Question 1

Fumarate is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. Draw its structure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fumarate is an intermediate in the citric...

Question 2

Circle the isoprene units present in menthol below.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Circle the isoprene units present in menthol...

Question 3

A terpene is believed to have one of the structures below. Based on the isoprene rule, which structure is more likely. Explain your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

This compound contai

Question 4

Most of the energy provided by chemical nutrients is provided in what stage of catabolism?

Accepted Answer

4th stage

Question 5

In glycolysis, what type of reaction converts the 6-carbon intermediate into two 3-carbon intermediates?

Accepted Answer

A) reverse aldol condensation 
B) reverse Claisen condensation 
C) a reverse Michael addition 
D) a reverse Diels Alder reaction 
E) a transesterification reaction 
A) reverse aldol condensation 
B) reverse Claisen condensation 
C) a reverse Michael addition 
D) a reverse Diels Alder reaction 
E) a transesterification reaction

Question 6

Identify the sixth step of the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) Citrate is converted to isocitrate. 
B) Conjugate addition of water to the double bond of fumarate forms (S)-malate. 
C) Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate. 
D) FAD oxidizes succinate to fumarate. 
E) The secondary alcohol of isocitrate is oxidized to a ketone by NAD+ and the ketone loses CO2. 
A) Citrate is converted to isocitrate. 
B) Conjugate addition of water to the double bond of fumarate forms (S)-malate. 
C) Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate. 
D) FAD oxidizes succinate to fumarate. 
E) The secondary alcohol of isocitrate is oxidized to a ketone by NAD+ and the ketone loses CO2.

Question 7

What carbon of the ribose residue in ATP is phosphorylated?

Accepted Answer

A) anomeric center 
B) 5' 
C) 4' 
D) 3' 
E) 2' 
A) anomeric center 
B) 5' 
C) 4' 
D) 3' 
E) 2'

Question 8

Draw the structure of pyruvate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw the structure of pyruvate....

Question 9

What compounds are formed when a carboxylate is phosphorylated by the attack at the a-phosphorus of ATP?

Accepted Answer

an acyl ad

Question 10

Of the following compounds, which are generated in any step of the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate: ATP, ADP, NAD+, NADH, FAD, FADH2, acetyl-CoA.

Accepted Answer

Question 11

How many citric acid cycles would be needed to produce nine molecules of FADH2?

Accepted Answer

A) nine citric acid cycles 
B) one citric acid cycle 
C) two citric acid cycles 
D) four citric acid cycles 
E) three citric acid cycles 
A) nine citric acid cycles 
B) one citric acid cycle 
C) two citric acid cycles 
D) four citric acid cycles 
E) three citric acid cycles

Question 12

Give the product for the following reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 13

Identify the second step of the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) Citrate is converted to isocitrate. 
B) Conjugate addition of water to the double bond of fumarate forms (S)-malate. 
C) Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate. 
D) FAD oxidizes succinate to fumarate. 
E) The secondary alcohol of isocitrate is oxidized to a ketone by NAD+ and the ketone loses CO2. 
A) Citrate is converted to isocitrate. 
B) Conjugate addition of water to the double bond of fumarate forms (S)-malate. 
C) Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate. 
D) FAD oxidizes succinate to fumarate. 
E) The secondary alcohol of isocitrate is oxidized to a ketone by NAD+ and the ketone loses CO2.

Question 14

How many molecules of ATP are formed by the citric acid cycle from one molecule of acetyl-CoA?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many molecules of ATP are formed...

Question 15

What chemical interactions allow certain enzymes to catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

The negative charge on ATP is reduced by

Question 16

Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle by reacting with ________ to form ________.

Accepted Answer

oxaloaceta

Question 17

The first reaction in the b-oxidation pathway produces ________.

