Question 1

Although extralinguistic information is not a formal part of language,it does serve the purpose of

Accepted Answer

A) generally providing entertainment value,which captures our attention. 
B) assisting in interpretation. 
C) distracting us from the emotional aspects of communication. 
D) providing literal and factual information. 
A) generally providing entertainment value,which captures our attention. 
B) assisting in interpretation. 
C) distracting us from the emotional aspects of communication. 
D) providing literal and factual information.

Question 2

According to famed linguist Noam Chomsky,humans have an innate ability to understand and produce language through a device he called

Accepted Answer

A) Syntax Synthesizer (SS). 
B) Grammar Grabber (GG). 
C) Language Acquisition Device (LA
D) . 
D) Language Learning System (LLS). 
A) Syntax Synthesizer (SS). 
B) Grammar Grabber (GG). 
C) Language Acquisition Device (LA
D) . 
D) Language Learning System (LLS).

Question 3

Which of the following is true with respect to the brain areas associated with spoken and signed language?

Accepted Answer

A) Sign language is associated with activation of Wernicke's area but not Broca's area. 
B) Sign language is associated with use of brain areas that concern visual and spatial processing only. 
C) Both spoken and sign language show activation of the "language areas" of the brain,and sign language also relies on visual and spatial processing areas. 
D) People who use sign language show much greater activation of visual and spatial processing areas than those who use spoken language alone. 
A) Sign language is associated with activation of Wernicke's area but not Broca's area. 
B) Sign language is associated with use of brain areas that concern visual and spatial processing only. 
C) Both spoken and sign language show activation of the "language areas" of the brain,and sign language also relies on visual and spatial processing areas. 
D) People who use sign language show much greater activation of visual and spatial processing areas than those who use spoken language alone.

Question 4

__________ are step-by-step learned procedures that are useful for problem solving but are not flexible to adaptation.

Accepted Answer

A) Algorithms 
B) Mental sets 
C) Frames 
D) Schemas 
A) Algorithms 
B) Mental sets 
C) Frames 
D) Schemas

Question 5

Research on the relation between cognition and language suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) language shapes all aspects of perception,thought,and memory. 
B) language cannot affect thinking and memory. 
C) some aspects of thinking are more vulnerable to language influence than others. 
D) cultures that have only two "colour" words-dark and bright-cannot distinguish other colours. 
A) language shapes all aspects of perception,thought,and memory. 
B) language cannot affect thinking and memory. 
C) some aspects of thinking are more vulnerable to language influence than others. 
D) cultures that have only two "colour" words-dark and bright-cannot distinguish other colours.

Question 6

Imagine that you see an advertisement for a new cell phone that gives you coverage across 80 percent of Canada.However,if you reword the offer,you realize that you would have no cellular coverage in 20 percent of Canada.This example highlights how __________ influence(s)our decision making.

Accepted Answer

A) mental set 
B) heuristics 
C) framing 
D) algorithms 
A) mental set 
B) heuristics 
C) framing 
D) algorithms

Question 7

Using the word hee-haw to describe the sound that a donkey makes is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a morphological marker. 
B) anomia. 
C) onomatopoeia. 
D) a dialect. 
A) a morphological marker. 
B) anomia. 
C) onomatopoeia. 
D) a dialect.

Question 8

Breaking down tasks into more manageable bits refers to using __________ to solve a problem.

Accepted Answer

A) mental sets 
B) subproblems 
C) algorithms 
D) heuristics 
A) mental sets 
B) subproblems 
C) algorithms 
D) heuristics

Question 9

The language acquisition device is to __________ as the social environment is to __________.

Accepted Answer

A) the nurturist view;the nativist view 
B) the social pragmatics account;the imitation account 
C) the nativist view;the social pragmatics account 
D) the imitation account;the nativist account 
A) the nurturist view;the nativist view 
B) the social pragmatics account;the imitation account 
C) the nativist view;the social pragmatics account 
D) the imitation account;the nativist account

Question 10

The __________ bias refers to our tendency to overestimate our ability to predict known outcomes,whereas the __________ bias reflects the overestimation of our ability to make correct predictions.

Accepted Answer

A) hindsight;representative 
B) hindsight;overconfidence 
C) overconfidence;representative 
D) overconfidence;hindsight 
A) hindsight;representative 
B) hindsight;overconfidence 
C) overconfidence;representative 
D) overconfidence;hindsight

Question 11

Penny has begun to use words such as "daddy play" and "soft kitty" to express herself.Penny is in what stage of speech production?

Accepted Answer

A) Morphemes 
B) One-word stage 
C) Two-word phrases 
D) Generative speech 
A) Morphemes 
B) One-word stage 
C) Two-word phrases 
D) Generative speech

Question 12

The tendency to perceive and approach problems in the same ways that have worked in the past is called

Accepted Answer

A) the salience of surface properties. 
B) mental sets. 
C) thin slicing. 
D) hindsight bias. 
A) the salience of surface properties. 
B) mental sets. 
C) thin slicing. 
D) hindsight bias.

Question 13

Hannah read nursery rhymes to her daughter Kristine very frequently when she was an infant.As Kristine develops,what would you expect regarding her reading skills?

Accepted Answer

A) Frequent exposure to rhymes will increase Kristine's awareness of phonemes,and she will likely be an early reader. 
B) While Kristine may be better at speaking,her reading skills would be unaffected by rhymes. 
C) Kristine would be really good at phonetic decomposition but poor at whole word recognition. 
D) Kristine's development of reading skills may be impaired because when her mother reads to her all the time,she does not need to make the effort to read herself. 
A) Frequent exposure to rhymes will increase Kristine's awareness of phonemes,and she will likely be an early reader. 
B) While Kristine may be better at speaking,her reading skills would be unaffected by rhymes. 
C) Kristine would be really good at phonetic decomposition but poor at whole word recognition. 
D) Kristine's development of reading skills may be impaired because when her mother reads to her all the time,she does not need to make the effort to read herself.

