Question 1

Of the following compounds, which are consumed in any step of the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate: ATP, ADP, NAD+, NADH, FAD, FADH2, Acetyl-CoA.

Accepted Answer

Question 2

Causing a burning sensation in the muscles, what compound builds up in muscle cells when glycolysis occurs under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

lactic aci

Question 3

Identify the seventh step of the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) Citrate is converted to isocitrate. 
B) Conjugate addition of water to the double bond of fumarate forms (S)-malate. 
C) Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate. 
D) FAD oxidizes succinate to fumarate. 
E) The secondary alcohol of isocitrate is oxidized to a ketone by NAD+ and the ketone loses CO2. 
A) Citrate is converted to isocitrate. 
B) Conjugate addition of water to the double bond of fumarate forms (S)-malate. 
C) Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate. 
D) FAD oxidizes succinate to fumarate. 
E) The secondary alcohol of isocitrate is oxidized to a ketone by NAD+ and the ketone loses CO2.

Question 4

Under anaerobic conditions, what compound in mammalian cells is used to oxidize NADH back to NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue?

Accepted Answer

Question 5

What explains the kinetic stability of ATP in aqueous media at biological pH?

Accepted Answer

The negative charges

Question 6

A phosphoanhydride bond is known as a ________ bond.

Accepted Answer

A) low-energy 
B) high-energy 
C) hydrogen 
D) disulfide 
E) pericyclic 
A) low-energy 
B) high-energy 
C) hydrogen 
D) disulfide 
E) pericyclic

Question 7

How does production of pyrophosphate as the byproduct in a phosphorylation mechanism result in irreversibility of the transfer?

Accepted Answer

Pyrophosphate is sub

Question 8

Draw the structure of a fatty acyl-CoA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw the structure of a fatty acyl-CoA....

Question 9

Each round of the citric acid cycle forms ________ molecule(s)of NADH.

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 0 
C) 1 
D) 2 
E) 4 
A) 3 
B) 0 
C) 1 
D) 2 
E) 4

Question 10

What class of enzyme puts a phosphoryl group on its substrate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What class of enzyme puts a phosphoryl...

Question 11

In which stage of catabolism is the citric acid cycle found?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which stage of catabolism is the...

Question 12

How many isoprene units are in β-carotene?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 5 
C) 6 
D) 7 
E) 8 
A) 4 
B) 5 
C) 6 
D) 7 
E) 8

Question 13

Give the product(s)for the following reaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give the product(s)for the following reaction. ...

Question 14

What coenzymes are required for the b-oxidation pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) CoASH only 
B) FAD and CoASH only 
C) NAD+ and FAD only 
D) NAD+ and CoASH only 
E) FAD, NAD+, and CoASH 
A) CoASH only 
B) FAD and CoASH only 
C) NAD+ and FAD only 
D) NAD+ and CoASH only 
E) FAD, NAD+, and CoASH

Question 15

Give the number of ATP molecules formed from NADH in the fourth stage of catabolism.

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) none 
A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) none

Question 16

Propose a mechanism for the reaction, of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate with isopentenyl pyrophosphate to form geranyl pyrophosphate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Propose a mechanism for the reaction, of...

Question 17

Each round of the citric acid cycle forms ________ molecule(s)of FADH2.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 0 
C) 3 
D) 2 
E) 4 
A) 1 
B) 0 
C) 3 
D) 2 
E) 4

Question 18

Which of the following terms best describes the compound below?

Accepted Answer

A) a steroid 
B) an unsaturated triglycaride 
C) a soap 
D) a complex lipid 
E) a terpene 
A) a steroid 
B) an unsaturated triglycaride 
C) a soap 
D) a complex lipid 
E) a terpene

Question 19

At biological pH, ADP has ________ negative charges per molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) 4)0 
B) 3)3 
C) 2)8 
D) 1)1 
E) 0)6 
A) 4)0 
B) 3)3 
C) 2)8 
D) 1)1 
E) 0)6

Question 20

________ is the only non-citric acid cycle intermediate that can enter the cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin A 
B) acetyl-CoA 
C) thiamine 
D) tyrosine 
E) glycerol 
A) vitamin A 
B) acetyl-CoA 
C) thiamine 
D) tyrosine 
E) glycerol

Exam 25: The Chemistry of Metabolism

Of the following compounds, which are consumed in any step of the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate: ATP, ADP, NAD+, NADH, FAD, FADH2, Acetyl-CoA.

Causing a burning sensation in the muscles, what compound builds up in muscle cells when glycolysis occurs under anaerobic conditions?

Identify the seventh step of the citric acid cycle.

Under anaerobic conditions, what compound in mammalian cells is used to oxidize NADH back to NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue?

What explains the kinetic stability of ATP in aqueous media at biological pH?

A phosphoanhydride bond is known as a ________ bond.

How does production of pyrophosphate as the byproduct in a phosphorylation mechanism result in irreversibility of the transfer?

Draw the structure of a fatty acyl-CoA.

Each round of the citric acid cycle forms ________ molecule(s)of NADH.

What class of enzyme puts a phosphoryl group on its substrate?

In which stage of catabolism is the citric acid cycle found?

How many isoprene units are in β-carotene?

Give the product(s)for the following reaction.

What coenzymes are required for the b-oxidation pathway?

Give the number of ATP molecules formed from NADH in the fourth stage of catabolism.

Propose a mechanism for the reaction, of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate with isopentenyl pyrophosphate to form geranyl pyrophosphate.

Each round of the citric acid cycle forms ________ molecule(s)of FADH2.

Which of the following terms best describes the compound below?

At biological pH, ADP has ________ negative charges per molecule.

________ is the only non-citric acid cycle intermediate that can enter the cycle.

Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding

Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry

An Introduction to Organic Compounds

Isomers: the Arrangement of Atoms in Space

Alkenes Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Reactions of Alkenes

Reactions of Alkynes Introduction to Multistep Synthesis

Electron Delocalization, Resonance, and Aromaticity More About Molecular Orbital Theory

Substitution Reactions of Alkyl Halides

Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides Competition Between Substitution and Elimination

Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds

Organometallic Compounds

Reactions of Alkanes, Radicals

Mass Spectrometry, Infrared Spectroscopy, and Uvvis Spectroscopy

Nmr Spectroscopy

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones

Reactions at the Alpha Carbon of Carbonyl Compounds

Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes

More About Amines Heterocylic Compounds

Carbohydrates

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

Catalysis

The Organic Mechanisms of the Coenzymes

Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids

Synthetic Polymers

Pericyclic Reactions

Filters

Of the following compounds, which are consumed in any step of the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate: ATP, ADP, NAD⁺, NADH, FAD, FADH₂, Acetyl-CoA.

Under anaerobic conditions, what compound in mammalian cells is used to oxidize NADH back to NAD⁺ so that glycolysis can continue?

Each round of the citric acid cycle forms ________ molecule(s)of FADH₂.