Question 1

The key to understanding language acquisition is to

Accepted Answer

A) consider the structure of the language. 
B) study the context in which language is learned and used. 
C) concentrate on the biological basis of language. 
D) analyze the way a child learns language. 
A) consider the structure of the language. 
B) study the context in which language is learned and used. 
C) concentrate on the biological basis of language. 
D) analyze the way a child learns language.

Question 2

Which two animal species demonstrate language learning that resembles human learning the most?

Accepted Answer

A) Bonobos and African grey parrots 
B) Vervet monkeys and chimpanzees 
C) Squirrels and canaries 
D) Finches and bonobos 
A) Bonobos and African grey parrots 
B) Vervet monkeys and chimpanzees 
C) Squirrels and canaries 
D) Finches and bonobos

Question 3

Researchers have found that __________ influenced by culture.

Accepted Answer

A) neither language nor thought is 
B) language,but not thought,is 
C) thought,but not language,is 
D) both language and thought are 
A) neither language nor thought is 
B) language,but not thought,is 
C) thought,but not language,is 
D) both language and thought are

Question 4

This account of language acquisition posits that children infer what language means based on the context,including interactions with others.

Accepted Answer

A) Social stigmatics 
B) Social pragmatics 
C) Nativist 
D) Nurturist 
A) Social stigmatics 
B) Social pragmatics 
C) Nativist 
D) Nurturist

Question 5

Studies of children with __________ have provided evidence that the age of exposure to language influences children's learning success.

Accepted Answer

A) deafness 
B) autism 
C) cochlear implants 
D) feral syndrome 
A) deafness 
B) autism 
C) cochlear implants 
D) feral syndrome

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of top-down processing?

Accepted Answer

A) Habituation 
B) Sensation 
C) Transduction 
D) Chunking information 
A) Habituation 
B) Sensation 
C) Transduction 
D) Chunking information

Question 7

The English language has __________ phonemes.

Accepted Answer

A) no more than 15 
B) more than 100 
C) between 60 and 75 
D) between 40 and 45 
A) no more than 15 
B) more than 100 
C) between 60 and 75 
D) between 40 and 45

Question 8

__________ are grammatical elements that modify words by adding sounds to them that change their meaning (such as adding s for plural).

Accepted Answer

A) Syntax 
B) Dialectical qualifiers 
C) Phonesthemes 
D) Morphological markers 
A) Syntax 
B) Dialectical qualifiers 
C) Phonesthemes 
D) Morphological markers

Question 9

Dr.Wigand studies the use of alarm calls in a population of vervet monkeys.She presents the monkeys with different types of predators (e.g. ,leopard,snake,hawk)and records their vocalizations.What should Dr.Wigand expect to find when she analyzes the alarm calls?

Accepted Answer

A) Vervet monkeys only produce alarm calls for the most threatening of the predators. 
B) Vervet monkeys use different alarm calls for different predators. 
C) Vervet monkeys use the same alarm call for all different types of predators. 
D) Vervet monkeys do not produce alarm calls but only calls specific to mating and aggression. 
A) Vervet monkeys only produce alarm calls for the most threatening of the predators. 
B) Vervet monkeys use different alarm calls for different predators. 
C) Vervet monkeys use the same alarm call for all different types of predators. 
D) Vervet monkeys do not produce alarm calls but only calls specific to mating and aggression.

Question 10

In order to conclusively show that animals do use language,one would have to demonstrate that

Accepted Answer

A) the language had an auditory,or sound,component. 
B) the animals have the same vocal abilities as people. 
C) the language used arbitrary symbols. 
D) the language had a genetic or instinctual base. 
A) the language had an auditory,or sound,component. 
B) the animals have the same vocal abilities as people. 
C) the language used arbitrary symbols. 
D) the language had a genetic or instinctual base.

Question 11

Dr.Fortner is discussing cognitive psychology with his introductory psychology class and says that we act as cognitive misers when making judgments about others or making decisions.What does Dr.Fortner mean with this statement?

Accepted Answer

A) We will use heuristics only as long as they give us the correct answer. 
B) We value accuracy in our judgments and decisions. 
C) We value simplicity in understanding our social world. 
D) We are frequently incorrect in our judgments and decision making. 
A) We will use heuristics only as long as they give us the correct answer. 
B) We value accuracy in our judgments and decisions. 
C) We value simplicity in understanding our social world. 
D) We are frequently incorrect in our judgments and decision making.

Question 12

__________ provide(s)an example where children appear to develop their own system of communication that are often a combination of basic language components and invented components.

Accepted Answer

A) Cryptophasia 
B) Homesign 
C) Phonesthemes 
D) Covert speech 
A) Cryptophasia 
B) Homesign 
C) Phonesthemes 
D) Covert speech

Question 13

When we use the __________ heuristic,we compare a particular person and their behaviour to some model or prototype.