Question 14

In which of the following circumstances would the person be least susceptible to interference on the Stroop task?

Accepted Answer

A) 33-year-old Nancy,who has a lot of difficulty both reading and writing 
B) 15-year-old Saul,who spends more time reading comics than textbooks 
C) 6-year-old Nathan,who is an avid reader for his age 
D) 26-year-old Justine,who is doing her Ph.D.in linguistics 
A) 33-year-old Nancy,who has a lot of difficulty both reading and writing 
B) 15-year-old Saul,who spends more time reading comics than textbooks 
C) 6-year-old Nathan,who is an avid reader for his age 
D) 26-year-old Justine,who is doing her Ph.D.in linguistics

Question 15

An important danger of the heuristics and cognitive biases discussed in your text is that they lead us

Accepted Answer

A) to become anxious or depressed about our place in the world. 
B) to doubt our intuition and gut feelings in important real-life circumstances. 
C) to believe in observations about our world that are not true. 
D) to underestimate our general levels of cognitive abilities and skills. 
A) to become anxious or depressed about our place in the world. 
B) to doubt our intuition and gut feelings in important real-life circumstances. 
C) to believe in observations about our world that are not true. 
D) to underestimate our general levels of cognitive abilities and skills.

Question 16

Which of the following provides the strongest support for both the nature and nurture sides of language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A) All babies have the innate capacity for language in the brain but are dependent on the environment to be able to express and produce any speech sounds or words. 
B) Without attention and reinforcement from their parents,babies would fail to develop language past the point of non-specific babbling sounds. 
C) All babies initially share the same basic phoneme categories,regardless of their parents' native language,but only use phonemes specific to the language they have heard by about 10 months of age. 
D) Babies cannot process speech sounds and noise until approximately five months of age as their temporal lobes and auditory cortices are still forming and developing neural connections. 
A) All babies have the innate capacity for language in the brain but are dependent on the environment to be able to express and produce any speech sounds or words. 
B) Without attention and reinforcement from their parents,babies would fail to develop language past the point of non-specific babbling sounds. 
C) All babies initially share the same basic phoneme categories,regardless of their parents' native language,but only use phonemes specific to the language they have heard by about 10 months of age. 
D) Babies cannot process speech sounds and noise until approximately five months of age as their temporal lobes and auditory cortices are still forming and developing neural connections.

Question 17

Honeybees communicate through

Accepted Answer

A) the waggle dance. 
B) the release of pheromones. 
C) touching antennae. 
D) changing pitch of buzzing. 
A) the waggle dance. 
B) the release of pheromones. 
C) touching antennae. 
D) changing pitch of buzzing.

Question 18

Which of the following represents the most accurate statement about how children learn language?

Accepted Answer

A) Most children recognize their own names as early as two months. 
B) Reduplicative babbling precedes the syllables stage of vocalization. 
C) Children can produce many more words than they can understand. 
D) Comprehension of words precedes production. 
A) Most children recognize their own names as early as two months. 
B) Reduplicative babbling precedes the syllables stage of vocalization. 
C) Children can produce many more words than they can understand. 
D) Comprehension of words precedes production.

Exam 8: D: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

Although extralinguistic information is not a formal part of language,it does serve the purpose of

According to famed linguist Noam Chomsky,humans have an innate ability to understand and produce language through a device he called

Which of the following is true with respect to the brain areas associated with spoken and signed language?

__________ are step-by-step learned procedures that are useful for problem solving but are not flexible to adaptation.

Research on the relation between cognition and language suggests that

Imagine that you see an advertisement for a new cell phone that gives you coverage across 80 percent of Canada.However,if you reword the offer,you realize that you would have no cellular coverage in 20 percent of Canada.This example highlights how __________ influence(s)our decision making.

Using the word hee-haw to describe the sound that a donkey makes is an example of

Breaking down tasks into more manageable bits refers to using __________ to solve a problem.

The language acquisition device is to __________ as the social environment is to __________.

The __________ bias refers to our tendency to overestimate our ability to predict known outcomes,whereas the __________ bias reflects the overestimation of our ability to make correct predictions.

Penny has begun to use words such as "daddy play" and "soft kitty" to express herself.Penny is in what stage of speech production?

The tendency to perceive and approach problems in the same ways that have worked in the past is called

Hannah read nursery rhymes to her daughter Kristine very frequently when she was an infant.As Kristine develops,what would you expect regarding her reading skills?

In which of the following circumstances would the person be least susceptible to interference on the Stroop task?

An important danger of the heuristics and cognitive biases discussed in your text is that they lead us

Which of the following provides the strongest support for both the nature and nurture sides of language acquisition?

Honeybees communicate through

Which of the following represents the most accurate statement about how children learn language?

A: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

B: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

C: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

D: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

A: Research Methods

B: Research Methods

C: Research Methods

D: Research Methods

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

A: Thinking,reasoning,and Language

B: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

C: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

A: Intelligence and Iq Testing

B: Intelligence and Iq Testing

C: Intelligence and Iq Testing

D: Intelligence and Iq Testing

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Emotion and Motivation

B: Emotion and Motivation

C: Emotion and Motivation

D: Emotion and Motivation

A: Stress,coping,and Health

B: Stress,coping,and Health

C: Stress,coping,and Health

D: Stress,coping,and Health

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Psychological and Biological Treatments

B: Psychological and Biological Treatments

The language acquisition device is to as the social environment is to .

The bias refers to our tendency to overestimate our ability to predict known outcomes,whereas the bias reflects the overestimation of our ability to make correct predictions.