Question 1

Much of our language use serves non-informational purposes,such as

Accepted Answer

A) maintaining social relationships. 
B) telling the barista that we want a skim latte. 
C) providing directions to an event. 
D) advising a friend what time to show up at a party. 
A) maintaining social relationships. 
B) telling the barista that we want a skim latte. 
C) providing directions to an event. 
D) advising a friend what time to show up at a party.

Question 2

Which of the following is false with respect to language development in deaf babies?

Accepted Answer

A) Deaf babies acquire their first "words" (signs)much later than hearing babies. 
B) Deaf babies pass through the same stages of syntactic development as hearing babies. 
C) Deaf babies engage in babbling behaviour with their hands rather than vocally. 
D) Deaf babies born to hearing parents may be slightly delayed if the parents do not know how to sign. 
A) Deaf babies acquire their first "words" (signs)much later than hearing babies. 
B) Deaf babies pass through the same stages of syntactic development as hearing babies. 
C) Deaf babies engage in babbling behaviour with their hands rather than vocally. 
D) Deaf babies born to hearing parents may be slightly delayed if the parents do not know how to sign.

Question 3

Research has demonstrated that when it comes to making decisions based on our emotional preferences (such as what we find attractive or appealing),

Accepted Answer

A) careful thought and weighing the pros and cons leads to the highest satisfaction in the decision. 
B) use of heuristics is particularly prevalent as it is not cognitively efficient to be bogged down by emotion. 
C) thinking too much can lead us to become overwhelmed and ultimately dissatisfied with our choice. 
D) we are distracted by our emotions,which leads to faulty reasoning and poor decisions. 
A) careful thought and weighing the pros and cons leads to the highest satisfaction in the decision. 
B) use of heuristics is particularly prevalent as it is not cognitively efficient to be bogged down by emotion. 
C) thinking too much can lead us to become overwhelmed and ultimately dissatisfied with our choice. 
D) we are distracted by our emotions,which leads to faulty reasoning and poor decisions.

Question 4

Allowing an infinite number of unique sentences to be created from combining our symbols in novel ways refers to

Accepted Answer

A) semanticity. 
B) generativity. 
C) displacement. 
D) syntax. 
A) semanticity. 
B) generativity. 
C) displacement. 
D) syntax.

Question 5

One of the key difficulties in studying how deaf infants acquire language is

Accepted Answer

A) the small population size. 
B) having similar learning conditions between deaf and hearing babies. 
C) differences in how babies babble. 
D) that deaf babies do not learn syntax. 
A) the small population size. 
B) having similar learning conditions between deaf and hearing babies. 
C) differences in how babies babble. 
D) that deaf babies do not learn syntax.

Question 6

Our co-worker says,"It's awful in here." To understand what she means,we must

Accepted Answer

A) examine the morphemes in the statement to determine the smaller units of meaning in the sentence. 
B) ignore nonverbal cues so that we are not distracted. 
C) parse the grammatical structure of her comment. 
D) take into account extralinguistic information,such as location and facial expressions. 
A) examine the morphemes in the statement to determine the smaller units of meaning in the sentence. 
B) ignore nonverbal cues so that we are not distracted. 
C) parse the grammatical structure of her comment. 
D) take into account extralinguistic information,such as location and facial expressions.

Question 7

Using the __________ paradigm,researchers have found that infants can recognize sounds to which they were exposed in utero.

Accepted Answer

A) Cat in the Hat 
B) habituation 
C) high-amplitude sucking 
D) auditory cliff 
A) Cat in the Hat 
B) habituation 
C) high-amplitude sucking 
D) auditory cliff

Question 8

Phonemes are

Accepted Answer

A) the basic rules of grammar. 
B) the basic brain structures. 
C) the basic units of meaning. 
D) the basic units of sound. 
A) the basic rules of grammar. 
B) the basic brain structures. 
C) the basic units of meaning. 
D) the basic units of sound.

Question 9

John Gottman and his colleagues were able to predict divorce rates of couples with startling accuracy using techniques related to the concept of

Accepted Answer

A) linear regression. 
B) the availability heuristic. 
C) cognitive load. 
D) thin slicing. 
A) linear regression. 
B) the availability heuristic. 
C) cognitive load. 
D) thin slicing.

Question 10

Learning theories for the acquisition of language emphasize the importance of

Accepted Answer

A) differences between animal communication and real language. 
B) an inborn ability to learn and use language. 
C) our experience with language. 
D) health in teaching children to speak. 
A) differences between animal communication and real language. 
B) an inborn ability to learn and use language. 
C) our experience with language. 
D) health in teaching children to speak.

Question 11

In most cases,the rules of syntax

Accepted Answer

A) are the same across different languages. 
B) are rarely followed in real-world language. 
C) are perfectly applied in conversation. 
D) are the same across different dialects. 
A) are the same across different languages. 
B) are rarely followed in real-world language. 
C) are perfectly applied in conversation. 
D) are the same across different dialects.

Question 12

Language is

Accepted Answer

A) a communication system that requires little implicit processing. 
B) rarely ambiguous. 
C) a symbol system of communication. 
D) a communication system that includes words but not gestures. 
A) a communication system that requires little implicit processing. 
B) rarely ambiguous. 
C) a symbol system of communication. 
D) a communication system that includes words but not gestures.

