Question 1

What was the outcome of the 1868 election?

Accepted Answer

A)  Democrats swept the South,promising that southern states could reorganize their own governments. 
B)  Republicans lost their two-thirds majority in the Senate due to the readmission of rebel states. 
C)  Republicans won the presidency and retained their two-thirds majority in both houses. 
D)  Democrats gained a Senate majority but were unable to capture the presidency or the House. 
A)  Democrats swept the South,promising that southern states could reorganize their own governments. 
B)  Republicans lost their two-thirds majority in the Senate due to the readmission of rebel states. 
C)  Republicans won the presidency and retained their two-thirds majority in both houses. 
D)  Democrats gained a Senate majority but were unable to capture the presidency or the House.

Question 2

Which politician's death marked the waning of Radical Reconstruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abraham Lincoln 
B)  Charles Sumner 
C)  Andrew Johnson 
D)  William Seward 
A)  Abraham Lincoln 
B)  Charles Sumner 
C)  Andrew Johnson 
D)  William Seward

Question 3

How was the Wade-Davis Bill of 1864 different from Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan?

Accepted Answer

A)  This proposal created an amnesty plan that was more lenient than Lincoln's earlier plan. 
B)  It stipulated that new southern governments could be formed only by those who had not fought against the North in the Civil War. 
C)  It required loyalty oaths from 90 percent of a southern state's adult white men before that state could hold a constitutional convention. 
D)  This more generous plan specified that former slaveholders would receive compensation for their property losses. 
A)  This proposal created an amnesty plan that was more lenient than Lincoln's earlier plan. 
B)  It stipulated that new southern governments could be formed only by those who had not fought against the North in the Civil War. 
C)  It required loyalty oaths from 90 percent of a southern state's adult white men before that state could hold a constitutional convention. 
D)  This more generous plan specified that former slaveholders would receive compensation for their property losses.

Question 4

The Republican state Reconstruction governments in the South made significant and long-lasting achievements in

Accepted Answer

A)  public education. 
B)  African American civil rights. 
C)  labor organizing. 
D)  black leadership development. 
A)  public education. 
B)  African American civil rights. 
C)  labor organizing. 
D)  black leadership development.

Question 5

Answer the following  questions :
-National Woman Suffrage Association

Accepted Answer

A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation. 
A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation.

Question 6

Answer the following  questions :
-Fourteenth Amendment

Accepted Answer

A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation. 
A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation.

Question 7

Which statement describes the sharecropping system that emerged to replace slavery in the South after the Civil War?

Accepted Answer

A)  It created an equal partnership between tenant farmer and owner. 
B)  Most sharecroppers believed it was preferable to a wage labor system. 
C)  Sharecroppers were often worse off than slaves had been. 
D)  Through sharecropping,freed slaves were able to advance very well economically. 
A)  It created an equal partnership between tenant farmer and owner. 
B)  Most sharecroppers believed it was preferable to a wage labor system. 
C)  Sharecroppers were often worse off than slaves had been. 
D)  Through sharecropping,freed slaves were able to advance very well economically.

Question 8

Which of the following statements describes the election of 1876?

Accepted Answer

A)  President Grant ran for,but failed to win,an unprecedented third term. 
B)  The Democratic candidate won the popular vote but not the electoral vote. 
C)  The Republican candidate won the popular vote,but several minor parties siphoned off enough electoral votes to force the election into the House of Representatives. 
D)  The Democratic candidate won the popular vote,but Republican officials in three southern states certified Republican victories,sending two sets of electoral votes to Congress. 
A)  President Grant ran for,but failed to win,an unprecedented third term. 
B)  The Democratic candidate won the popular vote but not the electoral vote. 
C)  The Republican candidate won the popular vote,but several minor parties siphoned off enough electoral votes to force the election into the House of Representatives. 
D)  The Democratic candidate won the popular vote,but Republican officials in three southern states certified Republican victories,sending two sets of electoral votes to Congress.

Question 9

Answer the following  questions :
-convict leasing

Accepted Answer

A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation. 
A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation.