Accepted Answer

A) an a,b-unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA 
B) a b-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA 
C) an a-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA 
D) a b-keto fatty acyl-CoA 
E) an a-keto fatty acyl-CoA 
A) an a,b-unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA 
B) a b-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA 
C) an a-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA 
D) a b-keto fatty acyl-CoA 
E) an a-keto fatty acyl-CoA

Question 18

The DG°' of the hydrolysis of ATP is ________ kJ/mol.

Accepted Answer

A) +25.2 
B) +7.6 
C) -1.0 
D) -30.5 
E) -225.8 
A) +25.2 
B) +7.6 
C) -1.0 
D) -30.5 
E) -225.8

Question 19

In the citric acid cycle, each molecule of acetyl-CoA is converted into two molecules of what?

Accepted Answer

A) oxygen 
B) pyruvate 
C) lactic acid 
D) acetone 
E) carbon dioxide 
A) oxygen 
B) pyruvate 
C) lactic acid 
D) acetone 
E) carbon dioxide

Question 20

Identify the first step of the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) Citrate is converted to isocitrate. 
B) Conjugate addition of water to the double bond of fumarate forms (S)-malate. 
C) Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate. 
D) FAD oxidizes succinate to fumarate. 
E) The secondary alcohol of isocitrate is oxidized to a ketone by NAD+ and the ketone loses CO2. 
A) Citrate is converted to isocitrate. 
B) Conjugate addition of water to the double bond of fumarate forms (S)-malate. 
C) Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate. 
D) FAD oxidizes succinate to fumarate. 
E) The secondary alcohol of isocitrate is oxidized to a ketone by NAD+ and the ketone loses CO2.

Exam 25: The Chemistry of Metabolism

Fumarate is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. Draw its structure.

Circle the isoprene units present in menthol below.

A terpene is believed to have one of the structures below. Based on the isoprene rule, which structure is more likely. Explain your reasoning.

Most of the energy provided by chemical nutrients is provided in what stage of catabolism?

In glycolysis, what type of reaction converts the 6-carbon intermediate into two 3-carbon intermediates?

Identify the sixth step of the citric acid cycle.

What carbon of the ribose residue in ATP is phosphorylated?

Draw the structure of pyruvate.

What compounds are formed when a carboxylate is phosphorylated by the attack at the a-phosphorus of ATP?

Of the following compounds, which are generated in any step of the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate: ATP, ADP, NAD+, NADH, FAD, FADH2, acetyl-CoA.

How many citric acid cycles would be needed to produce nine molecules of FADH2?

Give the product for the following reaction.

Identify the second step of the citric acid cycle.

How many molecules of ATP are formed by the citric acid cycle from one molecule of acetyl-CoA?

What chemical interactions allow certain enzymes to catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP?

Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle by reacting with ________ to form ________.

The first reaction in the b-oxidation pathway produces ________.

The DG°' of the hydrolysis of ATP is ________ kJ/mol.

In the citric acid cycle, each molecule of acetyl-CoA is converted into two molecules of what?

Identify the first step of the citric acid cycle.

Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding

Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry

An Introduction to Organic Compounds

Isomers: the Arrangement of Atoms in Space

Alkenes Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Reactions of Alkenes

Reactions of Alkynes Introduction to Multistep Synthesis

Electron Delocalization, Resonance, and Aromaticity More About Molecular Orbital Theory

Substitution Reactions of Alkyl Halides

Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides Competition Between Substitution and Elimination

Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds

Organometallic Compounds

Reactions of Alkanes, Radicals

Mass Spectrometry, Infrared Spectroscopy, and Uvvis Spectroscopy

Nmr Spectroscopy

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones

Reactions at the Alpha Carbon of Carbonyl Compounds

Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes

More About Amines Heterocylic Compounds

Carbohydrates

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

Catalysis

The Organic Mechanisms of the Coenzymes

Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids

Synthetic Polymers

Pericyclic Reactions

Filters

Of the following compounds, which are generated in any step of the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate: ATP, ADP, NAD⁺, NADH, FAD, FADH₂, acetyl-CoA.

How many citric acid cycles would be needed to produce nine molecules of FADH₂?

Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle by reacting with to form .