Question 1

Answer the following  questions :
-Counter-Reformation

Accepted Answer

A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton. 
A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton.

Question 2

Explain the role of coerced labor in European,African,and American societies in the beginning of the second millennium A.D.How did Europe's relationship with slavery change between 1400 and 1600? What accounted for the changes?

Accepted Answer

Eventually both the

Question 3

As it gained power in Europe,Roman and medieval Catholicism contended with pre-Christian festivals and the agricultural cycle by

Accepted Answer

A)  integrating them into Christian holy days and biblical teachings. 
B)  aiming to eradicate these pagan practices completely. 
C)  replacing pagan traditions with newly devised rites. 
D)  declaring all pagan customs to be sinful and blasphemous. 
A)  integrating them into Christian holy days and biblical teachings. 
B)  aiming to eradicate these pagan practices completely. 
C)  replacing pagan traditions with newly devised rites. 
D)  declaring all pagan customs to be sinful and blasphemous.

Question 4

Answer the following  questions :
-Protestant Reformation

Accepted Answer

A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton. 
A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton.

Question 5

In 1450,the majority of European men were which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Merchants or artisans 
B)  Peasants 
C)  Slaves 
D)  Wageworkers 
A)  Merchants or artisans 
B)  Peasants 
C)  Slaves 
D)  Wageworkers

Question 6

Martin Luther advocated which of the following ideas?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Catholic Church was corrupt and in need of reform. 
B)  Most people required the clergy's help to read and understand the Bible. 
C)  People could be saved only by grace,which was a gift from God. 
D)  People should have the right to change their government if it oppressed them. 
A)  The Catholic Church was corrupt and in need of reform. 
B)  Most people required the clergy's help to read and understand the Bible. 
C)  People could be saved only by grace,which was a gift from God. 
D)  People should have the right to change their government if it oppressed them.

Question 7

For this question, refer to the following engraving from the 1590s, The Village of Secoton, by John White.   This image best serves as evidence of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The attempts by Native Americans at cultural preservation of their beliefs and worldviews 
B)  How poorly the Spanish understood Native peoples 
C)  How new crops from the Americas stimulated European growth 
D)  How Native peoples adapted to and transformed their diverse environments 
A)  The attempts by Native Americans at cultural preservation of their beliefs and worldviews 
B)  How poorly the Spanish understood Native peoples 
C)  How new crops from the Americas stimulated European growth 
D)  How Native peoples adapted to and transformed their diverse environments

Question 8

Answer the following  questions :
-eastern woodlands

Accepted Answer

A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton. 
A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton.

Question 9

Answer the following  questions :
-semisedentary societies

Accepted Answer

A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton. 
A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton.

Question 10

Which of the following features characterized most Native North Americans' spiritual views and practices?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human sacrifice 
B)  Monotheism 
C)  Animism 
D)  Transubstantiation 
A)  Human sacrifice 
B)  Monotheism 
C)  Animism 
D)  Transubstantiation

Question 11

Answer the following  questions :
-republic

Accepted Answer

A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton. 
A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton.

Question 12

Answer the following  questions :
-Mississippian culture

Accepted Answer

A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton. 
A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton.

Question 13

Which of the following statements describes Native American peoples east of the Mississippi River?

Accepted Answer

A)  They had no single style of political organization. 
B)  Men made all of the decisions regarding agriculture. 
C)  They developed elaborate systems of water storage and irrigation. 
D)  Their standard of living and populations increased dramatically in the century preceding the arrival of the Europeans. 
A)  They had no single style of political organization. 
B)  Men made all of the decisions regarding agriculture. 
C)  They developed elaborate systems of water storage and irrigation. 
D)  Their standard of living and populations increased dramatically in the century preceding the arrival of the Europeans.

Question 14

Compare and contrast the main characteristics of traditional European society and West African society in about the year 1400.How were each similar to and different from Native American societies,and what factors account for the differences?

Accepted Answer

Agriculturally based,small communities a

Question 15

Merchants from which of the following countries made inroads in the Arab-dominated trade routes of the Mediterranean in the twelfth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Portugal 
B)  Spain 
C)  Italy 
D)  England 
A)  Portugal 
B)  Spain 
C)  Italy 
D)  England

Question 16

Which of the following describes trading relationships among Native Americans in the period before European contact?