Question 10

In the 1872 presidential election,the still disorganized Democratic Party

Accepted Answer

A)  demanded civil rights for African Americans. 
B)  allied with the reform-minded Liberal Republicans. 
C)  supported Samuel Tilden for president. 
D)  exposed the Whiskey Ring scandals. 
A)  demanded civil rights for African Americans. 
B)  allied with the reform-minded Liberal Republicans. 
C)  supported Samuel Tilden for president. 
D)  exposed the Whiskey Ring scandals.

Question 11

Why was it necessary to add the Thirteenth,Fourteenth,and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S.Constitution following the Civil War?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Constitution outlawed the federal government's interference with state laws. 
B)  The Bill of Rights gave state laws precedence over federal laws. 
C)  The Constitution had condoned slavery and allowed states to set voting requirements. 
D)  They weren't necessary;they were passed merely for emphasis and propaganda. 
A)  The Constitution outlawed the federal government's interference with state laws. 
B)  The Bill of Rights gave state laws precedence over federal laws. 
C)  The Constitution had condoned slavery and allowed states to set voting requirements. 
D)  They weren't necessary;they were passed merely for emphasis and propaganda.

Question 12

Answer the following  questions :
-Fifteenth Amendment

Accepted Answer

A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation. 
A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation.

Question 13

Answer the following  questions :
-Black Codes

Accepted Answer

A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation. 
A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation.

Question 14

The Civil Rights Act of 1866

Accepted Answer

A)  guaranteed suffrage for all adult freedmen. 
B)  required freedmen,like immigrants,to wait five years for U.S.citizenship. 
C)  declared freedmen to be citizens and gave them full access to the courts. 
D)  asserted that all former slaves would receive equal protection under the law. 
A)  guaranteed suffrage for all adult freedmen. 
B)  required freedmen,like immigrants,to wait five years for U.S.citizenship. 
C)  declared freedmen to be citizens and gave them full access to the courts. 
D)  asserted that all former slaves would receive equal protection under the law.

Question 15

Answer the following  questions :
-Enforcement Laws

Accepted Answer

A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation. 
A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation.

Question 16

Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1875 significant?

Accepted Answer

A)  The act required the desegregation of both churches and schools throughout the South. 
B)  It failed to address the issue of women's suffrage and add the word sex to the Constitution. 
C)  The legislation was the last congressional effort to address civil rights until the 1960s. 
D)  It failed to achieve ratification and broke Charles Sumner's heart and health. 
A)  The act required the desegregation of both churches and schools throughout the South. 
B)  It failed to address the issue of women's suffrage and add the word sex to the Constitution. 
C)  The legislation was the last congressional effort to address civil rights until the 1960s. 
D)  It failed to achieve ratification and broke Charles Sumner's heart and health.

Question 17

Answer the following  questions :
-Wade-Davis Bill

Accepted Answer

A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation. 
A) A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War,but never implemented,that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment. 
B) A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men,new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union,and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.The plan was passed but pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln. 
C) Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites,punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labor contract,and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. 
D) Government organization created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees.Active until the early 1870s,it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare. 
E) Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
F)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S.citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens,thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
G)An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts,each under the command of a U.S.general.To reenter the Union,former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.
H)Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race,color,or "previous condition of servitude."
I)A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone,Henry Blackwell,and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party,despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men,leaders of this organization held out hope that once Reconstruction had been settled,it would be women's turn.
J)A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf.The NWSA focused exclusively on women's rights-sometimes denigrating men of color in the process-and took up the battle for a federal women's suffrage amendment.
K)A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment,as some women's rights advocates argued.Women were citizens,the Court ruled,but state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished.
L)A trial,triggered by revelations made by free love advocate and journalist Victoria Woodhull,that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among a leading New York abolitionist pastor and his congregants,discrediting Radical Reconstruction by associating some of its advocates with alleged sexual immorality.
M)The labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers,particularly African Americans,divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.With local merchants providing supplies-in exchange for a lien on the crop-this labor system pushed farmers into cash-crop production and often trapped them in long-term debt.
N)Notorious system,begun during Reconstruction,whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
O)A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations,irrespective of race.
P)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
Q)A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.Organizers of the scheme protected it from investigation by providing gifts of its stock to powerful members of Congress.
R)Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans,immigrants,radicals,feminists,Catholics,and Jews.
S)Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S.Grant that were designed to protect freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.Authorizing federal prosecutions,military intervention,and martial law to suppress terrorist activity,the Enforcement Laws largely succeeded in shutting down Klan activities.
T)A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
U)A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875,rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation.

