Question 1

Answer the following  questions :
-Black Panther Party

Accepted Answer

A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities. 
A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities.

Question 2

Answer the following  questions :
-Voting Rights Act of 1965

Accepted Answer

A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities. 
A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities.

Question 3

President Dwight Eisenhower promoted civil rights by

Accepted Answer

A)  initiating the construction of a national interstate system. 
B)  expressing public support for the Greensboro sit-in. 
C)  sending federal troops into Little Rock,Arkansas. 
D)  attending the Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire. 
A)  initiating the construction of a national interstate system. 
B)  expressing public support for the Greensboro sit-in. 
C)  sending federal troops into Little Rock,Arkansas. 
D)  attending the Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire.

Question 4

The philosophy of nonviolent direct action was first espoused by

Accepted Answer

A)  Martin Luther King Jr. 
B)  the Congress of Racial Equality (COR
E) . 
C)  Mahatma Gandhi. 
D)  the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNC
C) . 
A)  Martin Luther King Jr. 
B)  the Congress of Racial Equality (COR
E) . 
C)  Mahatma Gandhi. 
D)  the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNC
C) .

Question 5

Answer the following  questions :
-Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund (MALDEF)

Accepted Answer

A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities. 
A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities.

Question 6

Which group of African Americans played a critical role in prompting the emergence of a national civil rights movement after World War II?

Accepted Answer

A)  Southern sharecroppers 
B)  The black middle class 
C)  The black elite in the South 
D)  Blacks in integrated institutions 
A)  Southern sharecroppers 
B)  The black middle class 
C)  The black elite in the South 
D)  Blacks in integrated institutions

Question 7

What developments in American society helped to make the racial revolution of the 1950s and 1960s possible?

Accepted Answer

Answer should ideally include:
- Wartime

Question 8

Answer the following  questions :
-Jim Crow

Accepted Answer

A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities. 
A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities.

Question 9

Why did the civil rights movement begin when it did?

Accepted Answer

Answer should ideally include:
- Histori

Question 10

What effect did the Cold War have on the civil rights movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Since the movement was domestic in nature,the Cold War had almost no effect on it. 
B)  Black activists were recruited to help ferret out communists. 
C)  It both constrained and led to support for reforms. 
D)  It led to Rosa Parks's protest. 
A)  Since the movement was domestic in nature,the Cold War had almost no effect on it. 
B)  Black activists were recruited to help ferret out communists. 
C)  It both constrained and led to support for reforms. 
D)  It led to Rosa Parks's protest.

Question 11

In 1950,African Americans accounted for what percentage of the U.S.population?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 percent 
B)  40 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  65 percent 
A)  10 percent 
B)  40 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  65 percent

Question 12

In his famous "Letter from Birmingham Jail," Martin Luther King Jr.

Accepted Answer

A)  pleaded for supporters to donate money so that he and the hundreds of other protesters who were arrested could put up bail. 
B)  appealed to Christian and democratic beliefs,and argued that Americans had to make a moral choice about segregation. 
C)  warned that blacks would lose patience with nonviolent protest if their demands were not met. 
D)  proclaimed "I have a dream" for a racially integrated American society. 
A)  pleaded for supporters to donate money so that he and the hundreds of other protesters who were arrested could put up bail. 
B)  appealed to Christian and democratic beliefs,and argued that Americans had to make a moral choice about segregation. 
C)  warned that blacks would lose patience with nonviolent protest if their demands were not met. 
D)  proclaimed "I have a dream" for a racially integrated American society.

Question 13

What was the name of black activists' strategy for defeating American racism during World War II?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Fifth Freedom 
B)  Double V Campaign 
C)  The Brotherhood Charter 
D)  Erase the Color Line 
A)  The Fifth Freedom 
B)  Double V Campaign 
C)  The Brotherhood Charter 
D)  Erase the Color Line

Question 14

President Kennedy decided to ask for civil rights legislation after the

Accepted Answer

A)  Montgomery Bus Boycott. 
B)  demonstrations in Birmingham. 
C)  Greensboro sit-ins. 
D)  Freedom Rides. 
A)  Montgomery Bus Boycott. 
B)  demonstrations in Birmingham. 
C)  Greensboro sit-ins. 
D)  Freedom Rides.