Accepted Answer

A)  Every tribe was self-sufficient and avoided trading with other groups. 
B)  Trade networks consisted only of simple bartering between local tribes. 
C)  Mesoamerican societies developed trade networks but North Americans did not. 
D)  Native Americans developed expansive trade networks that spanned great distances. 
A)  Every tribe was self-sufficient and avoided trading with other groups. 
B)  Trade networks consisted only of simple bartering between local tribes. 
C)  Mesoamerican societies developed trade networks but North Americans did not. 
D)  Native Americans developed expansive trade networks that spanned great distances.

Question 17

Why had Christopher Columbus faded from public view by the time he died in 1506?

Accepted Answer

A)  He began the transatlantic trade in slaves. 
B)  He did not establish successful colonies. 
C)  He failed to find great treasures or kingdoms. 
D)  He failed to Christianize the Native Americans. 
A)  He began the transatlantic trade in slaves. 
B)  He did not establish successful colonies. 
C)  He failed to find great treasures or kingdoms. 
D)  He failed to Christianize the Native Americans.

Question 18

Answer the following  questions :
-Christianity

Accepted Answer

A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton. 
A) Societies whose members gather food by hunting,fishing,and collecting wild plants rather than relying on agriculture or animal husbandry.Because these members of society are mobile,moving seasonally through their territory to exploit resources,they have neither fixed townsites nor weighty material goods. 
B) Societies whose members combine slash-and-burn agriculture with hunting and fishing.These societies often occupy large village sites near their fields in the summer,then disperse during the winter months into smaller hunting,fishing,and gathering camps,regathering again in spring to plant their crops. 
C) A Native American culture complex that flourished in the Mississippi River basin and the Southeast from c.A.D.850-c.A.D.1700.Characterized by maize agriculture,moundbuilding,and distinctive pottery styles,these communities were complex chiefdoms usually located along the floodplains of rivers.The largest of these communities was Cahokia,in modern-day Illinois. 
D) A culture area of Native Americans that extends from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Great Plains,and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.This area can be subdivided into the southeastern and northeastern woodlands.Peoples of this area were generally semisedentary,with agriculture based on maize,beans,and squash.Most,but not all,were chiefdoms. 
E) A Native American language family whose speakers were widespread in the eastern woodlands,Great Lakes,and subarctic regions of eastern North America.This language family should not be confused with the Algonquins,who were a single nation inhabiting the St.Lawrence Valley at the time of first contact.
F)A Native American language family whose speakers were concentrated in the eastern woodlands.This language family should not be confused with the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy,which inhabited the territory of modern-day upstate New York at the time of first contact.
G)A league of five Native American nations-the Mohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas,Cayugas,and Senecas-probably formed around A.D.1450.A sixth nation,the Tuscaroras,joined the confederacy around 1720.Condolence ceremonies introduced by a Mohawk named Hiawatha formed the basis for the league.Positioned between New France and New Netherland (later New York),this alliance played a central role in the era of European colonization.
H)Five enormous,interconnected freshwater lakes-Ontario,Erie,Huron,Michigan,and Superior-that dominate eastern North America.In the era before long-distance overland travel,they were the center of the continent's transportation system.
I)A broad plateau region that stretches from central Texas in the south to the Canadian plains in the north,bordered on the east by the eastern woodlands and on the west by the Rocky Mountains.Averaging around 20 inches of rainfall a year,these lands are primarily grasslands that support grazing but not crop agriculture.
J)A high mountain range that spans some 3,000 miles,this area is bordered by the Great Plains on the east and the Great Basin on the west.Native peoples fished,gathered roots and berries,and hunted elk,deer,and bighorn sheep there.Silver mining boomed in this area in the nineteenth century.
K)An arid basin-and-range region bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Sierra Mountains on the west,all of its water drains or evaporates within the basin.A resource-scarce environment,this region was thinly populated by Native American hunter-gatherers,who ranged long distances to support themselves.
L)The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe.Some owned land,while others leased or rented small plots from landlords.
M)A state without a monarch or prince that is governed by representatives of the people.
N)A religion that holds the belief that Jesus Christ was himself divine.For centuries,the Roman Catholic Church was the great unifying institution in Western Europe,and it was from Europe that this religion spread to the Americas.
O)A religion that considers Muhammad to be God's last prophet.Following the death of Muhammad in A.D.632,the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread the Muslim faith into sub-Saharan Africa,India,Indonesia,Spain,and the Balkan regions of Europe.
P)A series of wars undertaken by Christian armies between A.D.1096 and 1291 to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived.
Q)The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church and that precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.
R)A reaction in the Catholic Church triggered by the Reformation that sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders,including the Jesuits (founded in 1540),who saw themselves as soldiers of Christ.
S)A system of production characterized by unfree laborers producing cash crops for distant markets.This system developed in sugar-producing areas of the Mediterranean world and was transferred to the Americas,where it took root in tropical and subtropical areas including Brazil,the West Indies,and southeastern North America.In addition to sugar,the system was adapted to produce tobacco,rice,indigo,and cotton.

