Question 1

How did white resistance hinder the movement? In what ways did it help?

Accepted Answer

Answer should ideally include:
- White R

Question 2

Which of the following statements describes the status of Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans in the Southwest in the 1940s?

Accepted Answer

A)  Discrimination against people of Mexican descent had much in common with that affecting African Americans in the South. 
B)  People of Mexican descent faced discrimination in employment,but they did not endure political repression. 
C)  Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans had many more resources that African Americans to fight discrimination during the 1940s. 
D)  Due to their more recent arrival in the United States,people of Mexican descent endured more severe discrimination than African Americans. 
A)  Discrimination against people of Mexican descent had much in common with that affecting African Americans in the South. 
B)  People of Mexican descent faced discrimination in employment,but they did not endure political repression. 
C)  Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans had many more resources that African Americans to fight discrimination during the 1940s. 
D)  Due to their more recent arrival in the United States,people of Mexican descent endured more severe discrimination than African Americans.

Question 3

Which of the following statements characterizes the emergence of Cesar Chavez as a national figure during the 1960s?

Accepted Answer

A)  He had his base among Mexican and Mexican American migrant agricultural workers in South Texas. 
B)  He and the United Farm Workers union won national attention by organizing a grape pickers' strike in 1965. 
C)  Although his grape boycott was soundly defeated,Chavez forged an alliance with the AFL-CIO and won endorsement from Robert F.Kennedy. 
D)  The United Farm Workers union that he organized was never recognized by grape growers. 
A)  He had his base among Mexican and Mexican American migrant agricultural workers in South Texas. 
B)  He and the United Farm Workers union won national attention by organizing a grape pickers' strike in 1965. 
C)  Although his grape boycott was soundly defeated,Chavez forged an alliance with the AFL-CIO and won endorsement from Robert F.Kennedy. 
D)  The United Farm Workers union that he organized was never recognized by grape growers.

Question 4

Answer the following  questions :
-Community Services Organization (CSO)

Accepted Answer

A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities. 
A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities.

Question 5

Who was the lesser-known cofounder of the United Farm Workers,who was a brilliant organizer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elizo de la Garza 
B)  Dolores Huerta 
C)  Edward Roybal 
D)  Henry González 
A)  Elizo de la Garza 
B)  Dolores Huerta 
C)  Edward Roybal 
D)  Henry González

Question 6

Answer the following  questions :
-La Raza Unida

Accepted Answer

A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities. 
A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities.

Question 7

In June 1943,thirty-four people died during a major race riot in

Accepted Answer

A)  Washington,D.C. 
B)  Cleveland. 
C)  Detroit. 
D)  Oakland. 
A)  Washington,D.C. 
B)  Cleveland. 
C)  Detroit. 
D)  Oakland.

Question 8

Why was the 1963 March on Washington significant in the history of the civil rights movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conflicts between moderate and militant activists signaled an emerging rift in the larger civil rights movement. 
B)  The march started peacefully but devolved into violence after local police beat protesters who refused to disperse. 
C)  The emotional march helped swing the balance of power in Congress and made it easier to pass civil rights legislation. 
D)  The march,which consisted of approximately 250,000 black protesters and few whites,illustrated the movement's lack of broad-based white support. 
A)  Conflicts between moderate and militant activists signaled an emerging rift in the larger civil rights movement. 
B)  The march started peacefully but devolved into violence after local police beat protesters who refused to disperse. 
C)  The emotional march helped swing the balance of power in Congress and made it easier to pass civil rights legislation. 
D)  The march,which consisted of approximately 250,000 black protesters and few whites,illustrated the movement's lack of broad-based white support.

Question 9

In 1941,President Roosevelt issued an executive order banning racial discrimination in defense industries primarily because

Accepted Answer

A)  he was a strong supporter of civil rights. 
B)  a Supreme Court decision obliged him to do so. 
C)  he wanted to avoid a black protest march in Washington,D.C. 
D)  it was consistent with the Atlantic Charter. 
A)  he was a strong supporter of civil rights. 
B)  a Supreme Court decision obliged him to do so. 
C)  he wanted to avoid a black protest march in Washington,D.C. 
D)  it was consistent with the Atlantic Charter.

Question 10

Under the banner of black power,African American activists worked for

Accepted Answer

A)  an end to poverty and social injustice endured by many African Americans. 
B)  black communities' right to secede from the Union to protect their rights and interests. 
C)  black supremacy in every state in the United States. 
D)  the racial integration of neighborhoods,schools,churches,and other public institutions. 
A)  an end to poverty and social injustice endured by many African Americans. 
B)  black communities' right to secede from the Union to protect their rights and interests. 
C)  black supremacy in every state in the United States. 
D)  the racial integration of neighborhoods,schools,churches,and other public institutions.

