The basic innocence of humans at their births 
C)  The doctrine of predestination 
D)  God's promise of ultimate salvation for all 
A)  God's compassion and love for all peoples 
B)  The basic innocence of humans at their births 
C)  The doctrine of predestination 
D)  God's promise of ultimate salvation for all

Question 11

In October 1492,Columbus,his men,and his ships reached

Accepted Answer

A)  Florida. 
B)  Brazil. 
C)  Mexico. 
D)  an island in the Bahamas. 
A)  Florida. 
B)  Brazil. 
C)  Mexico. 
D)  an island in the Bahamas.

Question 12

Which Europeans were represented by guilds in the fifteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  The landed nobility 
B)  Artisans 
C)  Peasants 
D)  Lawyers 
A)  The landed nobility 
B)  Artisans 
C)  Peasants 
D)  Lawyers

Question 13

What was the foundation for the prosperous Native American societies in Mexico,Peru,and the Mississippi River Valley?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bison hunting 
B)  Gold and silver mining 
C)  Maize and potato cultivation 
D)  Large,well-fortified cities 
A)  Bison hunting 
B)  Gold and silver mining 
C)  Maize and potato cultivation 
D)  Large,well-fortified cities

Question 14

For this question, refer to the following engraving from the 1590s, The Village of Secoton, by John White.   As a primary source, the image above is best understood as

Accepted Answer

A)  a statement by a colonizing European of a belief in white superiority. 
B)  evidence that some Native societies developed permanent villages. 
C)  proof of the limited ability of Native Americans to maintain their political and cultural autonomy. 
D)  representative of the lack of natural resources in the diverse environments faced by Native populations in North America. 
A)  a statement by a colonizing European of a belief in white superiority. 
B)  evidence that some Native societies developed permanent villages. 
C)  proof of the limited ability of Native Americans to maintain their political and cultural autonomy. 
D)  representative of the lack of natural resources in the diverse environments faced by Native populations in North America.

Question 15

How did Protestant religious doctrine differ from that of Roman Catholicism at the time of the Reformation in the sixteenth century?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Approach

Question 16

Answer the following  questions :
-Great Plains

Accepted Answer

A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton. 
A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton.

Question 17

How did the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro conquer the Incans by 1535?

Accepted Answer

A)  He had a large force of 1,000 men and 500 horses and easily overwhelmed the Incans. 
B)  The Spanish forced Atahualpa,the last Inca emperor,to surrender to the Spanish. 
C)  The Incans were already weakened militarily and divided because of rival claimants to the throne. 
D)  The Incans were frightened by the Spaniards and did not resist his forces. 
A)  He had a large force of 1,000 men and 500 horses and easily overwhelmed the Incans. 
B)  The Spanish forced Atahualpa,the last Inca emperor,to surrender to the Spanish. 
C)  The Incans were already weakened militarily and divided because of rival claimants to the throne. 
D)  The Incans were frightened by the Spaniards and did not resist his forces.

Question 18

Answer the following  questions :
-plantation system

Accepted Answer

A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton. 
A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton.

Question 19

What factors led to the development of the transatlantic trade in African slaves in the 1600s?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- European

Question 20

Answer the following  questions :
-Islam

Accepted Answer

A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton. 
A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton.

Exam 1: Colliding Worlds, 1491-1600

Which of the following describes the first peoples who migrated to the Americas?

How did the climate affect the rise and decline of various Native peoples between about 10,000 B.C.E.and A.D.1500?

Answer the following questions : -hunters and gatherers

How were eastern woodland Indian societies organized and governed around the time European explorers arrived in the New World?

Which of the following statements characterizes the legacy of the Spanish conquest in the New World in the sixteenth century?

Which of the following was a result of the Crusades,which took place between 1096 and 1291 A.D.?

Typically, when an English woman of the fifteenth century married, she

The Hohokams,Mogollon,and Anasazi peoples who lived in present-day Arizona and New Mexico around A.D.1000

John Calvin and Calvinist theologians of the 1500s stressed which of the following ideas?

In October 1492,Columbus,his men,and his ships reached

Which Europeans were represented by guilds in the fifteenth century?

What was the foundation for the prosperous Native American societies in Mexico,Peru,and the Mississippi River Valley?

For this question, refer to the following engraving from the 1590s, The Village of Secoton, by John White. As a primary source, the image above is best understood as

How did Protestant religious doctrine differ from that of Roman Catholicism at the time of the Reformation in the sixteenth century?

Answer the following questions : -Great Plains

How did the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro conquer the Incans by 1535?

Answer the following questions : -plantation system

What factors led to the development of the transatlantic trade in African slaves in the 1600s?

Answer the following questions : -Islam

American Experiments, 1521-1700

The British Atlantic World, 1607-1750

Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763

The Problem of Empire, 1754-1776

Making War and Republican Governments, 1776-1789

Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787-1820

Economic Transformations, 1800-1848

A Democratic Revolution, 1800-1848

Religion, Reform, and Culture, 1820-1848

Imperial Ambitions, 1820-1848

Sectional Conflict and Crisis, 1844-1860

Bloody Ground: the Civil War, 1861-1865

Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Conquering a Continent, 1860-1890

Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts, 1877-1910

Making Modern American Culture, 1880-1917

Civilizations Inferno: the Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880-1917

Whose Government Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880-1917

An Emerging World Power, 1890-1918

Unsettled Prosperity: From War to Depression, 1919-1932

Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal, 1929-1938

The World at War, 1937-1945

Cold War America, 1945-1963

Triumph of the Middle Class, 1945-1963

Walking Into Freedom Land: the Civil Rights Movement, 1941-1973

Uncivil Wars:liberal Crisis and Conservative Rebirth, 1961-1972

The Search for Order in an Era of Limits, 1973-1980

Conservative America in the Ascent, 1980-1991

Confronting Global and National Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present

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