Question 19

Why was the fifteenth-century marriage of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain significant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Together they completed Spain's long campaign to oust Muslims. 
B)  They decided jointly to end the Spanish Inquisition. 
C)  It created a new basis for female political power. 
D)  The Catholic Church refused to recognize their arranged union. 
A)  Together they completed Spain's long campaign to oust Muslims. 
B)  They decided jointly to end the Spanish Inquisition. 
C)  It created a new basis for female political power. 
D)  The Catholic Church refused to recognize their arranged union.

Question 20

The first phase of the Reformation in the 1500s had its greatest success in which of the following countries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Germany 
B)  Italy 
C)  France 
D)  England 
A)  Germany 
B)  Italy 
C)  France 
D)  England

Exam 1: Colliding Worlds, 1491-1600

Answer the following questions : -Counter-Reformation

Explain the role of coerced labor in European,African,and American societies in the beginning of the second millennium A.D.How did Europe's relationship with slavery change between 1400 and 1600? What accounted for the changes?

As it gained power in Europe,Roman and medieval Catholicism contended with pre-Christian festivals and the agricultural cycle by

Answer the following questions : -Protestant Reformation

In 1450,the majority of European men were which of the following?

Martin Luther advocated which of the following ideas?

For this question, refer to the following engraving from the 1590s, The Village of Secoton, by John White. This image best serves as evidence of which of the following?

Answer the following questions : -eastern woodlands

Answer the following questions : -semisedentary societies

Which of the following features characterized most Native North Americans' spiritual views and practices?

Answer the following questions : -republic

Answer the following questions : -Mississippian culture

Which of the following statements describes Native American peoples east of the Mississippi River?

Compare and contrast the main characteristics of traditional European society and West African society in about the year 1400.How were each similar to and different from Native American societies,and what factors account for the differences?

Merchants from which of the following countries made inroads in the Arab-dominated trade routes of the Mediterranean in the twelfth century?

Which of the following describes trading relationships among Native Americans in the period before European contact?

Why had Christopher Columbus faded from public view by the time he died in 1506?

Answer the following questions : -Christianity

Why was the fifteenth-century marriage of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain significant?

The first phase of the Reformation in the 1500s had its greatest success in which of the following countries?

American Experiments, 1521-1700

The British Atlantic World, 1607-1750

Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763

The Problem of Empire, 1754-1776

Making War and Republican Governments, 1776-1789

Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787-1820

Economic Transformations, 1800-1848

A Democratic Revolution, 1800-1848

Religion, Reform, and Culture, 1820-1848

Imperial Ambitions, 1820-1848

Sectional Conflict and Crisis, 1844-1860

Bloody Ground: the Civil War, 1861-1865

Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Conquering a Continent, 1860-1890

Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts, 1877-1910

Making Modern American Culture, 1880-1917

Civilizations Inferno: the Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880-1917

Whose Government Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880-1917

An Emerging World Power, 1890-1918

Unsettled Prosperity: From War to Depression, 1919-1932

Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal, 1929-1938

The World at War, 1937-1945

Cold War America, 1945-1963

Triumph of the Middle Class, 1945-1963

Walking Into Freedom Land: the Civil Rights Movement, 1941-1973

Uncivil Wars:liberal Crisis and Conservative Rebirth, 1961-1972

The Search for Order in an Era of Limits, 1973-1980

Conservative America in the Ascent, 1980-1991

Confronting Global and National Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present

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