Question 1

The area of the brain involved in speech production is

Accepted Answer

A) the parietal lobe. 
B) Broca's area. 
C) the hippocampus. 
D) Wernicke's area. 
A) the parietal lobe. 
B) Broca's area. 
C) the hippocampus. 
D) Wernicke's area.

Question 2

Syntax is the study of

Accepted Answer

A) the meanings of words and phrases. 
B) the basic sounds of a language. 
C) how words are combined into sentences. 
D) developing more effective computer languages. 
A) the meanings of words and phrases. 
B) the basic sounds of a language. 
C) how words are combined into sentences. 
D) developing more effective computer languages.

Question 3

In order to become experts at reading,which two skills do we need to utilize?

Accepted Answer

A) Vocabulary development and syntax 
B) Phonemes and grammatical rules of speech 
C) Phonetic decomposition and whole word recognition 
D) Prereading and a broad lexicon 
A) Vocabulary development and syntax 
B) Phonemes and grammatical rules of speech 
C) Phonetic decomposition and whole word recognition 
D) Prereading and a broad lexicon

Question 4

A key difficulty in explaining how language evolved is the __________ phonemes,words,and rules of syntax.

Accepted Answer

A) rigidness and uniformity of 
B) consistency of 
C) resemblance of meaning to 
D) arbitrariness of 
A) rigidness and uniformity of 
B) consistency of 
C) resemblance of meaning to 
D) arbitrariness of

Question 5

The system of rules that governs how we assign meaning to the morphemes we use is called

Accepted Answer

A) semantics. 
B) syntax. 
C) phonology. 
D) regularization. 
A) semantics. 
B) syntax. 
C) phonology. 
D) regularization.

Question 6

Days following the championship football game,many "armchair quarterbacks" explain how they knew all along that the losing team would not be victorious.This example illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) confirmation bias. 
B) hindsight bias. 
C) the representativeness heuristic. 
D) the availability heuristic. 
A) confirmation bias. 
B) hindsight bias. 
C) the representativeness heuristic. 
D) the availability heuristic.

Question 7

Maria uses the single word "cookie" to convey the entire thought of "I want a cookie." Maria is using the word cookie during the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) babbling 
B) monolingual 
C) homonym 
D) one-word 
A) babbling 
B) monolingual 
C) homonym 
D) one-word

Question 8

Which of the following individuals would most likely be able to learn a second language more easily than the others?

Accepted Answer

A) 27-year-old Zeke speaks Italian and is trying to learn Spanish. 
B) 14-year-old Carlos is trying to learn English and has only spoken Spanish until that point. 
C) Nine-year-old Chantelle speaks French and needs to learn Japanese because her family is moving to Japan. 
D) Five-year-old Luca is an English speaker being taught German as a second language. 
A) 27-year-old Zeke speaks Italian and is trying to learn Spanish. 
B) 14-year-old Carlos is trying to learn English and has only spoken Spanish until that point. 
C) Nine-year-old Chantelle speaks French and needs to learn Japanese because her family is moving to Japan. 
D) Five-year-old Luca is an English speaker being taught German as a second language.

Question 9

By ignoring base rate information,the representative heuristic suggests that we prefer

Accepted Answer

A) inferential information over statistical information. 
B) descriptive information over inferential information. 
C) descriptive information over statistical information. 
D) statistical information over descriptive information. 
A) inferential information over statistical information. 
B) descriptive information over inferential information. 
C) descriptive information over statistical information. 
D) statistical information over descriptive information.

Question 10

Basic units of sound are called __________;basic units of meaning are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) phonemes;syntax 
B) phonemes;morphemes 
C) morphemes;phonemes 
D) morphemes;syntax 
A) phonemes;syntax 
B) phonemes;morphemes 
C) morphemes;phonemes 
D) morphemes;syntax

Question 11

Email can often lead to misunderstandings.This is because

Accepted Answer

A) people misspell more often with email than with pen-and-paper writing. 
B) of decreasing literacy levels. 
C) most people read email more rapidly than other written forms. 
D) it lacks extralinguistic information. 
A) people misspell more often with email than with pen-and-paper writing. 
B) of decreasing literacy levels. 
C) most people read email more rapidly than other written forms. 
D) it lacks extralinguistic information.

Question 12

Susan would like for her child to learn a second language.If she wants the child to be fluent in the second language,research suggests that she should begin instruction no later than age

Accepted Answer

A) five. 
B) three. 
C) ten. 
D) seven. 
A) five. 
B) three. 
C) ten. 
D) seven.

Question 13

While it offers compelling explanations for language development,the most significant shortcoming of the nativist account is

Accepted Answer

A) its emphasis on extralinguistic information. 
B) that it is unfalsifiable. 
C) the emphasis on neurophysiology. 
D) that it does not address generativity. 
A) its emphasis on extralinguistic information. 
B) that it is unfalsifiable. 
C) the emphasis on neurophysiology. 
D) that it does not address generativity.