Question 15

Which of the following events was an outcome of Rosa Parks's 1955 arrest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plessy v.Ferguson 
B)  The Montgomery Bus Boycott 
C)  Shelley v.Kraemer 
D)  Eisenhower's intervention in Little Rock,Arkansas 
A)  Plessy v.Ferguson 
B)  The Montgomery Bus Boycott 
C)  Shelley v.Kraemer 
D)  Eisenhower's intervention in Little Rock,Arkansas

Question 16

Answer the following  questions :
-March on Washington

Accepted Answer

A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities. 
A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities.

Question 17

Which of the following statements describes the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allowed literacy tests as long as they were not used to discriminate on the basis of race. 
B)  The law was broad and comprehensive but lacked effective enforcement provisions. 
C)  It outlawed discriminatory voter registration measures and was highly effective in the South. 
D)  The law was so effective that Congress allowed it to lapse in 1978. 
A)  It allowed literacy tests as long as they were not used to discriminate on the basis of race. 
B)  The law was broad and comprehensive but lacked effective enforcement provisions. 
C)  It outlawed discriminatory voter registration measures and was highly effective in the South. 
D)  The law was so effective that Congress allowed it to lapse in 1978.

Question 18

Answer the following  questions :
-American GI Forum

Accepted Answer

A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities. 
A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities.

Question 19

Answer the following  questions :
-"To Secure These Rights"

Accepted Answer

A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities. 
A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities.

Question 20

How did the Kennedy administration respond to the Freedom Rides in 1961?

Accepted Answer

A)  Afraid to take a stand during the first year of his presidency,Kennedy did nothing. 
B)  Kennedy's administration sent in FBI agents to protect voting-rights activists,but most agents sided with local white racists or did nothing. 
C)  After hesitating,Kennedy gave support to the Freedom Riders by allowing federal marshals to protect them. 
D)  President Kennedy appeared on national television to denounce racism and propose a civil rights bill. 
A)  Afraid to take a stand during the first year of his presidency,Kennedy did nothing. 
B)  Kennedy's administration sent in FBI agents to protect voting-rights activists,but most agents sided with local white racists or did nothing. 
C)  After hesitating,Kennedy gave support to the Freedom Riders by allowing federal marshals to protect them. 
D)  President Kennedy appeared on national television to denounce racism and propose a civil rights bill.

Exam 26: Walking Into Freedom Land: the Civil Rights Movement, 1941-1973

Answer the following questions : -Black Panther Party

Answer the following questions : -Voting Rights Act of 1965

President Dwight Eisenhower promoted civil rights by

The philosophy of nonviolent direct action was first espoused by

Answer the following questions : -Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund (MALDEF)

Which group of African Americans played a critical role in prompting the emergence of a national civil rights movement after World War II?

What developments in American society helped to make the racial revolution of the 1950s and 1960s possible?

Answer the following questions : -Jim Crow

Why did the civil rights movement begin when it did?

What effect did the Cold War have on the civil rights movement?

In 1950,African Americans accounted for what percentage of the U.S.population?

In his famous "Letter from Birmingham Jail," Martin Luther King Jr.

What was the name of black activists' strategy for defeating American racism during World War II?

President Kennedy decided to ask for civil rights legislation after the

Which of the following events was an outcome of Rosa Parks's 1955 arrest?

Answer the following questions : -March on Washington

Which of the following statements describes the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Answer the following questions : -American GI Forum

Answer the following questions : -"To Secure These Rights"

How did the Kennedy administration respond to the Freedom Rides in 1961?

Colliding Worlds, 1491-1600

American Experiments, 1521-1700

The British Atlantic World, 1607-1750

Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763

The Problem of Empire, 1754-1776

Making War and Republican Governments, 1776-1789

Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787-1820

Economic Transformations, 1800-1848

A Democratic Revolution, 1800-1848

Religion, Reform, and Culture, 1820-1848

Imperial Ambitions, 1820-1848

Sectional Conflict and Crisis, 1844-1860

Bloody Ground: the Civil War, 1861-1865

Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Conquering a Continent, 1860-1890

Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts, 1877-1910

Making Modern American Culture, 1880-1917

Civilizations Inferno: the Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880-1917

Whose Government Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880-1917

An Emerging World Power, 1890-1918

Unsettled Prosperity: From War to Depression, 1919-1932

Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal, 1929-1938

The World at War, 1937-1945

Cold War America, 1945-1963

Triumph of the Middle Class, 1945-1963

Uncivil Wars:liberal Crisis and Conservative Rebirth, 1961-1972

The Search for Order in an Era of Limits, 1973-1980

Conservative America in the Ascent, 1980-1991

Confronting Global and National Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present

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