Question 11

Answer the following  questions :
-Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka

Accepted Answer

A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities. 
A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities.

Question 12

What actions did the federal government undertake in support of racial change in the 1950s and 1960s?
Answer Key

Accepted Answer

Answer should ideally include:
- Judicia

Question 13

Two hundred Sioux,organized by AIM to dramatize their cause,engaged in several gun battles with the FBI for over two months in 1973 at

Accepted Answer

A)  Wounded Knee. 
B)  Alcatraz. 
C)  the Bureau of Indian Affairs headquarters. 
D)  Little Big Horn. 
A)  Wounded Knee. 
B)  Alcatraz. 
C)  the Bureau of Indian Affairs headquarters. 
D)  Little Big Horn.

Question 14

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 addressed

Accepted Answer

A)  busing for school integration. 
B)  discrimination in many areas of American society. 
C)  racial integration of the armed forces. 
D)  equal pay for equal work. 
A)  busing for school integration. 
B)  discrimination in many areas of American society. 
C)  racial integration of the armed forces. 
D)  equal pay for equal work.

Question 15

Answer the following  questions :
-Nation of Islam

Accepted Answer

A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities. 
A) The conviction that individuals require government protection from discrimination.This version of liberalism was promoted by the civil rights and women's movements and focused on identities-such as race or gender-rather than the general social welfare of New Deal liberalism. 
B) Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)that espoused nonviolent direct action.In 1961 this group organized a series of what were called Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to call attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce. 
C) System of racial segregation in the South that lasted a century,from after the Civil War until the 1960s. 
D) A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company. 
E) The 1947 report by the Presidential Committee on Civil Rights that called for robust federal action to ensure equality for African Americans.President Truman asked Congress to make all of the report's recommendations-including the abolition of poll taxes and the restoration of the Fair Employment Practice Committee-into law,leading to discord in the Democratic Party.
F)A breakaway party of white Democrats from the South,formed for the 1948 election.Its formation shed light on an internal struggle between the civil rights aims of the party's liberal wing and southern white Democrats.
G)A group founded by World War II veterans in Corpus Christi,Texas,in 1948 to protest the poor treatment of Mexican American soldiers and veterans.
H)A Latino civil rights group founded in Los Angeles in 1947,which trained many Latino politicians and community activists,including Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.
I)Supreme Court ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" precedent established in Plessy v.Ferguson in 1896.The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
J)Yearlong boycott of this city's segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city's African American population.The boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr.to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme Court declared segregated seating on public transportation unconstitutional.
K)After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,Martin Luther King Jr.and other civil rights leaders formed this organization in 1957 to coordinate civil rights activity in the South.
L)A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.The group initially embraced an interracial and nonhierarchical structure that encouraged leadership at the grassroots level and practiced the civil disobedience principles of Martin Luther King Jr.As violence against civil rights activists escalated nationwide in the 1960s,the group expelled nonblack members and promoted "black power" and the teachings of Malcolm X.
M)On August 28,1963,a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
N)Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment,education,and public accommodations illegal.It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
O)Party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964.Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City,New Jersey,as the legitimate representatives of their state,but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.
P)Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure minorities' access to the voting booth.
Q)A major strain of African American thought that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy.Present in black communities for centuries,it periodically came to the fore,as in Marcus Garvey's pan-Africanist movement in the early twentieth century and in various organizations in the 1960s and 1970s,such as the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party.
R)A religion founded in the United States that became a leading source of black nationalist thought in the 1960s.Black Muslims preached an apocalyptic brand of this religion,anticipating the day when Allah would banish the white "devils" and give the black nation justice.
S)A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence,founded in Oakland,California,in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities,where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects,but the Panthers' radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
T)An organization that sought self-determination for Puerto Ricans in the United States and in the Caribbean.Though immediate victories for the group were few,their dedicated community organizing produced a generation of leaders and awakened community consciousness.
U)A union of farmworkers founded in 1962 by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta that sought to empower the mostly Mexican American migrant farmworkers who faced discrimination and exploitative conditions,especially in the Southwest.
V)A Mexican American civil rights organization founded in 1967 and based on the model of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.This Mexican American civil rights organization focused on legal issues and endeavored to win protections against discrimination through court decisions.
W)Founded in Texas in 1970 by Mexican Americans as an alternative to the two major political parties,the organization ran candidates for state governor and other local government positions in the 1970s.It was an expression of the Chicano/a movement and its attempts to create political unity among American citizens of Mexican descent.
X)Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities,including poverty and police harassment.The group organized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and to win greater control over their cultures and communities.