Accepted Answer

A) attitude 
B) simulation 
C) availability 
D) representativeness 
A) attitude 
B) simulation 
C) availability 
D) representativeness

Question 14

Early attempts to teach chimpanzees to talk were complete failures,primarily because

Accepted Answer

A) the researchers didn't use scientific conditioning methods. 
B) chimpanzees lack the physical ability to produce spoken speech. 
C) nothing-even the earliest attempts achieved real successes. 
D) the chimpanzees used were not of the proper species. 
A) the researchers didn't use scientific conditioning methods. 
B) chimpanzees lack the physical ability to produce spoken speech. 
C) nothing-even the earliest attempts achieved real successes. 
D) the chimpanzees used were not of the proper species.

Question 15

Newborn infants show a preference for

Accepted Answer

A) their mother's native language. 
B) the English language. 
C) any language if it is spoken by a familiar voice. 
D) the Spanish language. 
A) their mother's native language. 
B) the English language. 
C) any language if it is spoken by a familiar voice. 
D) the Spanish language.

Question 16

Your friend sends you a text message on your cellphone that says,"This is just horrible!" In order to interpret what your friend is meaning,you often need __________ to help you understand what is going on.

Accepted Answer

A) phonesthemes 
B) syntax 
C) extralinguistic information 
D) dialect 
A) phonesthemes 
B) syntax 
C) extralinguistic information 
D) dialect

Question 17

Which of the following provides an example of animal communication that goes beyond situations concerning mating and aggression?

Accepted Answer

A) Facial expressions and slapping the ground in chimpanzees 
B) Male songbirds producing specific songs 
C) A wildcat barring its teeth at an intruder 
D) The waggle dance of honeybees 
A) Facial expressions and slapping the ground in chimpanzees 
B) Male songbirds producing specific songs 
C) A wildcat barring its teeth at an intruder 
D) The waggle dance of honeybees

Question 18

According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,a person's native language dictates

Accepted Answer

A) the understanding of syntax. 
B) the speed with which the language is acquired. 
C) the length of the critical period. 
D) their thinking processes. 
A) the understanding of syntax. 
B) the speed with which the language is acquired. 
C) the length of the critical period. 
D) their thinking processes.

Question 19

The sounds t,th,and sh are

Accepted Answer

A) phonemes. 
B) morphemes. 
C) semantics. 
D) registers. 
A) phonemes. 
B) morphemes. 
C) semantics. 
D) registers.

Question 20

The tendency to overestimate how well we could have successfully forecast known outcomes is called the

Accepted Answer

A) confirmation bias. 
B) hindsight bias. 
C) representativeness heuristic. 
D) availability heuristic. 
A) confirmation bias. 
B) hindsight bias. 
C) representativeness heuristic. 
D) availability heuristic.

Exam 8: D: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

The key to understanding language acquisition is to

Which two animal species demonstrate language learning that resembles human learning the most?

Researchers have found that __________ influenced by culture.

This account of language acquisition posits that children infer what language means based on the context,including interactions with others.

Studies of children with __________ have provided evidence that the age of exposure to language influences children's learning success.

Which of the following is an example of top-down processing?

The English language has __________ phonemes.

__________ are grammatical elements that modify words by adding sounds to them that change their meaning (such as adding s for plural).

Dr.Wigand studies the use of alarm calls in a population of vervet monkeys.She presents the monkeys with different types of predators (e.g. ,leopard,snake,hawk)and records their vocalizations.What should Dr.Wigand expect to find when she analyzes the alarm calls?

In order to conclusively show that animals do use language,one would have to demonstrate that

Dr.Fortner is discussing cognitive psychology with his introductory psychology class and says that we act as cognitive misers when making judgments about others or making decisions.What does Dr.Fortner mean with this statement?

__________ provide(s)an example where children appear to develop their own system of communication that are often a combination of basic language components and invented components.

When we use the __________ heuristic,we compare a particular person and their behaviour to some model or prototype.

Early attempts to teach chimpanzees to talk were complete failures,primarily because

Newborn infants show a preference for

Your friend sends you a text message on your cellphone that says,"This is just horrible!" In order to interpret what your friend is meaning,you often need __________ to help you understand what is going on.

Which of the following provides an example of animal communication that goes beyond situations concerning mating and aggression?

According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,a person's native language dictates

The sounds t,th,and sh are

The tendency to overestimate how well we could have successfully forecast known outcomes is called the

A: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

B: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

C: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

D: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

A: Research Methods

B: Research Methods

C: Research Methods

D: Research Methods

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

A: Thinking,reasoning,and Language

B: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

C: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

A: Intelligence and Iq Testing

B: Intelligence and Iq Testing

C: Intelligence and Iq Testing

D: Intelligence and Iq Testing

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Emotion and Motivation

B: Emotion and Motivation

C: Emotion and Motivation

D: Emotion and Motivation

A: Stress,coping,and Health

B: Stress,coping,and Health

C: Stress,coping,and Health

D: Stress,coping,and Health

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders