Question 1

Provide the structure of α-farnesene, a simple, acyclic sesquiterpene.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide the structure of α-farnesene, a simple,...

Question 2

Among those listed below, identify all the phosphoryl transfer reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) Nucleophile attacks the a-phosphorus. 
B) Nucleophile attacks the b-phosphorus. 
C) Nucleophile attacks the g-phosphorus. 
D) Nucleophile attacks the adenosine. 
E) Nucleophile attacks the oxygen attached to the adenosine. 
A) Nucleophile attacks the a-phosphorus. 
B) Nucleophile attacks the b-phosphorus. 
C) Nucleophile attacks the g-phosphorus. 
D) Nucleophile attacks the adenosine. 
E) Nucleophile attacks the oxygen attached to the adenosine.

Question 3

At biological pH, ATP has ________ negative charges per molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) 4)0 
B) 3)3 
C) 2)8 
D) 1)1 
E) 0)6 
A) 4)0 
B) 3)3 
C) 2)8 
D) 1)1 
E) 0)6

Question 4

Identify the third step of the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) Citrate is converted to isocitrate. 
B) Conjugate addition of water to the double bond of fumarate forms (S)-malate. 
C) Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate. 
D) FAD oxidizes succinate to fumarate. 
E) The secondary alcohol of isocitrate is oxidized to a ketone by NAD+ and the ketone loses CO2. 
A) Citrate is converted to isocitrate. 
B) Conjugate addition of water to the double bond of fumarate forms (S)-malate. 
C) Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate. 
D) FAD oxidizes succinate to fumarate. 
E) The secondary alcohol of isocitrate is oxidized to a ketone by NAD+ and the ketone loses CO2.

Question 5

In the citric acid cycle, the acetyl group of each molecule of acetyl-CoA is converted into two molecules of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide 
B) oxygen 
C) acetone 
D) acetaldehyde 
E) ethanol 
A) carbon dioxide 
B) oxygen 
C) acetone 
D) acetaldehyde 
E) ethanol

Question 6

Under anaerobic conditions in yeast cells, pyruvate is converted to acetaldehyde and ________, with the acetaldehyde being subsequently converted to ________ in a step that reoxidizes NADH to NAD+.

Accepted Answer

carbon dio

Question 7

What is the IUPAC name for isoprene?

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3-pentadiene 
B) 2, 4-pentadiene 
C) 2, 3-dimethyl-1, 3-butadiene 
D) 2-methyl-1, 3-butadiene 
E) none of the above 
A) 1, 3-pentadiene 
B) 2, 4-pentadiene 
C) 2, 3-dimethyl-1, 3-butadiene 
D) 2-methyl-1, 3-butadiene 
E) none of the above

Question 8

Fatty acyl-CoA is converted to acteyl-CoA in a repeating pathway called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis 
B) b-oxidation 
C) oxidative phosphorylation 
D) the citric acid cycle 
E) phosphoryl transfer 
A) glycolysis 
B) b-oxidation 
C) oxidative phosphorylation 
D) the citric acid cycle 
E) phosphoryl transfer

Question 9

Which of the following is not an intermediate in the biosynthesis of isopentenyl pyrophosphate?

Accepted Answer

A) hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA 
B) mevalonylphosphate 
C) acetoacetyl-CoA 
D) dimethylallyl phosphate 
E) mevalonic acid 
A) hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA 
B) mevalonylphosphate 
C) acetoacetyl-CoA 
D) dimethylallyl phosphate 
E) mevalonic acid

Question 10

Complete the following concerning ATP's role as the universal carrier of chemical energy: "The energy ________ from the hydrolysis of ATP converts ________ reactions into ________ reactions."

Accepted Answer

A) released, exergonic, endergonic 
B) released, endergonic, exergonic 
C) consumed, exergonic, endergonic 
D) consumed, endergonic, exergonic 
E) consumed, oxidation, reduction 
A) released, exergonic, endergonic 
B) released, endergonic, exergonic 
C) consumed, exergonic, endergonic 
D) consumed, endergonic, exergonic 
E) consumed, oxidation, reduction

Question 11

Under normal aerobic conditions in mammalian cells, into what two compounds is the pyruvate generated in glycolysis converted?

Accepted Answer

acetyl-CoA

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about terpenes?

Accepted Answer

A) They are a class of lipids that can be isolated from plants. 
B) They contain carbon atoms in multiples of five. 
C) They are composed of isoprene units joined together in a head-to-tail fashion. 
D) Tetraterpenes have 40 carbon atoms. 
E) all of the above 
A) They are a class of lipids that can be isolated from plants. 
B) They contain carbon atoms in multiples of five. 
C) They are composed of isoprene units joined together in a head-to-tail fashion. 
D) Tetraterpenes have 40 carbon atoms. 
E) all of the above

Question 13

The fourth step in the b-oxidation is a reverse ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Claisen condensation 
B) aldol condensation 
C) Michael addition 
D) Diels Alder reaction 
E) saponification 
A) Claisen condensation 
B) aldol condensation 
C) Michael addition 
D) Diels Alder reaction 
E) saponification

Question 14

How many isoprene units are in a sesquiterpene?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 15

In the first stage of catabolism, proteins are hydrolyzed to ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the first stage of catabolism, proteins...

Question 16

To what reaction are many endergonic metabolic processes coupled in order to make them exergonic?

Accepted Answer

the hydrol

Question 17

In glycolysis, conversion of a molecule of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate results in a net production of ________ molecules of ATP.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 6 
E) 12 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 6 
E) 12

Question 18

Identify the steps that occur in catabolism.

Accepted Answer

A) Fats, carbohydrates, and proteins are hydrolyzed. 
B) digestion 
C) NADH is converted to ATP. 
D) citric acid cycle 
E) All steps occur. 
A) Fats, carbohydrates, and proteins are hydrolyzed. 
B) digestion 
C) NADH is converted to ATP. 
D) citric acid cycle 
E) All steps occur.

Question 19

What is the final product from the glycolysis of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) one molecule of pyruvate 
B) two molecules of pyruvate 
C) one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate 
D) one molecule of 2-phosphoglycerate 
E) one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3,P 
A) one molecule of pyruvate 
B) two molecules of pyruvate 
C) one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate 
D) one molecule of 2-phosphoglycerate 
E) one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3,P

Question 20

What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-6-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate?

Accepted Answer

glycerol p

Exam 25: The Chemistry of Metabolism

Provide the structure of α-farnesene, a simple, acyclic sesquiterpene.

Among those listed below, identify all the phosphoryl transfer reactions.

At biological pH, ATP has ________ negative charges per molecule.

Identify the third step of the citric acid cycle.

In the citric acid cycle, the acetyl group of each molecule of acetyl-CoA is converted into two molecules of ________.

Under anaerobic conditions in yeast cells, pyruvate is converted to acetaldehyde and ________, with the acetaldehyde being subsequently converted to ________ in a step that reoxidizes NADH to NAD+.

What is the IUPAC name for isoprene?

Fatty acyl-CoA is converted to acteyl-CoA in a repeating pathway called ________.

Which of the following is not an intermediate in the biosynthesis of isopentenyl pyrophosphate?

Complete the following concerning ATP's role as the universal carrier of chemical energy: "The energy ________ from the hydrolysis of ATP converts ________ reactions into ________ reactions."

Under normal aerobic conditions in mammalian cells, into what two compounds is the pyruvate generated in glycolysis converted?

Which of the following statements is true about terpenes?

The fourth step in the b-oxidation is a reverse ________.

How many isoprene units are in a sesquiterpene?

In the first stage of catabolism, proteins are hydrolyzed to ________.

To what reaction are many endergonic metabolic processes coupled in order to make them exergonic?

In glycolysis, conversion of a molecule of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate results in a net production of ________ molecules of ATP.

Identify the steps that occur in catabolism.

What is the final product from the glycolysis of glucose?

What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-6-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate?

Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding

Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry

An Introduction to Organic Compounds

Isomers: the Arrangement of Atoms in Space

Alkenes Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Reactions of Alkenes

Reactions of Alkynes Introduction to Multistep Synthesis

Electron Delocalization, Resonance, and Aromaticity More About Molecular Orbital Theory

Substitution Reactions of Alkyl Halides

Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides Competition Between Substitution and Elimination

Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds

Organometallic Compounds

Reactions of Alkanes, Radicals

Mass Spectrometry, Infrared Spectroscopy, and Uvvis Spectroscopy

Nmr Spectroscopy

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones

Reactions at the Alpha Carbon of Carbonyl Compounds

Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes

More About Amines Heterocylic Compounds

Carbohydrates

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

Catalysis

The Organic Mechanisms of the Coenzymes

Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids

Synthetic Polymers

Pericyclic Reactions

Filters

Under anaerobic conditions in yeast cells, pyruvate is converted to acetaldehyde and , with the acetaldehyde being subsequently converted to in a step that reoxidizes NADH to NAD⁺.

Complete the following concerning ATP's role as the universal carrier of chemical energy: "The energy from the hydrolysis of ATP converts reactions into reactions."