Question 16

Many of the movements of the late 1960s and early 1970s called for racial pride and independence from white America.What were the advantages and disadvantages of such a call?

Accepted Answer

Answer should ideally include:
- Advanta

Question 17

After years of resistance,why did Congress finally pass the great Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1965?

Accepted Answer

His assassination in November of that ye

Question 18

Which of the following characterizes racial segregation in the United States during the 1950s?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most African American ghettos were in the cities of the Deep South. 
B)  African Americans were equally disenfranchised in both the North and the South. 
C)  African Americans were frequent targets of police harassment in many northern cities. 
D)  Legal discrimination was practiced by state governments but not federal government agencies. 
A)  Most African American ghettos were in the cities of the Deep South. 
B)  African Americans were equally disenfranchised in both the North and the South. 
C)  African Americans were frequent targets of police harassment in many northern cities. 
D)  Legal discrimination was practiced by state governments but not federal government agencies.

Question 19

Did the Supreme Court's decision in Brown bring about the change that advocates had hoped for? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

Answer should ideally include:
- Summary

Question 20

Which of the following actions did President Truman take in support of African American civil rights?

Accepted Answer

A)  He appointed a presidential commission on civil rights. 
B)  He threatened to use federal troops to register blacks in the South. 
C)  He called on Congress to eliminate Jim Crow laws in the South. 
D)  He spearheaded a plan he called the New Reconstruction. 
A)  He appointed a presidential commission on civil rights. 
B)  He threatened to use federal troops to register blacks in the South. 
C)  He called on Congress to eliminate Jim Crow laws in the South. 
D)  He spearheaded a plan he called the New Reconstruction.

Exam 26: Walking Into Freedom Land: the Civil Rights Movement, 1941-1973

How did white resistance hinder the movement? In what ways did it help?

Which of the following statements describes the status of Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans in the Southwest in the 1940s?

Which of the following statements characterizes the emergence of Cesar Chavez as a national figure during the 1960s?

Answer the following questions : -Community Services Organization (CSO)

Who was the lesser-known cofounder of the United Farm Workers,who was a brilliant organizer?

Answer the following questions : -La Raza Unida

In June 1943,thirty-four people died during a major race riot in

Why was the 1963 March on Washington significant in the history of the civil rights movement?

In 1941,President Roosevelt issued an executive order banning racial discrimination in defense industries primarily because

Under the banner of black power,African American activists worked for

Answer the following questions : -Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka

What actions did the federal government undertake in support of racial change in the 1950s and 1960s? Answer Key

Two hundred Sioux,organized by AIM to dramatize their cause,engaged in several gun battles with the FBI for over two months in 1973 at

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 addressed

Answer the following questions : -Nation of Islam

Many of the movements of the late 1960s and early 1970s called for racial pride and independence from white America.What were the advantages and disadvantages of such a call?

After years of resistance,why did Congress finally pass the great Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1965?

Which of the following characterizes racial segregation in the United States during the 1950s?

Did the Supreme Court's decision in Brown bring about the change that advocates had hoped for? Explain your answer.

Which of the following actions did President Truman take in support of African American civil rights?

Colliding Worlds, 1491-1600

American Experiments, 1521-1700

The British Atlantic World, 1607-1750

Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763

The Problem of Empire, 1754-1776

Making War and Republican Governments, 1776-1789

Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787-1820

Economic Transformations, 1800-1848

A Democratic Revolution, 1800-1848

Religion, Reform, and Culture, 1820-1848

Imperial Ambitions, 1820-1848

Sectional Conflict and Crisis, 1844-1860

Bloody Ground: the Civil War, 1861-1865

Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Conquering a Continent, 1860-1890

Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts, 1877-1910

Making Modern American Culture, 1880-1917

Civilizations Inferno: the Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880-1917

Whose Government Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880-1917

An Emerging World Power, 1890-1918

Unsettled Prosperity: From War to Depression, 1919-1932

Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal, 1929-1938

The World at War, 1937-1945

Cold War America, 1945-1963

Triumph of the Middle Class, 1945-1963

Uncivil Wars:liberal Crisis and Conservative Rebirth, 1961-1972

The Search for Order in an Era of Limits, 1973-1980

Conservative America in the Ascent, 1980-1991

Confronting Global and National Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present

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