Question 1

Answer the following  questions :
-Crédit Mobilier

Accepted Answer

A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation. 
A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation.

Question 2

Answer the following  questions :
-sharecropping

Accepted Answer

A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation. 
A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation.

Question 3

Reconstruction ended in 1877 because

Accepted Answer

A)  African American government leaders in the South were incompetent. 
B)  the North lost interest in the cause. 
C)  the Democratic Party lost its political base in the South. 
D)  the northern government had achieved all it had planned. 
A)  African American government leaders in the South were incompetent. 
B)  the North lost interest in the cause. 
C)  the Democratic Party lost its political base in the South. 
D)  the northern government had achieved all it had planned.

Question 4

Answer the following  questions :
-Ku Klux Klan

Accepted Answer

A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation. 
A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation.

Question 5

Answer the following  questions :
-Freedmen's Bureau

Accepted Answer

A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation. 
A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation.

Question 6

A secret organization that functioned as the grassroots wing of Radical Republicanism in the South was called the

Accepted Answer

A)  Union League. 
B)  Populist Party. 
C)  Republican Brotherhood. 
D)  Carpetbaggers Club. 
A)  Union League. 
B)  Populist Party. 
C)  Republican Brotherhood. 
D)  Carpetbaggers Club.

Question 7

Why did the ex-slaves' struggle for land end with the creation of the sharecropping system?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Conflict

Question 8

Do you believe that the failure of Reconstruction was primarily a failure of leadership? Or,to put it more concretely,that the outcome might have been different had Lincoln lived or had chosen a different vice president?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Presiden

Question 9

To what extent was President Johnson responsible for the radicalization of the Republican Party in 1866?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Johnson'

Question 10

Which of the following describes Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan,which he announced in December 1863?

Accepted Answer

A)  The plan offered general amnesty to all Confederate citizens who agreed to comply with federal laws. 
B)  Lincoln created the plan to appeal to southern Democrats,many of whom had served with Lincoln in Congress. 
C)  It specified that a state could return to the Union when 10 percent of its voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union. 
D)  The plan declared that a state could reorganize its government when 50 percent of its voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union. 
A)  The plan offered general amnesty to all Confederate citizens who agreed to comply with federal laws. 
B)  Lincoln created the plan to appeal to southern Democrats,many of whom had served with Lincoln in Congress. 
C)  It specified that a state could return to the Union when 10 percent of its voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union. 
D)  The plan declared that a state could reorganize its government when 50 percent of its voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union.

Question 11

Which of the following became critical community institutions for African Americans throughout the South during Reconstruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Local boards of health 
B)  Churches 
C)  New black colleges 
D)  City parks 
A)  Local boards of health 
B)  Churches 
C)  New black colleges 
D)  City parks

Question 12

Some southerners used the term scalawags to describe

Accepted Answer

A)  freed slaves who were demanding equality. 
B)  northerners in the South during Reconstruction. 
C)  southerners who supported the process of Reconstruction. 
D)  Freedmen's Bureau officials and teachers. 
A)  freed slaves who were demanding equality. 
B)  northerners in the South during Reconstruction. 
C)  southerners who supported the process of Reconstruction. 
D)  Freedmen's Bureau officials and teachers.

Question 13

Which of the following statements characterizes the women's suffrage movement after the Civil War?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many feminists who had been abolitionists were disappointed that the Fifteenth Amendment made no reference to gender and permitted states to continue to deny suffrage to women. 
B)  Most suffragists agreed that they should concentrate on securing voting rights for African American men as a means to press for the same rights for all women. 
C)  Most feminists opposed the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment because it did not give equal protection to women. 
D)  Disappointed with the Republican Party's failure to win voting rights for women,most suffragists aligned with the Democratic Party after 1869. 
A)  Many feminists who had been abolitionists were disappointed that the Fifteenth Amendment made no reference to gender and permitted states to continue to deny suffrage to women. 
B)  Most suffragists agreed that they should concentrate on securing voting rights for African American men as a means to press for the same rights for all women. 
C)  Most feminists opposed the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment because it did not give equal protection to women. 
D)  Disappointed with the Republican Party's failure to win voting rights for women,most suffragists aligned with the Democratic Party after 1869.

Question 14

Which of the following statements describes the resettlement of former slaves in the South?

Accepted Answer

A)  Under Johnson's amnesty plan,ex-Confederates were allowed to recover their land,and freedmen were forced to work for them or leave. 
B)  The Freedmen's Bureau permanently resettled 10,000 African American families on "Sherman lands." 
C)  Bands of ex-Confederate soldiers and plantation owners drove African Americans from the confiscated land that they were occupying. 
D)  Every former slave was given forty acres and a mule in compensation for their years of forced labor. 
A)  Under Johnson's amnesty plan,ex-Confederates were allowed to recover their land,and freedmen were forced to work for them or leave. 
B)  The Freedmen's Bureau permanently resettled 10,000 African American families on "Sherman lands." 
C)  Bands of ex-Confederate soldiers and plantation owners drove African Americans from the confiscated land that they were occupying. 
D)  Every former slave was given forty acres and a mule in compensation for their years of forced labor.