Question 13

Research on speed-reading courses indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) the faster we read,the better able we are to retain attention to the text. 
B) comprehension is not negatively impacted. 
C) comprehension suffers greatly. 
D) speed is completely unrelated to comprehension. 
A) the faster we read,the better able we are to retain attention to the text. 
B) comprehension is not negatively impacted. 
C) comprehension suffers greatly. 
D) speed is completely unrelated to comprehension.

Question 14

The level of analysis of language that focuses on how words are combined to form sentences is called

Accepted Answer

A) morphemes. 
B) phonemes. 
C) syntax. 
D) extralinguistic. 
A) morphemes. 
B) phonemes. 
C) syntax. 
D) extralinguistic.

Question 15

By the end of the first year of life,an infant will generally

Accepted Answer

A) speak in two-word "sentences." 
B) be in the cooing stage of vocalization. 
C) have a vocabulary of approximately 100 words. 
D) use only the phonemes of the native language of his or her caregiver. 
A) speak in two-word "sentences." 
B) be in the cooing stage of vocalization. 
C) have a vocabulary of approximately 100 words. 
D) use only the phonemes of the native language of his or her caregiver.

Question 16

When attempting to solve a problem,we are often distracted by __________ rather than focusing on the underlying reasoning needed to solve the problem.

Accepted Answer

A) the hindsight bias 
B) thin slicing 
C) mental sets 
D) the salience of surface properties 
A) the hindsight bias 
B) thin slicing 
C) mental sets 
D) the salience of surface properties

Question 17

Which of the following statements about sign language is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Deaf babies babble with their hands. 
B) American Sign Language translates word-for-word to spoken English. 
C) Signing has a negative effect on a deaf child's ability to speak. 
D) Because they can lip-read,deaf people do not need to learn sign language. 
A) Deaf babies babble with their hands. 
B) American Sign Language translates word-for-word to spoken English. 
C) Signing has a negative effect on a deaf child's ability to speak. 
D) Because they can lip-read,deaf people do not need to learn sign language.

Question 18

Susan's car gets stuck in the snow,and no matter what she tries,her tires just keep spinning as she can't get any traction underneath her tires.She looks at the items in her trunk (crackers,her school books,some windshield washer fluid,and some kitty litter)and is frustrated because she doesn't seem to have anything to help her out of her situation.Susan is displaying __________ as she did not think of using kitty litter to sprinkle under her tires to help with traction.

Accepted Answer

A) a mental set 
B) functional fixedness 
C) the availability heuristic 
D) the hindsight bias 
A) a mental set 
B) functional fixedness 
C) the availability heuristic 
D) the hindsight bias

Question 19

In nonhuman animals,the most common circumstances under which communication occurs are

Accepted Answer

A) mating and food distribution. 
B) feeding and labour. 
C) aggression and mating. 
D) hunting and food distribution. 
A) mating and food distribution. 
B) feeding and labour. 
C) aggression and mating. 
D) hunting and food distribution.

Question 20

The view that language defines our thinking reflects what approach to language?

Accepted Answer

A) Linguistic determinism 
B) Sapir-Wharf hypothesis 
C) Linguistic relativity 
D) General cognitive processing account 
A) Linguistic determinism 
B) Sapir-Wharf hypothesis 
C) Linguistic relativity 
D) General cognitive processing account

Exam 8: D: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

Much of our language use serves non-informational purposes,such as

Which of the following is false with respect to language development in deaf babies?

Research has demonstrated that when it comes to making decisions based on our emotional preferences (such as what we find attractive or appealing),

Allowing an infinite number of unique sentences to be created from combining our symbols in novel ways refers to

One of the key difficulties in studying how deaf infants acquire language is

Our co-worker says,"It's awful in here." To understand what she means,we must

Using the __________ paradigm,researchers have found that infants can recognize sounds to which they were exposed in utero.

Phonemes are

John Gottman and his colleagues were able to predict divorce rates of couples with startling accuracy using techniques related to the concept of

Learning theories for the acquisition of language emphasize the importance of

In most cases,the rules of syntax

Language is

Research on speed-reading courses indicates that

The level of analysis of language that focuses on how words are combined to form sentences is called

By the end of the first year of life,an infant will generally

When attempting to solve a problem,we are often distracted by __________ rather than focusing on the underlying reasoning needed to solve the problem.

Which of the following statements about sign language is true?

In nonhuman animals,the most common circumstances under which communication occurs are

The view that language defines our thinking reflects what approach to language?

A: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

B: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

C: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

D: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

A: Research Methods

B: Research Methods

C: Research Methods

D: Research Methods

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

A: Thinking,reasoning,and Language

B: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

C: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

A: Intelligence and Iq Testing

B: Intelligence and Iq Testing

C: Intelligence and Iq Testing

D: Intelligence and Iq Testing

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Emotion and Motivation

B: Emotion and Motivation

C: Emotion and Motivation

D: Emotion and Motivation

A: Stress,coping,and Health

B: Stress,coping,and Health

C: Stress,coping,and Health

D: Stress,coping,and Health

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Psychological and Biological Treatments