Question 18

To what extent did the emancipation of slaves actually transform southern society after 1865?
How did emancipation alter the organization of southern politics and labor? How did slaves try to shape their own lives and how did white southerners try to limit them?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Free Lab

Question 19

Southern whites responded to the end of slavery by enacting

Accepted Answer

A)  Black Codes. 
B)  the Freedmen's Bureau. 
C)  the Ordinance of Nullification. 
D)  the Civil Rights Act of 1866. 
A)  Black Codes. 
B)  the Freedmen's Bureau. 
C)  the Ordinance of Nullification. 
D)  the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

Question 20

Why did Republicans nominate Rutherford B.Hayes for president in 1876?

Accepted Answer

A)  He had won a reputation for honesty and appeared to be safe from charges of corruption. 
B)  His state,New York,was crucial to winning the election. 
C)  He promised to end Reconstruction,which had become a Republican liability. 
D)  His relationship with Grant would protect prominent but corrupt Republicans. 
A)  He had won a reputation for honesty and appeared to be safe from charges of corruption. 
B)  His state,New York,was crucial to winning the election. 
C)  He promised to end Reconstruction,which had become a Republican liability. 
D)  His relationship with Grant would protect prominent but corrupt Republicans.

Exam 14: Reconstruction, 1865-1877

What was the outcome of the 1868 election?

Which politician's death marked the waning of Radical Reconstruction?

How was the Wade-Davis Bill of 1864 different from Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan?

The Republican state Reconstruction governments in the South made significant and long-lasting achievements in

Answer the following questions : -National Woman Suffrage Association

Answer the following questions : -Fourteenth Amendment

Which statement describes the sharecropping system that emerged to replace slavery in the South after the Civil War?

Which of the following statements describes the election of 1876?

Answer the following questions : -convict leasing

In the 1872 presidential election,the still disorganized Democratic Party

Why was it necessary to add the Thirteenth,Fourteenth,and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S.Constitution following the Civil War?

Answer the following questions : -Fifteenth Amendment

Answer the following questions : -Black Codes

The Civil Rights Act of 1866

Answer the following questions : -Enforcement Laws

Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1875 significant?

Answer the following questions : -Wade-Davis Bill

To what extent did the emancipation of slaves actually transform southern society after 1865? How did emancipation alter the organization of southern politics and labor? How did slaves try to shape their own lives and how did white southerners try to limit them?

Southern whites responded to the end of slavery by enacting

Why did Republicans nominate Rutherford B.Hayes for president in 1876?

Colliding Worlds, 1491-1600

American Experiments, 1521-1700

The British Atlantic World, 1607-1750

Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763

The Problem of Empire, 1754-1776

Making War and Republican Governments, 1776-1789

Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787-1820

Economic Transformations, 1800-1848

A Democratic Revolution, 1800-1848

Religion, Reform, and Culture, 1820-1848

Imperial Ambitions, 1820-1848

Sectional Conflict and Crisis, 1844-1860

Bloody Ground: the Civil War, 1861-1865

Conquering a Continent, 1860-1890

Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts, 1877-1910

Making Modern American Culture, 1880-1917

Civilizations Inferno: the Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880-1917

Whose Government Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880-1917

An Emerging World Power, 1890-1918

Unsettled Prosperity: From War to Depression, 1919-1932

Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal, 1929-1938

The World at War, 1937-1945

Cold War America, 1945-1963

Triumph of the Middle Class, 1945-1963

Walking Into Freedom Land: the Civil Rights Movement, 1941-1973

Uncivil Wars:liberal Crisis and Conservative Rebirth, 1961-1972

The Search for Order in an Era of Limits, 1973-1980

Conservative America in the Ascent, 1980-1991

Confronting Global and National Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present

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