Question 15

Many African American sharecroppers became trapped in a vicious cycle of debt after the Civil War mainly because

Accepted Answer

A)  southern banks charged blacks much higher interest rates than they charged whites. 
B)  they could not pay the high prices and interest that whites charged as the price of cotton declined in the 1870s. 
C)  state laws required blacks to pay for purchases by establishing credit lines that they could pay off only once annually. 
D)  federal banking laws included "usury" regulations that in fact allowed southern banks to cheat freedmen. 
A)  southern banks charged blacks much higher interest rates than they charged whites. 
B)  they could not pay the high prices and interest that whites charged as the price of cotton declined in the 1870s. 
C)  state laws required blacks to pay for purchases by establishing credit lines that they could pay off only once annually. 
D)  federal banking laws included "usury" regulations that in fact allowed southern banks to cheat freedmen.

Question 16

Why can the enactment of southern Black Codes in 1865 be considered a turning point in the course of Reconstruction?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Summary

Question 17

In the Reconstruction South,the Ku Klux Klan was

Accepted Answer

A)  often indistinguishable from the Democratic Party. 
B)  organized in Texas in 1868 and spread quickly throughout the South. 
C)  never the object of federal legislation to suppress it. 
D)  careful to avoid arousing congressional ire. 
A)  often indistinguishable from the Democratic Party. 
B)  organized in Texas in 1868 and spread quickly throughout the South. 
C)  never the object of federal legislation to suppress it. 
D)  careful to avoid arousing congressional ire.

Question 18

To what extent may it have been predicable in 1865 that,five years later,ex-slaves would receive the constitutional right to vote? Or that,having gone that far,the nation would deny the vote to women?

Accepted Answer

Answer:Conflicts raged over Reconstructi

Question 19

Through which of the following practices did white southerners avoid giving former slaves the right to vote?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collecting poll taxes 
B)  Ending right-to-work laws 
C)  Driving African American men out of the state 
D)  Waving the bloody shirt 
A)  Collecting poll taxes 
B)  Ending right-to-work laws 
C)  Driving African American men out of the state 
D)  Waving the bloody shirt

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios took place in the federal government immediately after Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in April 1866?

Accepted Answer

A)  Congressional Republicans enacted the Freedmen's Bureau law over Johnson's veto. 
B)  Radical Republicans formulated a plan to seek Johnson's impeachment. 
C)  Republican leaders decided that they had accomplished all they could before the midterm election. 
D)  Republicans introduced an amendment declaring that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" were citizens. 
A)  Congressional Republicans enacted the Freedmen's Bureau law over Johnson's veto. 
B)  Radical Republicans formulated a plan to seek Johnson's impeachment. 
C)  Republican leaders decided that they had accomplished all they could before the midterm election. 
D)  Republicans introduced an amendment declaring that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" were citizens.

Exam 14: Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Answer the following questions : -Crédit Mobilier

Answer the following questions : -sharecropping

Reconstruction ended in 1877 because

Answer the following questions : -Ku Klux Klan

Answer the following questions : -Freedmen's Bureau

A secret organization that functioned as the grassroots wing of Radical Republicanism in the South was called the

Why did the ex-slaves' struggle for land end with the creation of the sharecropping system?

Do you believe that the failure of Reconstruction was primarily a failure of leadership? Or,to put it more concretely,that the outcome might have been different had Lincoln lived or had chosen a different vice president?

To what extent was President Johnson responsible for the radicalization of the Republican Party in 1866?

Which of the following describes Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan,which he announced in December 1863?

Which of the following became critical community institutions for African Americans throughout the South during Reconstruction?

Some southerners used the term scalawags to describe

Which of the following statements characterizes the women's suffrage movement after the Civil War?

Which of the following statements describes the resettlement of former slaves in the South?

Many African American sharecroppers became trapped in a vicious cycle of debt after the Civil War mainly because

Why can the enactment of southern Black Codes in 1865 be considered a turning point in the course of Reconstruction?

In the Reconstruction South,the Ku Klux Klan was

To what extent may it have been predicable in 1865 that,five years later,ex-slaves would receive the constitutional right to vote? Or that,having gone that far,the nation would deny the vote to women?

Through which of the following practices did white southerners avoid giving former slaves the right to vote?

Which of the following scenarios took place in the federal government immediately after Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in April 1866?

Colliding Worlds, 1491-1600

American Experiments, 1521-1700

The British Atlantic World, 1607-1750

Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763

The Problem of Empire, 1754-1776

Making War and Republican Governments, 1776-1789

Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787-1820

Economic Transformations, 1800-1848

A Democratic Revolution, 1800-1848

Religion, Reform, and Culture, 1820-1848

Imperial Ambitions, 1820-1848

Sectional Conflict and Crisis, 1844-1860

Bloody Ground: the Civil War, 1861-1865

Conquering a Continent, 1860-1890

Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts, 1877-1910

Making Modern American Culture, 1880-1917

Civilizations Inferno: the Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880-1917

Whose Government Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880-1917

An Emerging World Power, 1890-1918

Unsettled Prosperity: From War to Depression, 1919-1932

Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal, 1929-1938

The World at War, 1937-1945

Cold War America, 1945-1963

Triumph of the Middle Class, 1945-1963

Walking Into Freedom Land: the Civil Rights Movement, 1941-1973

Uncivil Wars:liberal Crisis and Conservative Rebirth, 1961-1972

The Search for Order in an Era of Limits, 1973-1980

Conservative America in the Ascent, 1980-1991

Confronting Global and National Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present

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