Question 14

In studies of attempts to teach chimpanzees language,researchers have found that

Accepted Answer

A) children master syntax later than chimpanzees. 
B) chimpanzees are similar to human children in requiring few trials to associate signs with meaning. 
C) chimpanzees frequently engage in naming behaviours. 
D) chimpanzees do not get faster when learning new words. 
A) children master syntax later than chimpanzees. 
B) chimpanzees are similar to human children in requiring few trials to associate signs with meaning. 
C) chimpanzees frequently engage in naming behaviours. 
D) chimpanzees do not get faster when learning new words.

Question 15

The case of Genie and her failure to acquire meaningful language ability best supports

Accepted Answer

A) metalinguistic deficiency. 
B) the nativist approach. 
C) the critical period theory. 
D) the limitations of bilingualism. 
A) metalinguistic deficiency. 
B) the nativist approach. 
C) the critical period theory. 
D) the limitations of bilingualism.

Question 16

If you wanted to teach a nonhuman animal to communicate using language,which of the following animals does research suggest would be the best choice?

Accepted Answer

A) Chimpanzees 
B) Bonobos 
C) Gorillas 
D) Parakeets 
A) Chimpanzees 
B) Bonobos 
C) Gorillas 
D) Parakeets

Question 17

The communication between honeybees would not be classified as language because

Accepted Answer

A) bees are not animals. 
B) bee communication seems to be instinctual. 
C) bees do not use a spoken or auditory communication system. 
D) their communication lacks semanticity. 
A) bees are not animals. 
B) bee communication seems to be instinctual. 
C) bees do not use a spoken or auditory communication system. 
D) their communication lacks semanticity.

Question 18

The level of analysis of language that focuses on the sounds people use when then speak and listen is called

Accepted Answer

A) morphemes. 
B) phonemes. 
C) syntax. 
D) semantics. 
A) morphemes. 
B) phonemes. 
C) syntax. 
D) semantics.

Question 19

According to Table 8.2 (Cross-Linguistic Differences in Phoneme Distinctions)in your book,which phoneme is distinct in Arabic but not English?

Accepted Answer

A) R and L 
B) K and Kh 
C) D and T 
D) S and Z 
A) R and L 
B) K and Kh 
C) D and T 
D) S and Z

Question 20

The imitation account's primary weakness is that

Accepted Answer

A) it does not account for generativity. 
B) it overemphasizes brain structures. 
C) it does not allow for the effects of social context. 
D) children only mimic language if reinforced. 
A) it does not account for generativity. 
B) it overemphasizes brain structures. 
C) it does not allow for the effects of social context. 
D) children only mimic language if reinforced.

Exam 8: D: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

The area of the brain involved in speech production is

Syntax is the study of

In order to become experts at reading,which two skills do we need to utilize?

A key difficulty in explaining how language evolved is the __________ phonemes,words,and rules of syntax.

The system of rules that governs how we assign meaning to the morphemes we use is called

Days following the championship football game,many "armchair quarterbacks" explain how they knew all along that the losing team would not be victorious.This example illustrates

Maria uses the single word "cookie" to convey the entire thought of "I want a cookie." Maria is using the word cookie during the __________ stage.

Which of the following individuals would most likely be able to learn a second language more easily than the others?

By ignoring base rate information,the representative heuristic suggests that we prefer

Basic units of sound are called __________;basic units of meaning are called __________.

Email can often lead to misunderstandings.This is because

Susan would like for her child to learn a second language.If she wants the child to be fluent in the second language,research suggests that she should begin instruction no later than age

While it offers compelling explanations for language development,the most significant shortcoming of the nativist account is

In studies of attempts to teach chimpanzees language,researchers have found that

The case of Genie and her failure to acquire meaningful language ability best supports

If you wanted to teach a nonhuman animal to communicate using language,which of the following animals does research suggest would be the best choice?

The communication between honeybees would not be classified as language because

The level of analysis of language that focuses on the sounds people use when then speak and listen is called

According to Table 8.2 (Cross-Linguistic Differences in Phoneme Distinctions)in your book,which phoneme is distinct in Arabic but not English?

The imitation account's primary weakness is that

A: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

B: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

C: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

D: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

A: Research Methods

B: Research Methods

C: Research Methods

D: Research Methods

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

A: Thinking,reasoning,and Language

B: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

C: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

A: Intelligence and Iq Testing

B: Intelligence and Iq Testing

C: Intelligence and Iq Testing

D: Intelligence and Iq Testing

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Emotion and Motivation

B: Emotion and Motivation

C: Emotion and Motivation

D: Emotion and Motivation

A: Stress,coping,and Health

B: Stress,coping,and Health

C: Stress,coping,and Health

D: Stress,coping,and Health

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

Basic units of sound are called ;basic units of meaning are called .